{"id":39555,"date":"2026-10-08T19:23:57","date_gmt":"2026-10-08T17:23:57","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.co2news.sk\/?p=39555"},"modified":"2026-10-08T19:26:43","modified_gmt":"2026-10-08T17:26:43","slug":"zelena-architektura-v-praxi-ako-nastroje-polnohospodarskej-politiky-eu-ovplyvnuju-environmentalne-vysledky","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.co2news.sk\/en\/2026\/10\/08\/zelena-architektura-v-praxi-ako-nastroje-polnohospodarskej-politiky-eu-ovplyvnuju-environmentalne-vysledky\/","title":{"rendered":"Green architecture in practice: How EU agricultural policy instruments influence environmental outcomes"},"content":{"rendered":"

The European Union's Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) for the period 2023-2027 represents a fundamental shift in ambition in the field of environmental and climate protection. A comprehensive study<\/span><\/a> prepared for the European Commission konzorciom PwC, IRWiR PAN a IAMO z apr\u00edla 2026 prin\u00e1\u0161a detailn\u00e9 zhodnotenie toho, ako funguje takzvan\u00e1 Zelen\u00e1 architekt\u00fara<\/strong> (GA) SPP v praxi. Zelen\u00e1 architekt\u00fara je v r\u00e1mci \u0161t\u00fadie definovan\u00e1 ako kombin\u00e1cia legislat\u00edvnych defin\u00edci\u00ed, povinn\u00fdch pravidiel kondicionality a \u0161iestich hlavn\u00fdch typov intervenci\u00ed. Medzi tieto intervencie patria ekosch\u00e9my, environment\u00e1lno-klimatick\u00e9 z\u00e1v\u00e4zky (ENVCLIM), vyrovn\u00e1vacie platby za oblasti so \u0161pecifick\u00fdmi nev\u00fdhodami (ASD), zelen\u00e9 invest\u00edcie (INVEST), spolupr\u00e1ca (COOP) a v\u00fdmena poznatkov \u010di poradensk\u00e9 slu\u017eby (KNOW). Hlavn\u00fdm cie\u013eom \u0161t\u00fadie je pos\u00fadi\u0165, ktor\u00e9 strat\u00e9gie a n\u00e1stroje najefekt\u00edvnej\u0161ie motivuj\u00fa po\u013enohospod\u00e1rov k prij\u00edmaniu udr\u017eate\u013en\u00fdch postupov.<\/p>\n

Rozsah v\u00fdskumu a pou\u017eit\u00e1 metodol\u00f3gia<\/strong><\/p>\n

Hodnotenie vych\u00e1dza z kombin\u00e1cie kvantitat\u00edvnych a kvalitat\u00edvnych met\u00f3d. V\u00fdskumn\u00fd t\u00edm podrobil anal\u00fdze v\u0161etk\u00fdch 28 strategick\u00fdch pl\u00e1nov SPP<\/strong> zo 27 \u010dlensk\u00fdch \u0161t\u00e1tov E\u00da (pri\u010dom Belgicko predlo\u017eilo samostatn\u00e9 programy pre Fl\u00e1msko a Val\u00f3nsko). V r\u00e1mci Katal\u00f3gu intervenci\u00ed SPP bolo presk\u00faman\u00fdch celkovo 2 479 intervenci\u00ed, z ktor\u00fdch 769 bolo klasifikovan\u00fdch priamo ako s\u00fa\u010das\u0165 Zelenej architekt\u00fary. Empirick\u00e1 z\u00e1klad\u0148a \u0161t\u00fadie zah\u0155\u0148a d\u00e1tov\u00e9 s\u00fabory o po\u013enohospod\u00e1rskych postupoch, \u00fadaje z V\u00fdro\u010dn\u00fdch spr\u00e1v o vykon\u00e1van\u00ed (APR) a po\u013enohospod\u00e1rske \u00fa\u010dtovn\u00e9 d\u00e1ta FADN. Kvalitat\u00edvny rozmer zabezpe\u010dilo 93 \u0161trukt\u00farovan\u00fdch rozhovorov s riadiacimi org\u00e1nmi, platobn\u00fdmi agent\u00farami, farm\u00e1rmi a mimovl\u00e1dnymi organiz\u00e1ciami, ako aj 10 h\u013abkov\u00fdch pr\u00edpadov\u00fdch \u0161t\u00fadi\u00ed z jednotliv\u00fdch kraj\u00edn.<\/p>\n

