{"id":39491,"date":"2026-09-17T18:47:34","date_gmt":"2026-09-17T16:47:34","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.co2news.sk\/?p=39491"},"modified":"2026-09-17T18:54:06","modified_gmt":"2026-09-17T16:54:06","slug":"zelena-verejna-politika-a-spravanie-ludi-kde-stoji-slovensko-a-co-sa-mozeme-naucit-od-europy","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.co2news.sk\/ar\/2026\/09\/17\/zelena-verejna-politika-a-spravanie-ludi-kde-stoji-slovensko-a-co-sa-mozeme-naucit-od-europy\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0636\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0633: \u0623\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u0641 \u0633\u0644\u0648\u0641\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0646\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0646\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0627\u061f"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"text-align: left;\">\u064a\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0632 \u0625\u0644\u0649 <a href=\"https:\/\/euagenda.eu\/publications\/download\/835899\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a<\/span><\/a> \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0634\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 (\u064a\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0641\u0627\u0648\u0646\u062f\u060c 2026) \u0628\u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 <em>\u201e&quot;\u0631\u0633\u0645 \u062e\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0636\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a&quot;\u201c<\/em>. \u064a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0639\u0645\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0646\u0636\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a\u060c,<!--more--> psychologick\u00fdch bari\u00e9r a strategick\u00fdch v\u00fdziev, ktor\u00fdm \u010del\u00ed Slovensk\u00e1 republika pri uplat\u0148ovan\u00ed poznatkov behavior\u00e1lnych vied (behavioral insights \u2013 BI) v oblasti \u017eivotn\u00e9ho prostredia a klimatickej politiky.<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h5>1. Hodnotenie in\u0161titucion\u00e1lnej zrelosti Slovenska<\/h5>\n<p>V celoeur\u00f3pskom mapovan\u00ed kapacity a aplik\u00e1cie zelenej behavior\u00e1lnej verejnej politiky (GBPP) je <strong>Slovensko zaraden\u00e9 do F\u00e1zy 1 \u2013 Incepcia (Inception)<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>V\u00fdskumn\u00e1 kapacita a aplik\u00e1cia:<\/strong> Ofici\u00e1lna v\u00fdskumn\u00e1 kapacita v oblasti zelen\u00fdch behavior\u00e1lnych vied aj ich samotn\u00e1 aplik\u00e1cia v \u0161t\u00e1tnej environment\u00e1lnej politike s\u00fa vyhodnoten\u00e9 ako <strong>\u201e\u017eiadne alebo minim\u00e1lne\u201c (None or minimal)<\/strong>, pri\u010dom celkov\u00fd celo\u0161t\u00e1tny trend zost\u00e1va dlhodobo horizont\u00e1lny a stabiln\u00fd.<\/li>\n<li><strong>In\u0161titucion\u00e1lna \u0161trukt\u00fara:<\/strong> V roku 2019 bola v r\u00e1mci \u00daradu podpredsedu vl\u00e1dy SR zriaden\u00e1 jednotka <em>Behavioural Research and Innovations Slovakia<\/em>. Jej prim\u00e1rnym poslan\u00edm bola digitaliz\u00e1cia verejnej spr\u00e1vy a zjednodu\u0161ovanie komunik\u00e1cie \u0161t\u00e1tu s ob\u010danom; jednotka sa nevenovala klimatick\u00fdm ani environment\u00e1lnym t\u00e9mam.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Akademick\u00e9 kapacity:<\/strong> Akademick\u00e9 z\u00e1zemie reprezentuje napr\u00edklad \u00dastav verejnej politiky Univerzity Komensk\u00e9ho v Bratislave, ktor\u00fd realizoval \u010diastkov\u00e9 v\u00fdskumy zameran\u00e9 na predch\u00e1dzanie vzniku odpadu (littering) \u010di intervencie v r\u00e1mci projektu <em>Zelen\u00e9 \u0161koly<\/em>.