Berkeley Earth has released its April 2025 Global Temperature Update, which provides a detailed look at recent climate conditions. According to Berkeley Earth's analysis, April 2025 was the second warmest April in recorded history.

The global average temperature in April 2025 reached 1.49 ± 0.12 °C above the average from the reference period 1850-1900. This figure is just 0.07°C lower than the record high recorded in April 2024. The data comes from the Berkeley Earth Surface Temperature – High Resolution (BEST-HR) dataset. Berkeley Earth notes that their findings are consistent with data from other major institutions such as Copernicus, NOAA and NASA, which also ranked April 2025 as the nominal second warmest April on record.

Looking at temperatures by surface, average temperatures over land in April 2025 were 2.35 ± 0.19 °C above the 1850-1900 average. This value effectively equaled the record set in April 2024 for the mainland. In addition, April 2025 contributed to the warmest start of the year (January – April) for land temperatures. Average ocean temperatures reached 1.01 ± 0.10 °C above the 1850-1900 average, which means Third warmest April on record for oceans, just behind 2024 and 2023. Sources say ocean temperatures continue to fall and have approached the long-term trend line.

In terms of spatial distribution, in April 2025 increased temperatures evident especially in the Arctic, Eurasia, the Middle East and West AntarcticaOn the other hand, colder anomalies were observed in the Greenland Sea and East Antarctica. Approximately 4% of Earth's surface experienced its locally warmest April on record. Specific areas with record temperatures included Saudi Arabia, Iran, Eastern China, Northeast Russia, and the Northeast Atlantic. Sources highlight that the Middle East was one of the areas where record heat occurred. For example, the national average in Iran surpassed the previous April record by about 0.4 °C, which is partly a result of the long-term warming in the region of more than 2 °C since 1960. In the context of long-term global warming, even ordinary weather fluctuations are more likely to lead to new temperature records.

Regarding the state of ENSO (El Niño Southern Oscillation), there is currently neutral state, which is likely to persist through June to August. ENSO forecasts generally favor a continuation of the neutral state through the end of the year, although there is a significant possibility of a return of La Niña.

In the longer term, global temperatures have fallen in the past four months, approaching the long-term trend line. Despite this decline, 21 of the last 22 months (starting July 2023) were above or within the uncertainty of the 1.5°C threshold defined by the Paris Agreement, with only May 2024 being significantly below this limit. The 12-month moving average remains well above the long-term trend, although it has started to decline after the record warm years of 2023 and 2024.

Berkeley Earth also updated the probabilities for the overall ranking of 2025 in terms of average annual temperature. The probability that 2025 will be the warmest year on record has decreased to 18%It is currently estimated that 53% chance that 2025 will be the second warmest year on record, and there is 52% chance that the annual global average will exceed 1.5°C.

In summary, April 2025 was the second warmest April on record and represented the warmest start to the year for the continent, highlighting the ongoing impact of global warming, although temperature dynamics have been changing slightly in recent months. Spring