\u064a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0642\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a \u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0623\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0639\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0622\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0645 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0646\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062b\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u062b\u0645 \u062a\u062e\u0632\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645. ukladanie hlboko pod zem. Hoci tento koncept m\u00f4\u017ee na prv\u00fd poh\u013ead znie\u0165 ve\u013emi prakticky a l\u00e1kavo, detailnej\u0161ia anal\u00fdza ukazuje, \u017ee neexistuje re\u00e1lny a myslite\u013en\u00fd sp\u00f4sob, ako by toto rie\u0161enie mohlo v dostato\u010dnom rozsahu fungova\u0165.<\/p>\n
Vplyv fos\u00edlneho priemyslu a nere\u00e1lne o\u010dak\u00e1vania<\/strong><\/p>\n Z\u00e1sadn\u00fdm probl\u00e9mom je samotn\u00fd p\u00f4vod mas\u00edvnej podpory tejto technol\u00f3gie. Ropn\u00e9 spolo\u010dnosti u\u017e viac ako 40 rokov financuj\u00fa na prest\u00ed\u017enych univerzit\u00e1ch v\u00fdskum klimatick\u00fdch \u201erie\u0161en\u00ed\u201c, ktor\u00e9 by od verejnosti nevy\u017eadovali, aby prestala pou\u017e\u00edva\u0165 ropu a plyn<\/strong>. Jedn\u00fdm z ich najob\u013e\u00fabenej\u0161\u00edch rie\u0161en\u00ed je pr\u00e1ve zachyt\u00e1vanie a ukladanie uhl\u00edka (zn\u00e1me pod skratkou CCS). Vy\u0161etrovanie uk\u00e1zalo, \u017ee z\u00e1stancovia tejto technol\u00f3gie dlhodobo ignorovali d\u00f4kazy o jej obmedzeniach, zveli\u010dovali jej potenci\u00e1l a presved\u010dili svet o jej \u00fadajnej efektivite.<\/p>\n Optimizmus prevl\u00e1dol najm\u00e4 preto, \u017ee technol\u00f3gia fungovala v mal\u00fdch testovac\u00edch podmienkach a pomal\u00e1 glob\u00e1lna reakcia na zmenu kl\u00edmy ponechala svetu len m\u00e1lo in\u00fdch mo\u017enost\u00ed. Probl\u00e9mom v\u0161ak je, \u017ee na to, aby CCS fungovalo v moment\u00e1lne pl\u00e1novanom meradle, by svet musel vynalo\u017ei\u0165 takmer nepredstavite\u013en\u00e9 zdroje.<\/p>\n O\u010dak\u00e1vania verzus drsn\u00e1 realita<\/strong><\/p>\n U\u017e v roku 2008 Medzin\u00e1rodn\u00e1 agent\u00fara pre energetiku (IEA) predpovedala, \u017ee na odvr\u00e1tenie nebezpe\u010dn\u00fdch \u00farovn\u00ed glob\u00e1lneho otep\u013eovania budeme musie\u0165 do roku 2025 ro\u010dne pochov\u00e1va\u0165 pribli\u017ene 1,6 miliardy ton (1 600 megaton) CO2. Tieto optimistick\u00e9 progn\u00f3zy pokra\u010dovali, av\u0161ak skuto\u010dn\u00e9 nasadenie technol\u00f3gie sa k t\u00fdmto amb\u00edci\u00e1m nikdy ani len nepribl\u00ed\u017eilo. V s\u00fa\u010dasnosti sa celosvetovo trvalo uklad\u00e1 menej CO2, ne\u017e vyprodukuje jedna jedin\u00e1 ve\u013ek\u00e1 elektr\u00e1re\u0148 za rok<\/strong>.<\/p>\n Niektor\u00ed odborn\u00edci argumentuj\u00fa t\u00fdm, \u017ee technol\u00f3gia funguje, pri\u010dom poukazuj\u00fa na CO2 vtl\u00e1\u010dan\u00e9 do zeme s cie\u013eom u\u013eah\u010di\u0165 \u0165a\u017ebu ropy. Tento proces, naz\u00fdvan\u00fd zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00e1 \u0165a\u017eba ropy (enhanced oil recovery), v\u0161ak nie je navrhnut\u00fd tak, aby fungoval ako trval\u00e9 klimatick\u00e9 rie\u0161enie, a rovnako nie je ani tak pr\u00edsne monitorovan\u00fd.