A document that is published in a journal  Weather and Climate Dynamics with open approach, suggests that European summer weather is predictable months to years in advance, due to higher freshwater levels in the North Atlantic. Lead author Marilena Oltmanns, a scientist at the National Oceanography Centre, discussed the implications: “While the UK and northern Europe experienced unusually cold and wet weather in the summer of 2023, Greenland experienced an unusually warm summer, leading to an increased inflow of freshwater into the North Atlantic.” “Based on the identified chain of events, we expect conditions in the ocean atmosphere to be favourable for an unusually warm and dry summer over southern Europe this year.” (More on phys.org)