Rozdielne environment\u00e1lne z\u00e1kladne a vplyv zjednodu\u0161uj\u00facich bal\u00ed\u010dkov<\/strong><\/p>\n

Jedn\u00fdm z k\u013e\u00fa\u010dov\u00fdch zisten\u00ed \u0161t\u00fadie je, \u017ee \u010dlensk\u00e9 \u0161t\u00e1ty vyu\u017eili \u0161irok\u00fa diskr\u00e9ciu pri definovan\u00ed z\u00e1kladn\u00fdch pojmov, ako s\u00fa trval\u00e9 tr\u00e1vne porasty, krajinn\u00e9 prvky \u010di opr\u00e1vnen\u00e1 plocha. V d\u00f4sledku toho sa environment\u00e1lna z\u00e1klad\u0148a, od ktorej sa odv\u00edjaj\u00fa dobrovo\u013en\u00e9 sch\u00e9my, medzi krajinami v\u00fdrazne l\u00ed\u0161i. Zatia\u013e \u010do niektor\u00e9 \u0161t\u00e1ty uplat\u0148uj\u00fa pr\u00edsne pravidl\u00e1 pre zaor\u00e1vanie tr\u00e1vnych porastov a ochranu drev\u00edn, in\u00e9 zvolili podstatne flexibilnej\u0161\u00ed pr\u00edstup.<\/p>\n

Pravidl\u00e1 kondicionality<\/strong> \u2013 zah\u0155\u0148aj\u00face normy dobr\u00e9ho po\u013enohospod\u00e1rskeho a environment\u00e1lneho stavu (GAEC) a povinn\u00e9 po\u017eiadavky na gazdovanie (SMR) \u2013 tvoria chrbtov\u00fa kos\u0165 Zelenej architekt\u00fary. Ich implement\u00e1cia je v\u0161ak naprie\u010d E\u00da nejednotn\u00e1. Situ\u00e1ciu navy\u0161e ovplyvnili zjednodu\u0161uj\u00face bal\u00ed\u010dky prijat\u00e9 v rokich 2024 a 2025, ktor\u00e9 zru\u0161ili alebo zmiernili viacer\u00e9 po\u017eiadavky, ako bola povinnos\u0165 vy\u010dleni\u0165 4 % neprodukt\u00edvnych pl\u00f4ch v r\u00e1mci GAEC 8, a zaviedli v\u00fdnimky pre mal\u00e9 a ekologick\u00e9 farmy. Hoci tieto \u00fapravy zlep\u0161ili praktick\u00fa realizovate\u013enos\u0165 pre farm\u00e1rov, z\u00e1rove\u0148 oslabili kredibilitu legislat\u00edvneho z\u00e1kladu a preniesli environment\u00e1lne amb\u00edcie do dobrovo\u013en\u00fdch n\u00e1strojov.<\/p>\n

\u010co rozhoduje o \u00faspechu u farm\u00e1rov: Praktickos\u0165 namiesto komplexnosti<\/strong><\/p>\n

Zo \u0161t\u00fadie vypl\u00fdva, \u017ee ochota po\u013enohospod\u00e1rov osvoji\u0165 si udr\u017eate\u013en\u00e9 postupy z\u00e1vis\u00ed menej od teoretickej koherencie cel\u00e9ho strategick\u00e9ho pl\u00e1nu a ove\u013ea viac od praktick\u00e9ho nastavenia jednotliv\u00fdch intervenci\u00ed<\/strong>. Najvy\u0161\u0161iu \u00fa\u010das\u0165 dosahuj\u00fa ekosch\u00e9my, ktor\u00e9 nadv\u00e4zuj\u00fa na zaveden\u00e9 po\u013enohospod\u00e1rske rutiny \u2013 napr\u00edklad pestovanie kryc\u00edch plod\u00edn, bezorobn\u00e9 obr\u00e1banie p\u00f4dy, extenz\u00edvnu pastvu, prec\u00edzne po\u013enohospod\u00e1rstvo \u010di zakladanie pufrovac\u00edch p\u00e1sov. Ekosch\u00e9my s jednoduch\u00fdmi, predv\u00eddate\u013en\u00fdmi pravidlami funguj\u00fa v\u00fdrazne lep\u0161ie ne\u017e re\u0161trikt\u00edvne sch\u00e9my.<\/p>\n