<\/p>\n Nepredstavite\u013en\u00e9 n\u00e1roky na priestor a infra\u0161trukt\u00faru<\/strong><\/p>\n S\u00fa\u010dasn\u00e9 modely OSN, od ktor\u00fdch z\u00e1vis\u00ed splnenie klimatick\u00fdch cie\u013eov, predpokladaj\u00fa, \u017ee t\u00e1to technol\u00f3gia bude mas\u00edvne \u00faspe\u0161n\u00e1. Najnov\u0161ie anal\u00fdzy OSN nazna\u010duj\u00fa, \u017ee krajiny by mali do polovice tohto storo\u010dia vstrekova\u0165 pod zem a\u017e 6 mili\u00e1rd ton CO2 ro\u010dne<\/strong>. Dosta\u0165 tak\u00e9to obrovsk\u00e9 mno\u017estvo CO2 z atmosf\u00e9ry je v\u0161ak obrovsk\u00e1 a zrejme nesplnite\u013en\u00e1 \u00faloha.<\/p>\n Aby to v\u00f4bec bolo mo\u017en\u00e9, museli by sme CO2 zachyt\u00e1va\u0165 \u0161tyrmi r\u00f4znymi sp\u00f4sobmi: zachyt\u00e1va\u0165 ho z kom\u00ednov, absorbova\u0165 ho zo vzduchu pomocou r\u00fdchlorast\u00facich tr\u00e1v alebo stromov (a n\u00e1sledne ho zachyt\u00e1va\u0165 pri ich spa\u013eovan\u00ed na palivo) a filtrova\u0165 ho priamo zo vzduchu pomocou obrovsk\u00fdch ventil\u00e1torov. Museli by sme prida\u0165 zachyt\u00e1vacie zariadenia do priemyseln\u00fdch podnikov a elektr\u00e1rn\u00ed, \u010do by v niektor\u00fdch pr\u00edpadoch zdvojn\u00e1sobilo ich rozlohu.<\/p>\n Okrem toho by sme museli po celom svete vy\u010dleni\u0165 pribli\u017ene 768 000 \u0161tvorcov\u00fdch m\u00ed\u013e p\u00f4dy na pestovanie rastl\u00edn absorbuj\u00facich uhl\u00edk<\/strong>. T\u00e1to plocha, ve\u013ek\u00e1 zhruba ako cel\u00e9 Mexiko, by priamo konkurovala cennej p\u00f4de potrebnej na pestovanie potrav\u00edn alebo na udr\u017eanie prirodzen\u00fdch lesov.<\/p>\n Ak by sa aj uhl\u00edk podarilo zachyti\u0165, nasleduje probl\u00e9m s jeho prepravou. Len v USA by to do nie\u010do vy\u0161e dvoch desa\u0165ro\u010d\u00ed vy\u017eadovalo vybudovanie viac ako 68 000 m\u00ed\u013e nov\u00fdch ropovodov a plynovodov<\/strong>. To je viac ako dvojn\u00e1sobok vzdialenosti letu okolo Zeme a celkov\u00e1 d\u013a\u017eka by prev\u00fd\u0161ila d\u013a\u017eku cel\u00e9ho americk\u00e9ho dia\u013eni\u010dn\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu. V glob\u00e1lnom meradle by i\u0161lo o stovky tis\u00edc m\u00ed\u013e potrub\u00ed. Na prepravu vysokotlakov\u00e9ho plynu cez oce\u00e1ny by sme potrebovali najmenej 85 \u0161peci\u00e1lne postaven\u00fdch tankerov, pri\u010dom v apr\u00edli existovali na celom svete iba tri tak\u00e9to lode.<\/p>\n \u00dalo\u017eisk\u00e1, technick\u00e9 zlyhania a astronomick\u00e9 n\u00e1klady<\/strong><\/p>\n Dnes na svete existuje len 12 ve\u013ekokapacitn\u00fdch geologick\u00fdch rezervo\u00e1rov, ktor\u00e9 sa pok\u00fasili natrvalo ulo\u017ei\u0165 zne\u010distenie z CO2. Aby sme v\u0161ak dosiahli cie\u013e 6 mili\u00e1rd ton, potrebovali by sme viac ako 2 000 tak\u00fdchto rezervo\u00e1rov. V praxi by to znamenalo, \u017ee by sme museli na plan\u00e9te otvori\u0165 nov\u00e9 geologick\u00e9 \u00falo\u017eisko ka\u017ed\u00e9 \u0161tyri dni po\u010das nasleduj\u00facich 25 rokov<\/strong>. Z ka\u017edej lokality by sa navy\u0161e muselo vykon\u00e1va\u0165 nepretr\u017eit\u00e9 desa\u0165ro\u010dia trvaj\u00face monitorovanie, aby sa zabr\u00e1nilo \u00fanikom.<\/p>\n Existuj\u00face testovacie projekty v\u00f4bec nenazna\u010duj\u00fa, \u017ee by ukladanie uhl\u00edka pod zem mohlo fungova\u0165 vo ve\u013ekom meradle. Od roku 1996, kedy bolo spusten\u00fdch 12 ve\u013ek\u00fdch projektov, boli pl\u00e1ny na \u010fal\u0161\u00edch 12 zru\u0161en\u00e9. Mnoh\u00e9 funguj\u00face zariadenia v N\u00f3rsku, Al\u017e\u00edrsku, Austr\u00e1lii a USA \u010delia obrovsk\u00fdm technick\u00fdm probl\u00e9mom. Zistilo sa napr\u00edklad, \u017ee niektor\u00e9 vrstvy horn\u00edn dok\u00e1\u017eu po\u0148a\u0165 ove\u013ea menej CO2, ne\u017e sa odhadovalo. Potrubia a vstrekovacie syst\u00e9my sa upch\u00e1vaj\u00fa alebo kazia. Hornina, ktor\u00e1 m\u00e1 CO2 izolova\u0165, m\u00f4\u017ee praskn\u00fa\u0165 a sp\u00f4sobi\u0165 \u00fanik. V jednom pr\u00edpade dokonca vtla\u010den\u00fd CO2 sp\u00f4sobil vydutie povrchu zeme, v inom zas CO2 unikol z ne\u010falek\u00e9ho star\u00e9ho ropn\u00e9ho vrtu.