Adapting to climate change and reducing ecological impact: a double challenge for the agricultural sector

Recently, the agro-food industry has increasingly recognized its ecological responsibility. The sector is estimated to be responsible for 19 % to 29 % of global greenhouse gas emissions and irrigation in agriculture, it represents 70 % of the world's water consumption. Furthermore, 33 % of fish populations are overfished and cultivated land has lost 25 % to 75 % of its original carbon. These data show the significant impact of agriculture on our fragile ecology.

Rising temperatures, changes in precipitation and unpredictable weather events are changing agricultural conditions, reducing yields and increasing crop vulnerability. Climate change is causing unpredictable weather patterns, complicating harvest planning. These changes affect not only the quality and availability of crops, but also the income and stability of farmers' livelihoods.

The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) predicts that by 2050, 10 % of today's agricultural land suitable for growing major crops and raising livestock will become unusable under high emissions. This presents a double challenge for the agri-food industry: to adapt to climate change and to minimize its impact on ecosystems, water resources and greenhouse gas emissions.

Digital tools, data and artificial intelligence offer promising solutions to reduce the ecological impact of agriculture. Precision agriculture techniques use sensor data to target the use of resources, such as water or fertilizers, only where they are needed. Targeted crop spraying can reduce chemical use by up to 90 %, optimizing production, minimizing waste and reducing the ecological footprint.

New technology also provides tools to help farmers adapt to climate change. Real-time data analysis helps make informed decisions and mitigate risks associated with climate variability. Weather forecasts can help farmers choose the optimal time for planting and harvesting, increasing yields despite unpredictable conditions.

The industry is also exploring innovative methods to reduce its impact on the environment. Greener alternatives to meat, such as protein-rich microalgae, are emerging as sustainable food sources. Digital solutions can optimize these production processes, for example by reducing fresh water consumption, thereby helping to reduce the carbon footprint and adapt to climate change.

New technological solutions represent a significant opportunity for the agri-food industry and responsible persons. By embracing digital tools, data and artificial intelligence, manufacturers will be better prepared to face the dual challenge of adapting to climate change and reducing environmental impact. These tools help optimize production, minimize waste and promote sustainable practices.

Innovations also make it possible to anticipate the impacts of climate change and incorporate them into strategic planning. They can create scenarios of unintended consequences, such as changes in farmers' incomes and livelihoods, providing a comprehensive view of cost-benefit trade-offs. In this way, those responsible can take a holistic approach that includes ecological, social, technological and cultural aspects. (Co2AI)