While global warming is expected to reach 1.5°C by the early 2030s, according to the March 2023 IPCC report, the AFD Group is working to ensure that all the projects it funds comply with the Paris Agreement by agreement. To achieve this goal, since 2015, among other things, the group has significantly increased the financing of adaptation co-benefit projects, i.e. responding to the risks associated with global warming, while focusing on other development goals. This is, for example, the Pikine Irregular Sud II project in Senegal, which aims to reduce the vulnerability of the territory to floods, or even the Antanarivo Integrated Sanitation Program (PIAA) in Madagascar, designed to improve the living and health conditions of the inhabitants through better control of the risk of flooding. The evaluation of these initiatives is necessary so that they best correspond to the reality in practice. " Given the huge needs of the partner countries, the aim is to continue to grow the funds already allocated for adaptation, while at the same time strengthening its impacts, " explains Claire Cogoluènhes, evaluation manager at AFD. The group therefore wanted to evaluate the effectiveness of some of its adaptation interventions in sub-Saharan Africa. The evaluation for the period 2007-2018, carried out in 2022 by Baastel and Acterra, analyzed 35 projects in the agriculture, water management and sanitation sectors, supplemented by three case studies (Senegal, Niger, Madagascar).