<\/p>\n Realiz\u00e1cia tak\u00e9hoto rie\u0161enia by st\u00e1la desiatky bili\u00f3nov dol\u00e1rov. V s\u00fa\u010dasnosti da\u0148ov\u00ed poplatn\u00edci v USA platia ropn\u00fdm a plyn\u00e1rensk\u00fdm spolo\u010dnostiam 85 dol\u00e1rov za ka\u017ed\u00fa metrick\u00fa tonu, ktor\u00fa ulo\u017eia pod zem. Pri takomto tempe by svet mohol do roku 2050 m\u00ed\u0148a\u0165 pol bili\u00f3na dol\u00e1rov ro\u010dne<\/strong>. Na porovnanie, t\u00e1to suma v\u00fdrazne prevy\u0161uje vojensk\u00fd rozpo\u010det \u010c\u00edny na rok 2025 (340 mili\u00e1rd dol\u00e1rov) a je desa\u0165kr\u00e1t vy\u0161\u0161ia ako cel\u00fd rozpo\u010det OSN na humanit\u00e1rnu a rozvojov\u00fa pomoc na rok 2024 (50 mili\u00e1rd dol\u00e1rov).<\/p>\n Ignorovanie skuto\u010dn\u00fdch rie\u0161en\u00ed<\/strong><\/p>\n Mnoh\u00ed klimatick\u00ed experti vedia o t\u00fdchto n\u00e1kladoch, technick\u00fdch probl\u00e9moch a zlyhaniach. Napriek tomu technol\u00f3giu CCS na\u010falej propaguj\u00fa, zatia\u013e \u010do bagatelizuj\u00fa rie\u0161enia s re\u00e1lne v\u00e4\u010d\u0161\u00edm \u00faspechom. T\u00ed ist\u00ed model\u00e1ri, ktor\u00ed systematicky nadhodnocovali potenci\u00e1l geologick\u00e9ho ukladania uhl\u00edka, napr\u00edklad opakovane podce\u0148ovali sol\u00e1rnu energiu \u2013 technol\u00f3giu, ktor\u00e1 by re\u00e1lne umo\u017enila, aby v zemi zostalo viac ropy. Fakty s\u00fa v\u0161ak jasn\u00e9: po\u010das posledn\u00fdch desa\u0165ro\u010d\u00ed je pr\u00e1ve sol\u00e1rna energia technol\u00f3giou, ktor\u00e1 v praxi skuto\u010dne uspela a prosperuje, k\u00fdm mas\u00edvne zachyt\u00e1vanie a ukladanie uhl\u00edka zost\u00e1va len nepolapite\u013enou a mimoriadne drahou il\u00faziou. JRi&CO2AI<\/strong><\/em><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0642\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a \u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0623\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0639\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0622\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0645 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0646\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062b\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u062b\u0645 \u062a\u062e\u0632\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-39336","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-znizovanie_co2_cdr_ccs_ccu_dac"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.co2news.sk\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/39336","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.co2news.sk\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.co2news.sk\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.co2news.sk\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/7"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.co2news.sk\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=39336"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/www.co2news.sk\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/39336\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":39339,"href":"https:\/\/www.co2news.sk\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/39336\/revisions\/39339"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.co2news.sk\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=39336"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.co2news.sk\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=39336"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.co2news.sk\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=39336"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}