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Celkov\u00e9 zhodnotenie:<\/strong> Aplik\u00e1cia behavior\u00e1lnych poznatkov na Slovensku zost\u00e1va roztrie\u0161ten\u00e1, projektov\u00e1 a ch\u00fdba jej trval\u00e9, systematick\u00e9 zapracovanie do legislat\u00edvnych a dota\u010dn\u00fdch procesov envirorezortu.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr \/>\n<h5>2. Region\u00e1lny kontext: Priepas\u0165 medzi Severoz\u00e1padom a Strednou Eur\u00f3pou<\/h5>\n<p>Slovensko je s\u00fa\u010das\u0165ou v\u00fdraznej geografickej nerovnov\u00e1hy v r\u00e1mci Eur\u00f3pskej \u00fanie. A\u017e 17 zo 28 sk\u00faman\u00fdch kraj\u00edn sa nach\u00e1dza vo F\u00e1ze 0 (pre-incepcia) alebo F\u00e1ze 1 (incepcia).<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Susedsk\u00fd klaster:<\/strong> Slovensko tvor\u00ed homog\u00e9nnu skupinu s krajinami strednej a v\u00fdchodnej Eur\u00f3py (\u010cesko, Po\u013esko, Ma\u010farsko, Bulharsko, Rumunsko, Chorv\u00e1tsko, Slovinsko), ktor\u00e9 sa nach\u00e1dzaj\u00fa v\u00fdhradne vo F\u00e1ze 0 alebo 1.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Riziko spravodlivej transform\u00e1cie:<\/strong> Regi\u00f3ny s vysokou z\u00e1vislos\u0165ou od uhlia a prebiehaj\u00facou \u0165a\u017ekou \u0161truktur\u00e1lnou transform\u00e1ciou disponuj\u00fa najni\u017e\u0161\u00edmi in\u0161titucion\u00e1lnymi kapacitami pre tvorbu polit\u00edk zameran\u00fdch na \u013eudsk\u00e9 spr\u00e1vanie. Hroz\u00ed tak, \u017ee \u0161t\u00e1ty s najvy\u0161\u0161\u00edmi soci\u00e1lnymi n\u00e1kladmi transform\u00e1cie bud\u00fa mat najmenej n\u00e1strojov na ich zefekt\u00edvnenie.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Z\u00e1vislos\u0165 od projektov E\u00da:<\/strong> Pre drviv\u00fa v\u00e4\u010d\u0161inu kraj\u00edn vo F\u00e1ze 1 je \u00fa\u010das\u0165 v projektoch financovan\u00fdch z E\u00da jedin\u00fdm sp\u00fa\u0161\u0165a\u010dom v\u00fdskumu. Po skon\u010den\u00ed grantov v\u0161ak iniciat\u00edvy zanikaj\u00fa, preto\u017ee nevznikaj\u00fa trval\u00e9 dom\u00e1ce in\u0161titucion\u00e1lne jednotky.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr \/>\n<h5>3. Psychologick\u00e9 a administrat\u00edvne bari\u00e9ry slovensk\u00fdch dom\u00e1cnost\u00ed<\/h5>\n<p>Tradi\u010dn\u00e9 n\u00e1stroje ako plo\u0161n\u00e9 informa\u010dn\u00e9 kampane \u010di ekonomick\u00e9 sankcie nar\u00e1\u017eaj\u00fa na n\u00edzku \u00fa\u010dinnos\u0165 kv\u00f4li \u0161pecifick\u00fdm psychologick\u00fdm a administrat\u00edvnym bari\u00e9ram:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>Medzera medzi hodnotami a konan\u00edm (Value-action gap):<\/strong> Hoci 84 % ob\u010danov E\u00da uzn\u00e1va \u013eudsk\u00fd p\u00f4vod klimatickej zmeny, vyjadren\u00e9 obavy sa nepremietaj\u00fa automatiquement do udr\u017ea\u0165e\u013en\u00fdch ka\u017edodenn\u00fdch n\u00e1vykov.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Ment\u00e1lna z\u00e1\u0165a\u017e (Bandwidth tax):<\/strong> Finan\u010dn\u00fd stres a chudoba spotreb\u00favaj\u00fa v\u00e4\u010d\u0161inu kognit\u00edvnej kapacity jednotlivcov na rie\u0161enie okam\u017eit\u00fdch potrieb (n\u00e1jom, potraviny), kv\u00f4li \u010domu im nezost\u00e1va kapacita na pl\u00e1novanie dlhodob\u00fdch invest\u00edci\u00ed do obnovy domov \u010di zmeny energetick\u00fdch zariaden\u00ed.