The European Union is introducing the CBAM (Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism), which imposes a carbon cost on importers. This move incentivizes manufacturers to decarbonize in order to remain competitive in the market.

Key points:

– Impact of international trade: The World Trade Organization (WTO) estimates that international trade contributes around 20–30 % to global carbon emissions. In 2015, the production and transport of goods released around eight trillion tonnes of CO₂, accounting for a quarter of global emissions.

– CBAM goal: CBAM is part of the EU's strategy to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by 55 % by 2030. It introduces carbon accounting for high-emission products imported from outside the EU, with a price calculated quarterly according to the carbon footprint.

– Implementation: From 2026, CBAM will operate as a carbon tax, requiring the purchase of “CBAM certificates” to offset emissions from imports. Shipments with a value of up to €150 will be exempt from this obligation.

– Reaction and benefits: Bruno Le Maire, French Economy Minister, stressed that the CBAM will accelerate industrial decarbonisation and protect the EU from less ambitious climate policies of other countries. The mechanism will also support the EU's energy independence and incentivise other countries to develop more sustainably.

– Focus on key materials: CBAM focuses first on imports of steel, iron and aluminium, which are essential for the EU's industry and energy transition. In 2023, the EU imported 37 million tonnes of steel from 137 countries.

– Impact on exporters: Countries such as South Africa, Mozambique, Brazil, Venezuela and India will be most affected by CBAM due to the high carbon intensity of their exports. This may lead to increased costs and reduced competitiveness of their products in the European market.

– Opportunities for exporters: CBAM creates a market for low-carbon and more sustainable metals. Exporters can benefit from carbon footprint transparency, identification of emission reduction opportunities, and access to sustainable financing for green technologies.

CBAM represents a shift towards more sustainable global trade, encouraging manufacturers to reduce their carbon footprint and adopt cleaner production methods. Proactive adaptation is key to a just and sustainable transition in the global economy. Spring