Naopak, prehnan\u00e1 administrat\u00edvna z\u00e1\u0165a\u017e a zlo\u017eit\u00e9 monitorovanie farm\u00e1rov odr\u00e1dzaj\u00fa. Rozhovory uk\u00e1zali, \u017ee po\u017eiadavky na geolokalizovan\u00e9 fotografie, ka\u017edodenn\u00e9 vedenie podrobn\u00fdch z\u00e1znamov \u010di komplikovan\u00e9 pravidl\u00e1 na \u00farovni jednotliv\u00fdch parciel v\u00fdrazne zni\u017euj\u00fa z\u00e1ujem o zapojenie. Viacro\u010dn\u00e9 z\u00e1v\u00e4zky v r\u00e1mci environment\u00e1lno-klimatick\u00fdch opatren\u00ed (ENVCLIM na 5 a\u017e 7 rokov) s\u00edce prin\u00e1\u0161aj\u00fa hlb\u0161iu zmenu spr\u00e1vania, no s\u00fa citliv\u00e9 na percepciu finan\u010dn\u00e9ho rizika a inflexibilitu, najm\u00e4 na prenajatej p\u00f4de.<\/p>\n

Slab\u00e9 miesta: Poddimenzovan\u00e9 vzdel\u00e1vanie a fi\u0161k\u00e1lne protire\u010denia<\/strong><\/p>\n

Poradensk\u00e9 slu\u017eby, predv\u00e1dzacie farmy, vzdel\u00e1vanie medzi farm\u00e1rmi a modely region\u00e1lnej spolupr\u00e1ce (COOP<\/strong> a KNOW<\/strong>) sa ukazuj\u00fa ako k\u013e\u00fa\u010dov\u00e9 predpoklady pre \u00faspe\u0161n\u00fa transform\u00e1ciu. Napriek tomu s\u00fa tieto n\u00e1stroje v mnoh\u00fdch strategick\u00fdch pl\u00e1noch podfinancovan\u00e9 alebo neposta\u010duj\u00face. Vznik\u00e1 tak nepomer: k\u00fdm ekosch\u00e9my stanovuj\u00fa vysok\u00e9 o\u010dak\u00e1vania, farm\u00e1rom \u010dasto ch\u00fdba potrebn\u00e1 odborn\u00e1 podpora na ich naplnenie.<\/p>\n

\u010eal\u0161ou v\u00fdznamnou prek\u00e1\u017ekou s\u00fa n\u00e1rodn\u00e9 fi\u0161k\u00e1lne politiky<\/strong>. Mnoh\u00e9 \u010dlensk\u00e9 \u0161t\u00e1ty na\u010falej subvencuj\u00fa fos\u00edlne paliv\u00e1, miner\u00e1lne hnojiv\u00e1 \u010di pestic\u00eddy prostredn\u00edctvom da\u0148ov\u00fdch \u00fa\u013eav alebo zn\u00ed\u017een\u00fdch sadzieb DPH. Tieto finan\u010dn\u00e9 stimuly p\u00f4sobia priamo proti cie\u013eom Zelenej architekt\u00fary, oslabuj\u00fa ekonomick\u00fa atraktivitu zelen\u00fdch postupov a zni\u017euj\u00fa celkov\u00fa koherenciu environment\u00e1lnej politiky.<\/p>\n

Anal\u00fdza n\u00e1kladov a pr\u00ednosov: Vy\u010d\u00edslenie spolo\u010denskej hodnoty<\/strong><\/p>\n

