It is very important to consider the needs of low-income households when planning decarbonization measures for several key reasons that directly stem from the resources provided:

• Low-income households often live in buildings with low energy efficiencyThese buildings are usually poorly insulated and have outdated heating systems, which means higher energy consumption and higher heating costs. Therefore, these households are most dependent on financial aid when modernizing their homes.
• At the same time, low-income households will most affected by the ongoing transformation due to rising heat and energy prices. Decarbonisation measures, such as switching to renewable energy sources or modernising heating systems, may initially lead to increased costs that will be difficult for low-income households to bear.
• Home renovations can be extremely expensive and unaffordable for many low-income households., despite existing support schemes. Therefore, it is necessary to meet their specific local needs by providing targeted and accessible support.
• Cities should recognize and prioritize this issue in their investment plansDecision-making bodies at all levels must make public funding as accessible as possible to the most vulnerable groups in society, both by involving them in decision-making and by simplifying application procedures.
• There are special funds and programs aimed at supporting the energy transition with a view to social justice. For example, Social Climate Fund (SCF), which is expected to become operational in 2026, will provide financing to support investments in energy efficiency in buildings, decarbonisation of heating and cooling systems and the creation of energy communities. This fund will specifically focus on vulnerable households affected by energy povertyas well as vulnerable transport users and micro-enterprises.
• In some countries, such as the Czech Republic, Modernization Fund provides financial support to seniors and low-income households, allowing them to apply for subsidies to increase the energy efficiency of their homes. Similarly, Clean Air in Poland program provides three levels of support depending on household income for building renovations and replacement of heat sources. In Slovakia, the recovery plan also included reconstructions of family houses and public buildings, focusing on vulnerable groups.
• Failure to consider the needs of low-income households could lead to social inequality and resistance to decarbonisation measures, which would slow down the overall transition to a low-carbon economy. Ensuring a "just transition" means that no one should be disproportionately burdened by the costs and negative impacts of decarbonisation.

It is therefore crucial that municipalities actively seek ways to, when planning and implementing decarbonisation measures, provide targeted financial and technical assistance to low-income households, simplify access to public funds and involve these households in decision-making processes. This will ensure that decarbonisation is not only effective in terms of reducing emissions, but also socially fair and inclusive. Spring