{"id":39350,"date":"2026-07-17T19:51:34","date_gmt":"2026-07-17T17:51:34","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.co2news.sk\/?p=39350"},"modified":"2026-07-17T19:53:16","modified_gmt":"2026-07-17T17:53:16","slug":"reforma-trhu-s-uhlikom-v-eu-nova-rovnovaha-medzi-ochranou-klimy-a-zachranou-europskeho-priemyslu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.co2news.sk\/en\/2026\/07\/17\/reforma-trhu-s-uhlikom-v-eu-nova-rovnovaha-medzi-ochranou-klimy-a-zachranou-europskeho-priemyslu\/","title":{"rendered":"EU carbon market reform: A new balance between climate protection and saving European industry"},"content":{"rendered":"

The European Union is at a crossroads. Rising energy prices, geopolitical instability exacerbated by the conflict in the Middle East and the US-Iran war, and extreme heat waves are forcing Brussels to reconsider its key klimatick\u00fd n\u00e1stroj \u2013 syst\u00e9m obchodovania s emisiami (EU ETS)<\/strong>. S\u00fa\u010dasn\u00e1 historick\u00e1 reforma tohto syst\u00e9mu, ktor\u00e1 prich\u00e1dza s cie\u013eom dosiahnu\u0165 klimatick\u00fa neutralitu do roku 2050, prin\u00e1\u0161a z\u00e1sadn\u00fd politick\u00fd kompromis medzi pr\u00edsnymi ekologick\u00fdmi po\u017eiadavkami a z\u00e1chranou konkurencieschopnosti eur\u00f3pskeho priemyslu v \u010dase glob\u00e1lnej kr\u00edzy. Pod veden\u00edm Ursuly von der Leyenovej sa politick\u00fd pr\u00edstup E\u00da mierne posunul smerom k podpore podnikania, \u010do viedlo k \u00fastupkom pre krajiny ako Po\u013esko a \u010cesko, zatia\u013e \u010do in\u00e9 seversk\u00e9 \u0161t\u00e1ty a \u0160panielsko trvaj\u00fa na pr\u00edsnosti. V\u00fdsledkom je rozsiahly bal\u00edk, ktor\u00fd men\u00ed pravidl\u00e1 pre priemysel, dopravu aj nakladanie s odpadom.<\/p>\n

Klimatick\u00e9 ciele 2040 a integr\u00e1cia odstra\u0148ovania uhl\u00edka<\/strong><\/p>\n

Srdcom novej legislat\u00edvy je zos\u00faladenie syst\u00e9mu ETS s nov\u00fdm klimatick\u00fdm cie\u013eom pre rok 2040, \u010do znamen\u00e1 zn\u00ed\u017eenie \u010dist\u00fdch emisi\u00ed sklen\u00edkov\u00fdch plynov o 90 % v porovnan\u00ed s rokom 1990<\/strong>. Tento cie\u013e prin\u00e1\u0161a okam\u017eit\u00fa \u00fapravu tzv. line\u00e1rneho reduk\u010dn\u00e9ho faktora, ktor\u00fdm sa ka\u017edoro\u010dne zni\u017euje celkov\u00fd strop dostupn\u00fdch povoleniek. \u00daplnou novinkou je integr\u00e1cia trval\u00e9ho odstra\u0148ovania uhl\u00edka<\/strong> (napr. technol\u00f3gie BioCCS a DACCS) priamo do syst\u00e9mu ETS. Eur\u00f3pska komisia pl\u00e1nuje do roku 2040 nak\u00fapi\u0165 250 mili\u00f3nov jednotiek dom\u00e1ceho trval\u00e9ho odstr\u00e1nenia uhl\u00edka, \u010do vytvor\u00ed dodato\u010dn\u00fd emisn\u00fd priestor pre odvetvia, kde je zni\u017eovanie emisi\u00ed technologicky naj\u0165a\u017e\u0161ie. Z\u00e1rove\u0148 E\u00da zva\u017euje pre obdobie 2036 a\u017e 2040 vyu\u017eitie \u0161pi\u010dkov\u00fdch medzin\u00e1rodn\u00fdch kreditov a\u017e do v\u00fd\u0161ky 5 % emisi\u00ed z roku 1990 (teda 260 mili\u00f3nov ton), \u010do by mohlo zn\u00ed\u017ei\u0165 tlak na dom\u00e1ce \u00fasilie z 90 % na 85 %.<\/p>\n

