With drastic action now needed to limit global warming to the 1.5°C target set by the Paris Agreement, scientists warn that recent extremes in Antarctica could be the tip of the iceberg. The study examines evidence of extreme events in Antarctica and the Southern Ocean, including weather, sea ice, ocean temperatures, glacier and ice shelf systems, and biodiversity on land and sea. It concludes that Antarctica’s fragile environment “could be subject to significant stress and damage in the years and decades ahead” – and calls for urgent policy action to protect it. (Prof. Anna E. Hogg, University of Leeds).