Leicester scientists studying the Earth's surface temperature have warned that the more frequent extreme weather the world is experiencing will soon reach a tipping point if carbon emissions are not reduced. Last week, it was confirmed that 2023 was the world's warmest year on record, driven by human-induced climate change and the naturally occurring El Niño weather event. The name "El Niño" is commonly used to describe the warming of sea surface temperatures that occurs every few years. Among those studying the Earth's climate system is the Surface Temperature Research Group, which belongs to the Earth Observation Science Department at the Faculty of physics and astronomy  at the University of Leicester.  A group that is also part of National Center for Earth Observation and is located in  Leicester Space Park , studies the Earth's skin temperature using satellites in space and creates records of climate data.  Surface temperatures help researchers determine the Earth's energy budget and are considered a fundamental climate variable that is important for understanding the Earth's climate system. (University of Leicester)