Priemyseln\u00e1 dekarboniza\u010dn\u00e1 banka a podmienen\u00e9 bezplatn\u00e9 kv\u00f3ty<\/strong><\/p>\n

Najv\u00e4\u010d\u0161ie zmeny sa t\u00fdkaj\u00fa mas\u00edvnej podpory eur\u00f3pskeho priemyslu v r\u00e1mci tzv. \u010cistej priemyselnej dohody (Clean Industrial Deal). Reforma zav\u00e1dza nov\u00fa in\u0161tit\u00faciu \u2013 Priemyseln\u00fa dekarboniza\u010dn\u00fa banku (IDB)<\/strong>, ktor\u00e1 m\u00e1 postupne alokova\u0165 a\u017e 100 mili\u00e1rd eur na projekty komer\u010dn\u00e9ho zni\u017eovania emisi\u00ed v priemysle. Jej \u00favodn\u00e1 f\u00e1za s n\u00e1zvom „ETS Investment Booster“ vy\u010dlen\u00ed do roku 2030 a\u017e 400 mili\u00f3nov kv\u00f3t na podporu r\u00fdchlych dekarboniza\u010dn\u00fdch invest\u00edci\u00ed prostredn\u00edctvom fixn\u00fdch uhl\u00edkov\u00fdch pr\u00e9mi\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Bezplatn\u00e9 pride\u013eovanie emisn\u00fdch kv\u00f3t, ktor\u00e9 sl\u00fa\u017ei ako ochrana podnikov pred rizikom presunu v\u00fdroby do zahrani\u010dia (\u00fanik uhl\u00edka), zostane zachovan\u00e9. \u00dania dokonca spomal\u00ed zru\u0161enie bezplatn\u00fdch kv\u00f3t pre niektor\u00e9 sektory a\u017e do roku 2038. Podniky si v\u0161ak tieto kv\u00f3ty neudr\u017eia automaticky. Od roku 2031 bude pln\u00e1 alok\u00e1cia pr\u00edsne podmienen\u00e1 vypracovan\u00edm \u201ePl\u00e1nu invest\u00edci\u00ed do dekarboniz\u00e1cie v E\u00da\u201c<\/strong>. Firmy z\u00edskaj\u00fa 80 % kv\u00f3t hne\u010f po predlo\u017een\u00ed pl\u00e1nu, no zvy\u0161n\u00fdch 20 % im E\u00da prip\u00ed\u0161e a\u017e po \u00faspe\u0161nej fyzickej realiz\u00e1cii invest\u00edci\u00ed a dosiahnut\u00ed v\u00fdznamn\u00e9ho zn\u00ed\u017eenia emisi\u00ed priamo na eur\u00f3pskej p\u00f4de. Ak spolo\u010dnos\u0165 presunie svoju v\u00fdrobn\u00fa kapacitu mimo E\u00da, bude musie\u0165 z\u00edskan\u00e9 kv\u00f3ty povinne vr\u00e1ti\u0165.<\/p>\n

Z\u00e1sadn\u00e9 zmeny v doprave: Letectvo a n\u00e1morn\u00edctvo<\/strong><\/p>\n

