{"id":39189,"date":"2026-05-11T18:33:41","date_gmt":"2026-05-11T16:33:41","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.co2news.sk\/?p=39189"},"modified":"2026-05-11T18:34:35","modified_gmt":"2026-05-11T16:34:35","slug":"priroda-ako-nasa-najlepsia-klimaticka-poistka","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.co2news.sk\/ar\/2026\/05\/11\/priroda-ako-nasa-najlepsia-klimaticka-poistka\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u062a\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e\u064a \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u062a\u062e\u064a\u0651\u0644 \u0635\u0628\u0627\u062d \u062e\u0645\u064a\u0633 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0647\u0631 \u0641\u0628\u0631\u0627\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062a\u062f\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0637\u0631 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u062a\u0627\u062f\u060c \u064a\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0641\u062c\u0623\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u0627\u0628\u0648\u0633. \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0628\u0637 \u0645\u0627 \u062d\u062f\u062b \u0644\u0632\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0644\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628 \u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u0627 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u0636\u0631\u0628\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0629 \u0646\u064a\u0644\u0632\u060c \u0641\u062f\u0645\u0631\u062a \u0645\u0646\u0632\u0644\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062f\u0645\u064a\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u064b. Strecha ich domu bola odtrhnut\u00e1, vynesen\u00e1 sedem metrov do vzduchu a odhoden\u00e1 o desa\u0165 metrov \u010falej, ako keby i\u0161lo o hurik\u00e1n, ktor\u00fd si zm\u00fdlil nielen svoju trasu, ale aj ro\u010dn\u00e9 obdobie. Aj ke\u010f man\u017eelia vyviazli bez zranen\u00ed, zo d\u0148a na de\u0148 sa ocitli bez domova. V rovnakom \u010dase v Portugalsku sp\u00f4sobili siln\u00e9 da\u017ede a z\u00e1plavy a\u017e 16 \u00famrt\u00ed, ktor\u00e9 boli priamo alebo nepriamo spojen\u00e9 s tou istou b\u00farkou. V meste Coimbra sa vyliala rieka Mondego, \u010do prin\u00fatilo 3 000 \u013eud\u00ed k evaku\u00e1cii a viedlo k odst\u00fapeniu ministra vn\u00fatra. Hoci je febru\u00e1r a nach\u00e1dzame sa v miernom podnebnom p\u00e1sme, katastrofy v stredomorskej oblasti sa odv\u00edjaj\u00fa tak, akoby bol august niekde v Karibiku.<\/p>\n

Glob\u00e1lne teploty u\u017e st\u00fapli pribli\u017ene o 1,1 \u00b0C v porovnan\u00ed s predindustri\u00e1lnym obdob\u00edm<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

Medzivl\u00e1dny panel pre zmenu kl\u00edmy (IPCC) s vysokou istotou kon\u0161tatuje, \u017ee zmena kl\u00edmy zvy\u0161uje frekvenciu aj intenzitu siln\u00fdch zr\u00e1\u017eok v Eur\u00f3pe. V niektor\u00fdch regi\u00f3noch sa intenzita extr\u00e9mnych zr\u00e1\u017eok za posledn\u00fdch 50 rokov zv\u00fd\u0161ila a\u017e o 22 %, \u010do v\u00fdrazne zvy\u0161uje riziko z\u00e1plav v zranite\u013en\u00fdch oblastiach.<\/p>\n

