{"id":39355,"date":"2026-07-25T05:58:56","date_gmt":"2026-07-25T03:58:56","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.co2news.sk\/?p=39355"},"modified":"2026-07-25T05:59:46","modified_gmt":"2026-07-25T03:59:46","slug":"mytus-o-recyklacii-preco-zameranie-na-odpad-brzdi-skutocnu-zelenu-transformaciu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.co2news.sk\/ar\/2026\/07\/25\/mytus-o-recyklacii-preco-zameranie-na-odpad-brzdi-skutocnu-zelenu-transformaciu\/","title":{"rendered":"\u062e\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0648\u064a\u0631: \u0644\u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u0639\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0636\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a\u061f"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0628\u064f\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644 \u062e\u0637\u064a \u0628\u0633\u064a\u0637 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0635\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639 \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0627\u062a: \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0631\u0627\u062c \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629\u060c \u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0639\u0647\u0627\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0635 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627. \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u064f\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0645 &quot;\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0631\u0627\u062c\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0635&quot;.\u201e<!--more-->, \u010doraz viac nar\u00e1\u017ea na svoje ekologick\u00e9 a ekonomick\u00e9 limity. Obehov\u00e9 hospod\u00e1rstvo, naopak, predstavuje syst\u00e9mov\u00fa transform\u00e1ciu, ktorej cie\u013eom je zachova\u0165 hodnotu produktov, materi\u00e1lov a zdrojov v ekonomike \u010do najdlh\u0161ie a z\u00e1rove\u0148 minimalizova\u0165 tvorbu odpadu. Nad\u00e1cia Ellen MacArthurovej to definuje ako syst\u00e9m, v ktorom sa \u201emateri\u00e1ly nikdy nestan\u00fa odpadom\u201c.<\/p>\n<p>Zmena kl\u00edmy a vy\u010derp\u00e1vanie zdrojov dnes n\u00fatia vl\u00e1dy a firmy ur\u00fdchli\u0165 tento prechod. V s\u00fa\u010dasnosti poch\u00e1dza pribli\u017ene 60 % celosvetov\u00fdch emisi\u00ed sklen\u00edkov\u00fdch plynov z materi\u00e1lov, ak\u00fdmi s\u00fa \u017eelezo, oce\u013e, cement a plasty. Zavedenie princ\u00edpov obehovosti by pod\u013ea odhadov mohlo zn\u00ed\u017ei\u0165 celkov\u00fa tvorbu komun\u00e1lneho odpadu o 34 % do roku 2030.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Od line\u00e1rneho modelu k 10 R-strat\u00e9gi\u00e1m<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Na to, aby sa hospod\u00e1rstvo dok\u00e1zalo posun\u00fa\u0165 od line\u00e1rneho k obehov\u00e9mu pr\u00edstupu, je nevyhnutn\u00e9 uplat\u0148ova\u0165 takzvan\u00e9 R-strat\u00e9gie (z anglick\u00fdch term\u00ednov), ktor\u00e9 pokr\u00fdvaj\u00fa cel\u00fd \u017eivotn\u00fd cyklus produktov:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Upstream f\u00e1za (Extrakcia a produkcia):<\/strong> Zameriava sa na z\u00fa\u017eenie materi\u00e1lov\u00fdch tokov prostredn\u00edctvom strat\u00e9gi\u00ed s najvy\u0161\u0161\u00edm stup\u0148om obehovosti. Sem patr\u00ed <strong>odmietnutie (refuse)<\/strong> nepotrebn\u00fdch materi\u00e1lov (napr. z\u00e1kaz jednorazov\u00fdch plastov), <strong>premyslenie (rethink)<\/strong> modelov spotreby (zdie\u013ean\u00e1 mobilita, produkty ako slu\u017eba) a <strong>redukcia (reduce)<\/strong> materi\u00e1lovej stopy.