The non-profit research groups NewClimate Institute and Carbon Market Watch looked at the climate commitments of 51 multinational companies and found that many brands overstate their sustainability claims. Distinguishing real reductions in planet-warming greenhouse gas emissions from "baseless greenwashing" was a big challenge, especially for consumers, they said.

Taken together, the brands examined in the report – mostly household names including H&M Group, Nestle and Toyota – accounted for 16 percent of global emissions in 2022.

However, their efforts were "critically insufficient" to limit global temperature rise to 1.5 degrees Celsius - the safer limit set by the 2015 Paris climate agreement. (From Linda GIVETASH, phys.org)