Tieto alarmuj\u00face udalosti<\/span><\/a><\/em> nasto\u013euj\u00fa jasn\u00fa ot\u00e1zku: m\u00f4\u017eeme sa e\u0161te st\u00e1le sna\u017ei\u0165 skroti\u0165 pr\u00edrodu pomocou tradi\u010dn\u00fdch met\u00f3d? Pod\u013ea Medzin\u00e1rodnej \u00fanie na ochranu pr\u00edrody a pr\u00edrodn\u00fdch zdrojov (IUCN) by sme sa mali zamera\u0165 na rie\u0161enia zalo\u017een\u00e9 na pr\u00edrode (Nature-based solutions – NbS)<\/strong>. Ide o opatrenia zameran\u00e9 na ochranu, udr\u017eate\u013en\u00e9 riadenie a obnovu pr\u00edrodn\u00fdch alebo upraven\u00fdch ekosyst\u00e9mov, ktor\u00e9 efekt\u00edvne a adapt\u00edvne rie\u0161ia spolo\u010densk\u00e9 v\u00fdzvy, pri\u010dom s\u00fa\u010dasne prin\u00e1\u0161aj\u00fa v\u00fdhody pre \u013eudsk\u00e9 blaho a biodiverzitu. Hans Brouwer z holandsk\u00e9ho \u00faradu Rijkswaterstaat to vystihol presne, ke\u010f povedal, \u017ee \u201eZem a pr\u00edroda v\u017edy zv\u00ed\u0165azia\u201c a vzdorova\u0165 pr\u00edrodn\u00fdm sil\u00e1m tam, kde s\u00fa najsilnej\u0161ie, je zbyto\u010dn\u00e9.<\/p>\n

Holandsko, krajina historicky vystaven\u00e1 z\u00e1plav\u00e1m, je priekopn\u00edkom tohto pr\u00edstupu. V reakcii na ni\u010div\u00e9 z\u00e1plavy z rokov 1993 a 1995, ktor\u00e9 vys\u00eddlili 220 000 \u013eud\u00ed, vl\u00e1da v roku 2000 spustila mas\u00edvny n\u00e1rodn\u00fd program \u201ePriestor pre rieku\u201c (Room for the River). Tento program sa realizoval v rokoch 2006 a\u017e 2019 s celkov\u00fdmi n\u00e1kladmi 2,3 miliardy eur. Namiesto nekone\u010dn\u00e9ho a ekologicky problematick\u00e9ho zvy\u0161ovania hr\u00e1dz\u00ed na m\u00e4kk\u00fdch ra\u0161elinov\u00fdch p\u00f4dach sa in\u017einieri rozhodli da\u0165 riekam viac priestoru. Vytvorili reten\u010dn\u00e9 oblasti pozd\u013a\u017e povod\u00ed riek R\u00fdn, M\u00e1sa, Waal a IJssel, ktor\u00e9 dok\u00e1\u017eu bezpe\u010dne poja\u0165 prietoky a\u017e do 16 000 m\u00b3 za sekundu v r\u00e1mci pr\u00edpravy na klimatick\u00e9 zmeny. Tento projekt vytvoril pribli\u017ene 2 000 hekt\u00e1rov nov\u00fdch pr\u00edrodn\u00fdch oblast\u00ed vo viac ako 30 lokalit\u00e1ch<\/strong> a poskytol ochranu pred povod\u0148ami, ktor\u00e1 by mala vydr\u017ea\u0165 pribli\u017ene do roku 2050. Dnes u\u017e v\u0161ak prebieha aj program \u201eRoom for the River 2.0\u201c, ke\u010f\u017ee p\u00f4vodn\u00e9 pl\u00e1ny \u00faplne nepredv\u00eddali d\u00f4sledky zmeny kl\u00edmy, ako s\u00fa klesaj\u00face hladiny v\u00f4d a zriedkavej\u0161ie zaplavovanie, \u010do zhor\u0161uje ekologick\u00fa kvalitu \u00fazem\u00ed.<\/p>\n

S\u00falad s pr\u00edrodou za \u00fa\u010delom ochrany komun\u00edt a kritickej infra\u0161trukt\u00fary je takisto hlavn\u00fdm cie\u013eom eur\u00f3pskeho projektu NBSINFRA, ktor\u00fd bude prebieha\u0165 do augusta 2026. Tento inovat\u00edvny projekt sk\u00fama, ako chr\u00e1ni\u0165 mestsk\u00fa kritick\u00fa infra\u0161trukt\u00faru pred pr\u00edrodn\u00fdmi aj \u010dlovekom sp\u00f4soben\u00fdmi hrozbami prostredn\u00edctvom spolo\u010dn\u00e9ho navrhovania a monitorovania rie\u0161en\u00ed s komunitami v piatich \u201emestsk\u00fdch laborat\u00f3ri\u00e1ch\u201c: Fingal (\u00cdrsko), Kol\u00edn nad R\u00fdnom (Nemecko), Ruse (Bulharsko), Aveiro (Portugalsko) a Praha (\u010cesko).<\/p>\n