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Midstream f\u00e1za (Spotreba a pou\u017e\u00edvanie):<\/strong> Cie\u013eom je spomali\u0165 toky predl\u017eovan\u00edm \u017eivotnosti produktov. Patria sem strat\u00e9gie ako <strong>op\u00e4tovn\u00e9 pou\u017eitie (reuse)<\/strong>, <strong>oprava (repair)<\/strong>, <strong>renov\u00e1cia (refurbish)<\/strong>, <strong>repasovanie (remanufacture)<\/strong> \u0648 <strong>zmena \u00fa\u010delu (repurpose)<\/strong>. Tieto postupy zni\u017euj\u00fa potrebu \u0165a\u017eby prim\u00e1rnych surov\u00edn.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Downstream f\u00e1za (Spracovanie odpadu):<\/strong> F\u00e1za s najni\u017e\u0161ou \u00farov\u0148ou obehovosti sa uplat\u0148uje a\u017e vtedy, ke\u010f sa produkt stane odpadom. Zah\u0155\u0148a <strong>recykl\u00e1ciu (recycle)<\/strong> \u0648 <strong>energetick\u00e9 zhodnotenie (recover)<\/strong>. Pri t\u00fdchto krokoch je potrebn\u00e1 dodato\u010dn\u00e1 energia a materi\u00e1ly na to, aby sa zdroje vr\u00e1tili sp\u00e4\u0165 do ekonomiky.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Geopolitick\u00fd a ekonomick\u00fd imperat\u00edv E\u00da<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Za snahou o rozvoj obehov\u00e9ho hospod\u00e1rstva nestoj\u00ed len environment\u00e1lna nutnos\u0165, ale aj siln\u00fd geopolitick\u00fd imperat\u00edv. Eur\u00f3pska \u00fania je v\u00fdrazne z\u00e1visl\u00e1 od dovozu k\u013e\u00fa\u010dov\u00fdch komod\u00edt. Napr\u00edklad a\u017e 100 % \u0165a\u017ek\u00fdch kovov vz\u00e1cnych zem\u00edn sa dov\u00e1\u017ea z \u010c\u00edny a 71 % eur\u00f3pskej spotreby platiny poch\u00e1dza z Ju\u017enej Afriky. Celkovo E\u00da v roku 2023 doviezla 47,2 % svojich kovov a 73,3 % fos\u00edlnych energetick\u00fdch materi\u00e1lov. S\u00fa\u010dasn\u00e9 geopolitick\u00e9 prostredie, vr\u00e1tane obmedzen\u00ed v dod\u00e1vate\u013esk\u00fdch re\u0165azcoch sp\u00f4soben\u00fdch vojensk\u00fdmi konfliktmi, sp\u00f4sobilo, \u017ee ceny komod\u00edt raketovo vzr\u00e1stli.<\/p>\n<p>V reakcii na to pl\u00e1nuje Eur\u00f3pska komisia prija\u0165 <strong>Z\u00e1kon o obehovom hospod\u00e1rstve (CEA)<\/strong>, ktor\u00fd by mal pom\u00f4c\u0165 E\u00da dosiahnu\u0165 cie\u013e sta\u0165 sa do roku 2030 svetov\u00fdm l\u00eddrom v tejto oblasti. Amb\u00edciou je zdvojn\u00e1sobi\u0165 mieru obehovosti v E\u00da zo s\u00fa\u010dasn\u00fdch hodn\u00f4t na \u00farove\u0148 24 % a vytvori\u0165 siln\u00fd jednotn\u00fd trh s druhotn\u00fdmi surovinami. Ako uviedol Carsten Wachholz z Nad\u00e1cie Ellen MacArthurovej, tento z\u00e1kon predstavuje \u201ekritick\u00fa pr\u00edle\u017eitos\u0165 premeni\u0165 obehov\u00e9 rie\u0161enia z okrajovej ponuky na be\u017en\u00fa trhov\u00fa vo\u013ebu\u201c. Pravidl\u00e1 vytvoren\u00e9 na p\u00f4de E\u00da by pod\u013ea neho mohli definova\u0165 glob\u00e1lne dod\u00e1vate\u013esk\u00e9 re\u0165azce a normy, zni\u017eova\u0165 rizik\u00e1 protekcionizmu a uvo\u013e\u0148ova\u0165 invest\u00edcie po celom svete.