Dopravn\u00fd sektor \u010dak\u00e1 podstatne pr\u00edsnej\u0161\u00ed re\u017eim. V letectve sa od roku 2029 roz\u0161\u00edri p\u00f4sobnos\u0165 ETS na v\u0161etky lety odlietaj\u00face z let\u00edsk v E\u00da<\/strong>, \u010d\u00edm \u00dania plnohodnotne spoplatn\u00ed svoj podiel na medzin\u00e1rodn\u00fdch emisi\u00e1ch, s v\u00fdnimkou \u0161pecifick\u00fdch medzin\u00e1rodn\u00fdch doh\u00f4d. Zru\u0161\u00ed sa doteraj\u0161ia plo\u0161n\u00e1 v\u00fdnimka pre men\u0161ie firemn\u00e9 (business) lety, \u010d\u00edm prispej\u00fa k ochrane kl\u00edmy aj luxusn\u00e9 s\u00fakromn\u00e9 lietadl\u00e1. Syst\u00e9m navy\u0161e vy\u010dlen\u00ed a\u017e 110 mili\u00f3nov kv\u00f3t na pokrytie cenov\u00e9ho rozdielu pri zav\u00e1dzan\u00ed drah\u0161\u00edch udr\u017eate\u013en\u00fdch leteck\u00fdch pal\u00edv (SAF)<\/strong> a podporu elektrifik\u00e1cie. \u00daplnou a inovat\u00edvnou novinkou je vytvorenie priestoru 3 mili\u00f3nov kv\u00f3t pre boj proti neuhl\u00edkov\u00fdm vplyvom letectva, konkr\u00e9tne na finan\u010dn\u00fa podporu aeroliniek, ktor\u00e9 sa svojimi letov\u00fdmi dr\u00e1hami bud\u00fa vyh\u00fdba\u0165 tvorbe otep\u013euj\u00facich kondenza\u010dn\u00fdch st\u00f4p (contrails).<\/p>\n

V n\u00e1mornej doprave sa p\u00f4sobnos\u0165 syst\u00e9mu roz\u0161\u00edri aj na men\u0161ie plavidl\u00e1 nad 400 hrub\u00fdch ton<\/strong> (doteraz platil limit od 5000 ton). E\u00da sa tie\u017e r\u00e1zne stavia proti vyh\u00fdbaniu sa pravidl\u00e1m: pr\u00edstavy mimo E\u00da v bezprostrednej bl\u00edzkosti, ktor\u00e9 by lode vyu\u017e\u00edvali na prekl\u00e1dky len pre ob\u00eddenie platieb v ETS, stratia status pr\u00edstavu (port of call). Zav\u00e1dza sa aj nov\u00fd mechanizmus na podporu udr\u017eate\u013en\u00fdch n\u00e1morn\u00fdch pal\u00edv (SMAP), z ktor\u00e9ho bude m\u00f4c\u0165 \u010derpa\u0165 lodn\u00fd priemysel financie na inov\u00e1cie a \u010dist\u00fd pohon.<\/p>\n

Spa\u013eovanie odpadu a nov\u00e1 \u00e9ra nakladania s uhl\u00edkom (CCU)<\/strong><\/p>\n

Jedn\u00fdm z najspornej\u0161\u00edch bodov reformy, proti ktor\u00e9mu bol zna\u010dn\u00fd odpor, je za\u010dlenenie komun\u00e1lneho odpadu do EU ETS<\/strong>. Zatia\u013e \u010do spa\u013eovne nebezpe\u010dn\u00e9ho odpadu zostan\u00fa z trhu vy\u0148at\u00e9, be\u017en\u00e9 ve\u013ek\u00e9 spa\u013eovne komun\u00e1lneho odpadu sa bud\u00fa do syst\u00e9mu postupne integrova\u0165 v rokoch 2031 a\u017e 2034. Od roku 2034 bud\u00fa odovzd\u00e1va\u0165 kv\u00f3ty za 100 % svojich overen\u00fdch emisi\u00ed. \u010clensk\u00e9 \u0161t\u00e1ty v\u0161ak dostan\u00fa mo\u017enos\u0165 vyu\u017ei\u0165 do\u010dasn\u00fa v\u00fdnimku (tzv. opt-out) do roku 2035, ak zaved\u00fa adekv\u00e1tnu n\u00e1rodn\u00fa uhl\u00edkov\u00fa da\u0148 a splnia pr\u00edsne eur\u00f3pske ciele v recykl\u00e1cii a obmedzen\u00ed skl\u00e1dkovania.<\/p>\n

Z\u00e1sadn\u00fd posun nastane pri zachyt\u00e1van\u00ed a vyu\u017e\u00edvan\u00ed uhl\u00edka (CCU)<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

