The use of pesticides – which include insecticides, herbicides and fungicides – increased by 16.7 % worldwide between 2005 and 2020, according to Pesticide Action Network UK (PAN UK). The group released a report pointing to a "vicious cycle" between pesticide use and climate change, with each causing more of the other. About 99% of all synthetic chemicals, including pesticides, come from fossil fuels, with several oil companies such as Exxon, Shell and Chevron involved in their production. The production, packaging, transportation and application of chemicals produce greenhouse gas emissions and exacerbate climate change, as well as the environmental degradation they cause, PAN UK said. (Danny Halpin ).