Using information from the provided sources and our conversation, we can analyze the interconnectedness of the standards ISO 14064-1, ISO 14064-2 and ISO 14064-3 in the context of quantification, monitoring, reporting and verification of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. These standards are part of the ISO 14060 family and complement each other to provide a comprehensive framework for GHG emissions management.

• ISO 14064-1:2018 – Quantification and reporting of GHG emissions at the organizational level:
  • This standard specifies principles and requirements for design, development, management and reporting GHG inventories at the organization level.
  • Includes requirements for determining GHG emission limits, quantifying GHG emissions and removals, and identifying specific company actions to improve GHG management.
  • Provides guidelines for inventory quality management, reporting, internal audit and the organization's responsibilities within the verification framework.
  • Defines direct and indirect GHG emissions and requires organizations to define criteria for significant indirect emissions and to quantify and report them.
  • Specifies requirements for data collection, emissions calculation and also includes the treatment of biogenic emissions and electricity.
  • Includes guidelines for agriculture and forestry, as well as for identification of significant indirect emissions.
  • Supports transparency, completeness, accuracy a consistency reporting of GHG emissions.
• ISO 14064-2:2021 – Quantification, monitoring and reporting of GHG emissions at the project level:
  • This standard focuses on projects or project activities specifically designed for reduction of GHG emissions or increase in GHG removal.
  • It establishes principles and requirements for determining the project's baseline scenarios and for monitoring, quantifying and reporting project performance in relation to this scenario.
  • Provides basis for validation and verification of GHG projects.
  • Stresses that it is GHG neutral, requires that the project lead to emission reductions beyond what would have occurred without the project.
  • Instead of "project boundary", it uses the term sources, sinks and reservoirs (SSR), which is relevant to the project.
  • It focuses on future activities a emission removal.
• ISO 14064-3:2019 – Specification with guidelines for validation and verification of GHG claims:
  • This standard defines principles and requirements for verification of GHG inventories a validation or verification of GHG projects.
  • Describes validation or verification process and specifies components such as planning, assessment and evaluation of GHG claims.
  • It focuses on providing assurance for users that GHG claims are complete, accurate, consistent, transparent a without significant irregularities.
  • Distinguishes between validation (evaluation of assumptions and methods for future activities) and by verification (evaluation of historical data and information).
  • They can use it. organizations or independent parties to validate or verify GHG claims.
  • Describes the process strategic analysis, setting materiality boundaries, estimation tests, assessment of the characteristics of GHG-related activities, and preparation of plans for validation and evidence collection.
  • Includes Assurance requirements, objectivity, criteria, scope and materiality.
  • Provides guidelines for the use of different assurance levels, as well as for preparation and communication of validation and verification statements.

Interconnections:

• ISO 14064-1 is the basis for quantification and reporting of GHG emissions at the organizational level, while ISO 14064-2 provides a framework for quantification of emissions at the project level, which are aimed at reducing emissions or increasing their removal.
• ISO 14064-3 serves as mechanism for data validation and verification reported according to ISO 14064-1 and ISO 14064-2.
• ISO 14064-1 defines organizational and reporting boundarieswhich are important for ISO 14064-2 when determining the scope of projects. ISO 14064-3 in turn ensures that these boundaries are properly adhered to and the data is accurate.
• ISO 14064-3 uses terminology and principles ISO 14064-1 and ISO 14064-2 when performing verification and validation, thus ensuring consistency and comparability data.
• The relationship between the standards is such that ISO 14064-1 establishes basic rules for reporting emissions, ISO 14064-2 focuses on reducing emissions through projects, and ISO 14064-3 ensures that the reported data is reliable.
• All three standards together create comprehensive framework for transparent and reliable reporting of GHG emissions, which supports sustainable development and transition to low-carbon economy.

Briefly, ISO 14064-1 provides the basis for organization, ISO 14064-2 for projects a ISO 14064-3 serves for verification and validation data from both previous standards, achieving a comprehensive approach to managing and reporting GHG emissions. Spring