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Administrat\u00edvne trenie (Sludge):<\/strong> Zlo\u017eit\u00e9 formul\u00e1re, nepreh\u013eadn\u00e9 podmienky a byrokracia odr\u00e1dzaj\u00fa ob\u010danov od \u010derpania \u0161t\u00e1tnych dot\u00e1ci\u00ed. Pr\u00edklad z Cypru uk\u00e1zal, \u017ee viac ako 55 % zranite\u013en\u00fdch dom\u00e1cnost\u00ed nez\u00edskalo dostupn\u00e9 granty na obnovite\u013en\u00e9 zdroje pr\u00e1ve kv\u00f4li administrat\u00edvnej n\u00e1ro\u010dnosti procesu.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Pr\u00edtomnostn\u00e1 odch\u00fdlka (Present bias) a Status quo bias:<\/strong> \u013dudia systematicky pripisuj\u00fa vy\u0161\u0161iu v\u00e1hu okam\u017eit\u00fdm n\u00e1kladom a pohodliu ne\u017e bud\u00facim finan\u010dn\u00fdm \u00faspor\u00e1m, a maj\u00fa tendenciu zotrv\u00e1va\u0165 pri zabehnut\u00fdch rut\u00ednach.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Pluralitn\u00e1 ignorancia (Pluralistic ignorance):<\/strong> Ob\u010dania v\u00fdrazne podce\u0148uj\u00fa mieru, do akej ich susedia a spoluob\u010dania podporuj\u00fa ekologick\u00e9 spr\u00e1vanie a zelen\u00fa legislat\u00edvu, \u010do vytv\u00e1ra dojem, \u017ee \u201enikto in\u00fd nekonal\u201c, a t\u00fdm oslabuje ich vlastn\u00fa ochotu prida\u0165 sa.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<hr \/>\n<h5>4. Syst\u00e9mov\u00e9 in\u0161pir\u00e1cie pre slovensk\u00fa prax (Klimaatplan 2025\u20132035)<\/h5>\n<p>Pod\u013ea 5-\u00farov\u0148ov\u00e9ho r\u00e1mca Eur\u00f3pskej komisie sa v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ina eur\u00f3pskych kraj\u00edn zameriava len na \u010diastkov\u00e9 z\u00e1sahy (jednotliv\u00e9 nudges na \u00farovni 1 a 2). \u0160pi\u010dkov\u00fdm pr\u00edkladom pre Slovensko je Holandsko (F\u00e1za 5), ktor\u00e9 operuje na <strong>syst\u00e9movej \u00farovni 5<\/strong> prostredn\u00edctvom n\u00e1rodn\u00e9ho klimatick\u00e9ho pl\u00e1nu <em>Klimaatplan 2025\u20132035<\/em>:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u0160tyri princ\u00edpy spravodlivosti:<\/strong> Holandsk\u00fd model stavia na medzigenera\u010dnej spravodlivosti, spravodlivom rozdelen\u00ed z\u00e1\u0165a\u017ee (vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed emitenti nes\u00fa v\u00e4\u010d\u0161\u00ed diel), finan\u010dnej spravodlivosti (dot\u00e1cie nesm\u00fa sl\u00fa\u017ei\u0165 len bohat\u00fdm) a trhovej spravodlivosti.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Jednohubkov\u00e9 centr\u00e1 (One-stop-shops):<\/strong> Namiesto toho, aby \u0161t\u00e1t vy\u017eadoval od ob\u010danov \u0161t\u00fadium zlo\u017eitej legislat\u00edvy, vytv\u00e1ra integrovan\u00e9 kontaktn\u00e9 miesta pre zatep\u013eovanie a obnovu domov, ktor\u00e9 odb\u00faravaj\u00fa administrat\u00edvnu z\u00e1\u0165a\u017e a \u0161etria ment\u00e1lnu kapacitu ob\u010danov.<\/li>\n<li><strong>D\u00f4vera a particip\u00e1cia:<\/strong> Budovanie d\u00f4very cez transparentn\u00e9 pre-bunkingov\u00e9 strat\u00e9gie a zap\u00e1janie ob\u010danov prostredn\u00edctvom ob\u010dianskych zhroma\u017eden\u00ed (citizens&#8216; assemblies) zvy\u0161uje legitimitu prijat\u00fdch opatren\u00ed.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr \/>\n<h5>5. Odpor\u00fa\u010dan\u00e9 kroky pre tvorcov verejn\u00fdch polit\u00edk na Slovensku<\/h5>\n<p>Pre \u00faspe\u0161n\u00fd posun Slovenska z F\u00e1zy 1 do vy\u0161\u0161\u00edch \u0161t\u00e1di\u00ed zrelosti odpor\u00fa\u010da spr\u00e1va Eurofound nasleduj\u00face opatrenia:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>Vytvorenie st\u00e1lej behavior\u00e1lnej kapacity:<\/strong> Prejs\u0165 od ad-hoc projektov k zriadeniu st\u00e1leho behavior\u00e1lneho t\u00edmu pri Ministerstve \u017eivotn\u00e9ho prostredia SR alebo Ministerstve hospod\u00e1rstva SR s trval\u00fdm financovan\u00edm.