V nemeckom Kol\u00edne nad R\u00fdnom v\u00fdskumn\u00edci dokumentuj\u00fa v\u00fdhody t\u00fdchto rie\u0161en\u00ed v praxi. Mesto za\u017eilo ve\u013ek\u00e9 z\u00e1plavy R\u00fdna v 90. rokoch a z\u00e1plavy v povodiach Wupper a Erft v roku 2021. V reakcii na to Kol\u00ednsky \u00farad pre odvodnenie (StEB K\u00f6ln) zrealizoval sie\u0165 opatren\u00ed, v\u010faka ktor\u00fdm je dnes v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ina mesta chr\u00e1nen\u00e1 pred povod\u0148ami s a\u017e 200-ro\u010dnou dobou n\u00e1vratnosti<\/strong>. V\u00fdskumn\u00edci Ali Barrett a Christopher Munschauer vysvet\u013euj\u00fa, \u017ee rie\u0161enia zalo\u017een\u00e9 na pr\u00edrode nepon\u00fakaj\u00fa len ochranu, ale dok\u00e1\u017eu filtrova\u0165 zne\u010distenie, zachov\u00e1va\u0165 biodiverzitu a poskytova\u0165 ob\u010danom priestor na vo\u013eno\u010dasov\u00e9 aktivity. Navy\u0161e, v\u010faka pr\u00edtomnosti stromov a veget\u00e1cie poskytuj\u00fa mest\u00e1m chladiv\u00fd efekt a zmier\u0148uj\u00fa teploty.<\/p>\n

D\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e9 je pochopi\u0165, \u017ee nejde o s\u00fa\u0165a\u017e medzi tradi\u010dnou (sivou) infra\u0161trukt\u00farou a zelenou infra\u0161trukt\u00farou. V\u00fdskumn\u00edci tvrdia, \u017ee ochrana miest vy\u017eaduje kombin\u00e1ciu oboch pr\u00edstupov<\/strong> a dilemou je sk\u00f4r v\u00fdber medzi t\u00fdm, \u010di budeme investova\u0165 do prevencie, alebo nebudeme robi\u0165 ni\u010d. Prevencia si vy\u017eaduje okam\u017eit\u00e9 n\u00e1klady na budovanie a \u00fadr\u017ebu, ale katastrofa predstavuje jednorazov\u00fa udalos\u0165, ktor\u00e1 prin\u00e1\u0161a nielen obrovsk\u00e9 finan\u010dn\u00e9 straty, ale aj zni\u010denie \u017eivotov. Prevent\u00edvne opatrenia preto funguj\u00fa podobne ako poistka s celoro\u010dn\u00fdmi pr\u00ednosmi pre blaho \u013eud\u00ed, fauny aj fl\u00f3ry.<\/p>\n