<\/p>\n<p>Obehov\u00e1 ekonomika je navy\u0161e lukrat\u00edvnym trhom. U\u017e dnes m\u00e1 glob\u00e1lne hodnotu okolo 700 mili\u00e1rd dol\u00e1rov a v nasleduj\u00facom desa\u0165ro\u010d\u00ed by mohla vzr\u00e1s\u0165 na nieko\u013eko bili\u00f3nov. Taktie\u017e pon\u00faka stabilitu: ako poznamen\u00e1va Thomas Marinelli zo spolo\u010dnosti Signify, pri probl\u00e9moch s ropou cena be\u017en\u00fdch plastov st\u00fapa, no cena recyklovan\u00fdch plastov zost\u00e1va stabiln\u00e1.<\/p>\n<p><strong>K\u013e\u00fa\u010dov\u00e1 rola miest a regi\u00f3nov (R\u00e1mec 3P)<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Transform\u00e1cia sa neudeje len na \u00farovni \u0161t\u00e1tov; \u00fastredn\u00fa \u00falohu zohr\u00e1vaj\u00fa mest\u00e1 a regi\u00f3ny. Svetov\u00e9 mest\u00e1 spotrebuj\u00fa pribli\u017ene 75 % glob\u00e1lnej energie, vygeneruj\u00fa 70 % emisi\u00ed sklen\u00edkov\u00fdch plynov a ich podiel na tvorbe odpadu a spotrebe potrav\u00edn je obrovsk\u00fd. OECD v tejto s\u00favislosti predstavila r\u00e1mec 3P (<strong>People, Policies, Places<\/strong> \u2013 \u013dudia a firmy, Politiky, Miesta), ktor\u00fd zd\u00f4raz\u0148uje potrebu integrovan\u00e9ho pr\u00edstupu:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>\u013dudia a firmy:<\/strong> S\u00fa centrom kult\u00farneho posunu smerom k nov\u00fdm spotrebite\u013esk\u00fdm a obchodn\u00fdm modelom. A\u017e 79 % z 491 osloven\u00fdch ved\u00facich pracovn\u00edkov vo v\u00fdrobe dnes ver\u00ed, \u017ee obehovos\u0165 je pre ich podnikanie \u00faplne k\u013e\u00fa\u010dov\u00e1. Obehov\u00e9 hospod\u00e1rstvo z\u00e1rove\u0148 s\u013eubuje do roku 2030 vytvorenie a\u017e 2,5 mili\u00f3na nov\u00fdch pracovn\u00fdch miest len v E\u00da v sektoroch ako recykl\u00e1cia a opravy.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a:<\/strong> Prechod vy\u017eaduje syst\u00e9mov\u00fd pr\u00edstup, prepojenie environment\u00e1lnych polit\u00edk so zelen\u00fdm verejn\u00fdm obstar\u00e1van\u00edm (GPP) a da\u0148ov\u00fdm zv\u00fdhodnen\u00edm.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Miesta (Lokality):<\/strong> Mest\u00e1 nie s\u00fa izolovan\u00e9. Funguj\u00fa ako priestor pre pr\u00edtok a odtok materi\u00e1lov. Spojenie mestskej spotreby a vidieckej produkcie je pre zatvorenie cyklov nevyhnutn\u00e9. Mnoho eur\u00f3pskych miest u\u017e m\u00e1 vypracovan\u00e9 vlastn\u00e9 strat\u00e9gie \u2013 napr\u00edklad Amsterdam pl\u00e1nuje by\u0165 do roku 2050 stopercentne cirkul\u00e1rnym mestom, a to aj s vyu\u017eit\u00edm modelu tzv. \u201eDoughnut Economics\u201c (Ekonomika \u0161i\u0161ky).<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><strong>Obehov\u00e9 podnikanie a inov\u00e1cie v praxi<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Mno\u017estvo nadn\u00e1rodn\u00fdch spolo\u010dnost\u00ed aj lok\u00e1lnych vl\u00e1d u\u017e dnes ukazuje, \u017ee obehov\u00e9 hospod\u00e1rstvo prin\u00e1\u0161a re\u00e1lne v\u00fdsledky:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Signify (osvetlenie):<\/strong> T\u00e1to spolo\u010dnos\u0165 aplikuje model predl\u017eovania \u017eivotnosti a repasovania. Namiesto