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Systematick\u00e9 odstra\u0148ovanie byrokracie (\u201ede-sludging\u201c):<\/strong> Revidova\u0165 n\u00e1rodn\u00e9 dota\u010dn\u00e9 sch\u00e9my (napr. <em>Obnov dom<\/em> \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0621 <em>Zelen\u00e1 dom\u00e1cnostiam<\/em>) tak, aby sa zjednodu\u0161il proces pod\u00e1vania \u017eiadost\u00ed a eliminovali sa prek\u00e1\u017eky pre n\u00edzkopr\u00edmov\u00e9 dom\u00e1cnosti.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Zavedenie automatick\u00fdch prednastaven\u00ed (Defaults):<\/strong> Vyu\u017e\u00edva\u0165 automatick\u00e9 ekologick\u00e9 prednastavenia (napr. pri inteligentn\u00fdch mera\u010doch \u010di \u0161tandardn\u00fdch tarif\u00e1ch energi\u00ed), ktor\u00e9 nevy\u017eaduj\u00fa od ob\u010danov vysok\u00fa ment\u00e1lnu n\u00e1mahu.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Prepojenie v\u00fdskumu s legislat\u00edvnou praxou:<\/strong> Vytvori\u0165 trval\u00e9 komunika\u010dn\u00e9 a realiza\u010dn\u00e9 kan\u00e1ly medzi akademick\u00fdmi pracoviskami (napr. \u00daVP UK) a \u0161t\u00e1tnymi org\u00e1nmi.<\/li>\n<li><strong>F\u00e9rov\u00e1 a transparentn\u00e1 komunik\u00e1cia:<\/strong> Zamera\u0165 komunik\u00e1ciu na salientn\u00e9 spolubenefity (\u00faspory, zdravie, kvalita \u017eivota) a budovanie spolo\u010densk\u00fdch noriem namiesto samotn\u00e9ho stra\u0161enia klimatickou kr\u00edzou. <em><strong>JRi&amp;CO2AI<\/strong><\/em><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>T\u00e1to preh\u013eadov\u00e1 spr\u00e1va vych\u00e1dza zo \u0161t\u00fadie Eur\u00f3pskej nad\u00e1cie pre zlep\u0161ovanie \u017eivotn\u00fdch a pracovn\u00fdch podmienok (Eurofound, 2026) s n\u00e1zvom \u201eMapping green behavioural public policy in the EU\u201c. Spr\u00e1va prin\u00e1\u0161a h\u013abkov\u00fa anal\u00fdzu in\u0161titucion\u00e1lnej zrelosti,<\/p>","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":39495,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[4,40],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-39491","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-klimaticka-zmena","category-adaptacia-na-zmenu-klimy"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.co2news.sk\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/39491","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.co2news.sk\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.co2news.sk\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.co2news.sk\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/7"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.co2news.sk\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=39491"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/www.co2news.sk\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/39491\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":39496,"href":"https:\/\/www.co2news.sk\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/39491\/revisions\/39496"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.co2news.sk\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/39495"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.co2news.sk\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=39491"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.co2news.sk\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=39491"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.co2news.sk\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=39491"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}