The Dubai Climate Change Conference, or COP28, is currently underway, which runs from November 30 to December 12, 2023. The international conference will bring together representatives of countries that are signatories to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. One of the main goals of COP28 is to continue the development of the energy transition and accelerate the phase-out of fossil fuels, the main sources of greenhouse gases and air pollutants. In addition to the impact on the climate, fossil fuels such as coal, oil and gas also pose significant pollution problems; for example, when they are burned, fine particles (PM2.5) are created. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), long-term exposure to these particles is likely to create or worsen various health problems, such as high blood pressure or diabetes. While the WHO recommends a maximum level of 5 micrograms of PM2.5 per cubic meter of air for long-term exposure from 2021, the vast majority of cities in the European Union far exceed this limit. (ANNA FLECK)