Excessively hot or cold temperatures currently cause 407,000 deaths per year. Heat-related deaths, which are now six times more common in the south than in northern Europe, will be 9.3 times more common in the south than in the north by 2100. The first pan-European assessment reveals that even if current climate policies succeed in limiting global temperature rise to 3°C, heat-related mortality may increase. Without additional adaptation measures, an additional 55,000 deaths could occur annually by the end of this century. This 13.5 % increase in temperature-related deaths highlights the costs of delaying climate action. (More on joint-research-centre.ec.europa.eu)