neust\u00e1lej v\u00fdroby nov\u00fdch svetiel ber\u00fa sp\u00e4\u0165 star\u00e9 osvet\u013eovacie syst\u00e9my (niektor\u00e9 a\u017e 10 rokov star\u00e9) a modernizuj\u00fa ich. \u0160etria t\u00fdm materi\u00e1lov\u00fd odpad a zni\u017euj\u00fa emisie, \u010do je \u010dasto lacnej\u0161ie ako n\u00e1kup nov\u00fdch produktov. Produkty sa firm\u00e1m prenaj\u00edmaj\u00fa, \u010d\u00edm odpad\u00e1 nutnos\u0165 ve\u013ek\u00fdch po\u010diato\u010dn\u00fdch invest\u00edci\u00ed. Obehovos\u0165 Marinelli vysvet\u013euje jednoducho: \u201eJe to ako detsk\u00e9 Lego. Posklad\u00e1te kocky, m\u00f4\u017eete ich znova rozobra\u0165 a vytvori\u0165 nie\u010do nov\u00e9.\u201c<\/li>\n<li><strong>Carrefour (maloobchod):<\/strong> Vo svojom belgickom obchode nain\u0161talovali 3D tla\u010den\u00e9 svietidl\u00e1 vyroben\u00e9 v\u00fdlu\u010dne z recyklovan\u00fdch plastov\u00fdch flia\u0161. Tento syst\u00e9m sa d\u00e1 na konci prirodzenej \u017eivotnosti \u00faplne rozobra\u0165 a pou\u017ei\u0165 na v\u00fdrobu nov\u00fdch svetiel, \u010do v\u00fdrazne zni\u017euje energetick\u00e9 n\u00e1klady a uhl\u00edkov\u00fa stopu.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Tuborg Havn (Koda\u0148):<\/strong> V D\u00e1nsku preuk\u00e1zali pr\u00ednos renov\u00e1cie na historickom verejnom osvetlen\u00ed. Namiesto toho, aby mesto vyhodilo 80 star\u00fdch pouli\u010dn\u00fdch l\u00e1mp, rozhodlo sa ich vy\u010disti\u0165, opravi\u0165 a integrova\u0165 do nich vysoko\u00fa\u010dinn\u00e9 LED di\u00f3dy. Lampy s\u00fa teraz 3,5-kr\u00e1t \u00fa\u010dinnej\u0161ie, \u010d\u00edm \u0161tvr\u0165 zn\u00ed\u017eila spotrebu energie a zachovala si svoj historick\u00fd r\u00e1z.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Prekon\u00e1vanie prek\u00e1\u017eok pre pln\u00e9 nasadenie<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Cesta k plnohodnotnej obehovej ekonomike v\u0161ak \u010del\u00ed viacer\u00fdm legislat\u00edvnym a finan\u010dn\u00fdm bari\u00e9ram. Nad\u00e1cia Ellen MacArthurovej iniciovala otvoren\u00fd list Eur\u00f3pskej komisii, pod ktor\u00fd sa podp\u00edsalo 12 glob\u00e1lnych zna\u010diek vr\u00e1tane LEGO Group, H&amp;M a Philips. Signat\u00e1ri vyz\u00fdvaj\u00fa z\u00e1konodarcov, aby zjednodu\u0161ili celoeur\u00f3pske pravidl\u00e1, vytvorili da\u0148ov\u00e9 stimuly a podporili budovanie infra\u0161trukt\u00fary, ktor\u00fa sektor potrebuje na svoje roz\u0161\u00edrenie.<\/p>\n<p>Jedn\u00fdm z hlavn\u00fdch probl\u00e9mov s\u00fa napr\u00edklad s\u00fa\u010dasn\u00e9 pravidl\u00e1 pre da\u0148 z pridanej hodnoty (DPH), kv\u00f4li ktor\u00fdm je tovar z druhej ruky (secondhand) zda\u0148ovan\u00fd viackr\u00e1t po\u010das svojej \u017eivotnosti. \u010eal\u0161\u00edm \u00faskal\u00edm nie je nedostatok kapit\u00e1lu, ale sk\u00f4r nespr\u00e1vne nastaven\u00fd rizikov\u00fd profil obehov\u00fdch projektov, \u010do sp\u00f4sobuje, \u017ee mnoh\u00e9 inovat\u00edvne technologick\u00e9 firmy uviaznu vo f\u00e1ze pilotn\u00fdch projektov a nikdy nedosiahnu \u00farove\u0148 priemyseln\u00e9ho nasadenia. Preto je nutn\u00e9 zavedenie platforiem pre druhotn\u00e9 suroviny, aby sa zlep\u0161ila cenov\u00e1 transparentnos\u0165, a digit\u00e1lnych pasov produktov na d\u00f4sledn\u00e9 sledovanie tokov materi\u00e1lov.