Anal\u00fdza n\u00e1kladov a pr\u00ednosov (CBA) zamieren\u00e1 na plo\u0161n\u00e9 intervencie ekosch\u00e9m a ENVCLIM na obdobie 2023 \u2013 2027 odhaduje celkov\u00e9 verejn\u00e9 v\u00fddavky na pribli\u017ene 70,1 mld. EUR<\/strong> (resp. 80,7 mld. EUR po zapo\u010d\u00edtan\u00ed administrat\u00edvnych a transak\u010dn\u00fdch n\u00e1kladov). Monetizovan\u00e9 environment\u00e1lne pr\u00ednosy sa v z\u00e1vislosti od scen\u00e1ra pohybuj\u00fa od 49,4 mld. EUR (pesimistick\u00fd scen\u00e1r) a\u017e po 123,6 mld. EUR<\/strong> (optimistick\u00fd scen\u00e1r).<\/p>\n

V strednom scen\u00e1ri dosahuj\u00fa pr\u00ednosy (zah\u0155\u0148aj\u00face redukciu sklen\u00edkov\u00fdch plynov, prevenciu er\u00f3zie, zn\u00ed\u017eenie spotreby hnoj\u00edv a pestic\u00eddov \u010di obnovu biodiverzity) hodnotu 68,5 mld. EUR, \u010do predstavuje pomer pr\u00ednosov k n\u00e1kladom pribli\u017ene 0,85<\/strong>. Hodnota ni\u017e\u0161ia ako 1 v\u0161ak neznamen\u00e1 zlyhanie politiky. Anal\u00fdza toti\u017e nezah\u0155\u0148a pr\u00ednosy zo samotnej kondicionality, invest\u00edci\u00ed ani neplo\u0161n\u00fdch opatren\u00ed, tak\u017ee skuto\u010dn\u00e1 n\u00e1vratnos\u0165 pre spolo\u010dnos\u0165 je pravdepodobne vy\u0161\u0161ia. D\u00e1tov\u00e1 triangul\u00e1cia zo siete FADN navy\u0161e potvrdzuje, \u017ee podporen\u00e9 farmy aplikuj\u00fa v\u00fdrazne menej dus\u00edkat\u00fdch hnoj\u00edv v porovnan\u00ed s nepodporen\u00fdmi farmami.<\/p>\n

Vyhliadky do bud\u00facnosti<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0160t\u00fadia potvrdzuje, \u017ee Zelen\u00e1 architekt\u00fara predstavuje v\u00fdznamn\u00fd \u0161truktur\u00e1lny posun vo presadzovan\u00ed environment\u00e1lnych cie\u013eov v po\u013enohospod\u00e1rstve E\u00da. \u010clensk\u00e9 \u0161t\u00e1ty vy\u010dle\u0148uj\u00fa na jej prvky od jednej \u0161tvrtiny do viac ako tretiny svojich rozpo\u010dtov SPP. Prechod od plo\u0161n\u00e9ho pokrytia k skuto\u010dnej syst\u00e9movej transform\u00e1cii si v\u0161ak vy\u017eaduje lep\u0161iu synergiu medzi ekosch\u00e9mami, invest\u00edciami, poradensk\u00fdmi syst\u00e9mami a odstr\u00e1nen\u00edm protichodn\u00fdch fi\u0161k\u00e1lnych stimulov. JRi&CO2AI<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n

pr\u00edloha: pr\u00edpadov\u00e9 \u0161t\u00fadie<\/span><\/em><\/span><\/a><\/p>\n

 <\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Spolo\u010dn\u00e1 po\u013enohospod\u00e1rska politika (SPP) Eur\u00f3pskej \u00fanie pre obdobie rokov 2023 \u2013 2027 predstavuje z\u00e1sadn\u00fd posun v amb\u00edci\u00e1ch v oblasti ochrany \u017eivotn\u00e9ho prostredia a kl\u00edmy. Komplexn\u00e1 \u0161t\u00fadia vypracovan\u00e1 pre Eur\u00f3psku komisiu<\/p>","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[40,27],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-39555","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-adaptacia-na-zmenu-klimy","category-udrzatelnost_uhlikova-neutralita"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.co2news.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/39555","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.co2news.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.co2news.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.co2news.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/7"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.co2news.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=39555"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/www.co2news.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/39555\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":39559,"href":"https:\/\/www.co2news.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/39555\/revisions\/39559"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.co2news.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=39555"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.co2news.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=39555"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.co2news.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=39555"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}