Is the scorching summer just experienced in the Mediterranean region in 2023 a harbinger of what threatens to become a common situation in the coming years, or does it even herald a much worse situation? IN On July 2023, breaking the already high record from 2022, the sea temperature itself reached a staggering 28.71 °C  (1) Tropical species are already emerging and displacing the inhabitants of traditional habitats.  (2) The average temperature on Earth is 40°C. Spain has reached regular highs of 44°C, while Turkey and the Maghreb have exceeded 50°C and above. The result has been major fires in many countries such as Greece (the largest European fire), Spain, Tunisia and Algeria. In the Maghreb and Egypt, populations, mostly accustomed to high temperatures, are finding it increasingly difficult to cope with the stress of urban areas, which tend to be constant. What's more, these abnormally high temperatures are damaging the already fragile agriculture of the affected countries. Climate change has indeed begun in the Mediterranean and is occurring much faster than expected. What elements are contributing to this acceleration that negatively differentiate this region from other areas of the world? (Jean-François Daguzan)