Air pollution remains a critical environmental challenge in the EU, with the heating and cooling sector contributing significantly to the release of harmful pollutants. These emissions include 73 % of particulate matter (PM2.5), 33 % of nitrogen oxides (NOx), 2 % of ammonia (NH3), 18 % of non-methane volatile organic compounds (NMVOC), 61 % of carbon monoxide (CO) and 49 % of sulphur dioxide (SO2) – all of which pose serious health risks. Buildings and our homes are a key source of these pollutants. (More on joint-research-centre.ec.europa.eu)