<\/p>\n<p>Prechod k obehov\u00e9mu hospod\u00e1rstvu nie je len ideologick\u00fdm krokom pre ochranu plan\u00e9ty; stal sa nevyhnutnos\u0165ou z h\u013eadiska dod\u00e1vate\u013eskej bezpe\u010dnosti, zni\u017eovania n\u00e1kladov a budovania odolnosti. Nov\u00e9 eur\u00f3pske politiky a produkty z\u00edskavaj\u00fa priazniv\u00fa odozvu od firiem, ktor\u00e9 vidia v\u00fdhodu v nez\u00e1vislosti od volatiln\u00fdch cien ropy a prim\u00e1rnych surov\u00edn. Bud\u00facnos\u0165, v ktorej bude cirkularita plne zakorenen\u00e1 v spolo\u010dnosti, si vy\u017eiada siln\u00fa podporu vl\u00e1d pri prekon\u00e1van\u00ed regula\u010dn\u00fdch prek\u00e1\u017eok a rozvoji trhov s druhotn\u00fdmi surovinami. V\u0161etky sign\u00e1ly v\u0161ak nazna\u010duj\u00fa, \u017ee tento d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00fd prechod je u\u017e nezastavite\u013ene na ceste. <em><strong>JRi&amp;CO2AI<\/strong><\/em><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0628\u064f\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644 \u062e\u0637\u064a \u0628\u0633\u064a\u0637 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0635\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639 \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0627\u062a: \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0631\u0627\u062c \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629\u060c \u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0639\u0647\u0627\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0635 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627. \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u064f\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0645 &quot;\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0631\u0627\u062c\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0635&quot;.\u201e<\/p>","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[27],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-39355","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-udrzatelnost_uhlikova-neutralita"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.co2news.sk\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/39355","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.co2news.sk\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.co2news.sk\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.co2news.sk\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/7"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.co2news.sk\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=39355"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/www.co2news.sk\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/39355\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":39358,"href":"https:\/\/www.co2news.sk\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/39355\/revisions\/39358"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.co2news.sk\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=39355"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.co2news.sk\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=39355"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.co2news.sk\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=39355"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}