Ak sa zachyten\u00fd uhl\u00edk priemyselne vyu\u017eije v produktoch, z ktor\u00fdch sa nesk\u00f4r op\u00e4\u0165 uvo\u013en\u00ed (ako s\u00fa napr\u00edklad syntetick\u00e9 e-paliv\u00e1), \u00fa\u010dtovanie emisi\u00ed sa presunie z miesta v\u00fdroby a\u017e k distrib\u00fatorovi alebo kone\u010dn\u00e9mu spotrebite\u013eovi. T\u00fdmto krokom E\u00da odstr\u00e1ni dvojit\u00e9 zdanenie a v\u00fdrazne podpor\u00ed priemysel, ktor\u00fd uhl\u00edk zachyt\u00e1va a recykluje do nov\u00fdch produktov.<\/p>\n

Fondy a stabilita trhu<\/strong><\/p>\n

S cie\u013eom stabilizova\u0165 zmen\u0161uj\u00faci sa trh s povolenkami uprav\u00ed E\u00da parametre svojej Rezervy trhovej stability (MSR)<\/strong>. Od roku 2029 sa bud\u00fa jej hranice ka\u017edoro\u010dne zni\u017eova\u0165 o 4 %, aby odr\u00e1\u017eali postupn\u00e9 s\u0165ahovanie kv\u00f3t z obehu a zabr\u00e1nili extr\u00e9mnym cenov\u00fdm \u0161okom pre eur\u00f3pske podniky. Nepriamou obe\u0165ou politick\u00fdch tlakov t\u00fdchto zmien je paraleln\u00fd syst\u00e9m „ETS 2“ zameran\u00fd na budovy a cestn\u00fa dopravu, ktor\u00e9ho zavedenie sa na \u017eiados\u0165 Po\u013eska a Ma\u010farska odklad\u00e1 z roku 2027 na rok 2028.<\/p>\n

Reforma napriek \u00fastupkom zav\u00e1dza pr\u00edsnej\u0161ie pravidl\u00e1 na \u010derpanie n\u00e1rodn\u00fdch financi\u00ed z aukci\u00ed. \u010clensk\u00e9 \u0161t\u00e1ty musia povinne vyu\u017ei\u0165 najmenej 50 % v\u00fdnosov na presne stanoven\u00e9 prioritn\u00e9 oblasti, ako s\u00fa \u010dist\u00e9 technol\u00f3gie, roz\u0161irovanie elektrick\u00fdch siet\u00ed a dekarboniz\u00e1cia. \u00daplne zak\u00e1zan\u00e9 s\u00fa pritom ak\u00e9ko\u013evek invest\u00edcie, ktor\u00e9 by upevnili dlhodob\u00fa z\u00e1vislos\u0165 E\u00da od fos\u00edlnych pal\u00edv.<\/p>\n

S\u00fa\u010dasn\u00e1 rev\u00edzia EU ETS ukazuje nov\u00fd pragmatizmus Eur\u00f3py. Na jednej strane reaguje na obavy \u0165a\u017ek\u00e9ho priemyslu a hrozbu straty konkurencieschopnosti mas\u00edvnymi dot\u00e1ciami a \u00fa\u013eavami, no na druhej strane roz\u0161iruje povinnos\u0165 plati\u0165 za emisie aj na smetisk\u00e1, dopravu a men\u0161ie lode. E\u00da t\u00fdm vysiela jasn\u00fd odkaz: dekarboniz\u00e1cia sa men\u00ed z \u010disto ekologickej v\u00edzie na nutn\u00fa podmienku na z\u00e1chranu dlhodobej ekonomickej a technologickej sily Eur\u00f3py vo svete. JRi&CO2AI<\/strong><\/em><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

The European Union is at a crossroads. Rising energy prices, geopolitical instability exacerbated by the conflict in the Middle East and the US-Iran war, and extreme heat waves are forcing Brussels to reconsider its key<\/p>","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[26],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-39350","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-uhlikove-kredity"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.co2news.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/39350","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.co2news.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.co2news.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.co2news.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/7"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.co2news.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=39350"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/www.co2news.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/39350\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":39354,"href":"https:\/\/www.co2news.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/39350\/revisions\/39354"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.co2news.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=39350"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.co2news.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=39350"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.co2news.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=39350"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}