Ako \u010fal\u0161\u00ed pr\u00edklad sl\u00fa\u017ei mestsk\u00e9 laborat\u00f3rium v \u00edrskom meste Swords, ktor\u00e9 \u010del\u00ed r\u00fdchlemu rastu popul\u00e1cie a je n\u00e1chyln\u00e9 na z\u00e1plavy. P\u00f4vodne pl\u00e1novan\u00fd zelen\u00fd p\u00e1s okolo mesta, ktor\u00fd mal prim\u00e1rne zlep\u0161i\u0165 kvalitu \u017eivota po\u010das mestskej expanzie, sa teraz sk\u00fama z h\u013eadiska jeho schopnosti sl\u00fa\u017ei\u0165 ako priestor na zadr\u017eiavanie vody po\u010das povodn\u00ed. Beatriz Martinez-Pastor z University College Dublin zd\u00f4raz\u0148uje, \u017ee dobre navrhnut\u00e9 pr\u00edrodn\u00e9 rie\u0161enia m\u00f4\u017eu v\u00fdrazne zn\u00ed\u017ei\u0165 objem povod\u0148ov\u00fdch v\u00f4d<\/strong>, a t\u00fdm minimalizova\u0165 rozsah a dopad in\u017einierskych protipovod\u0148ov\u00fdch stavieb. Z\u00e1sadn\u00fdm prvkom tohto pilotn\u00e9ho projektu je spolupr\u00e1ca a navrhovanie s verejnos\u0165ou. Mnoho \u013eud\u00ed sa toti\u017e st\u00e1le ob\u00e1va, \u017ee zelen\u00e9 rie\u0161enia nebud\u00fa dostato\u010dne odoln\u00e9 vo\u010di \u017eivlom, preto je particip\u00e1cia ob\u010danov na tvorbe n\u00e1vrhov k\u013e\u00fa\u010dov\u00e1 pre ich prijatie.<\/p>\n

Pri presadzovan\u00ed pr\u00edrodn\u00fdch rie\u0161en\u00ed zohr\u00e1va k\u013e\u00fa\u010dov\u00fa \u00falohu aj miestna hist\u00f3ria a kolekt\u00edvna pam\u00e4\u0165. Hans Brouwer pripom\u00edna, \u017ee kult\u00fara, hist\u00f3ria a amb\u00edcie \u013eud\u00ed v danej oblasti musia by\u0165 \u00fazko prepojen\u00e9 s navrhovan\u00fdmi opatreniami. V Holandsku napr\u00edklad v 80. rokoch minul\u00e9ho storo\u010dia \u013eudia nevn\u00edmali ako hlavn\u00fa hrozbu rieky, ale more a jeho b\u00farky. Neochota rod\u00edn \u017eij\u00facich v ur\u010den\u00fdch z\u00e1plavov\u00fdch oblastiach sa tam nakoniec prekonala a\u017e v\u010faka dial\u00f3gu a ekonomick\u00fdm z\u00e1ruk\u00e1m zo strany vl\u00e1dy.<\/p>\n

Okrem lok\u00e1lneho kontextu v\u0161ak odborn\u00edci upozor\u0148uj\u00fa na \u010fal\u0161iu prek\u00e1\u017eku, ktorou nie s\u00fa ch\u00fdbaj\u00face technick\u00e9 znalosti, ale samotn\u00e1 realiz\u00e1cia a riadenie (governance). Odborn\u00edk na NbS z Berl\u00edna upozor\u0148uje, \u017ee v s\u00fa\u010dasnosti s\u00fa pr\u00edrodn\u00e9 rie\u0161enia \u010dasto vn\u00edman\u00e9 len ako \u201enie\u010do pekn\u00e9, \u010do by sme mohli ma\u0165\u201c. Bez n\u00e1rodnej legislat\u00edvy z\u00e1vis\u00ed implement\u00e1cia pr\u00edrodn\u00fdch rie\u0161en\u00ed v\u00fdlu\u010dne od politickej v\u00f4le<\/strong>, ktor\u00e1 sa v r\u00f4znych regi\u00f3noch l\u00ed\u0161i. Rie\u0161enia zalo\u017een\u00e9 na pr\u00edrode si vy\u017eaduj\u00fa medziodborov\u00fa spolupr\u00e1cu, no mnoh\u00e9 in\u0161tit\u00facie nie s\u00fa \u0161truktur\u00e1lne prisp\u00f4soben\u00e9 na tak\u00fato integr\u00e1ciu, pri\u010dom kr\u00e1tkodob\u00e9 financovanie priamo nar\u00fa\u0161a dlhodob\u00e9 pl\u00e1novanie.<\/p>\n

V \u010dase, ke\u010f zimn\u00e9 b\u00farky odtrh\u00e1vaj\u00fa strechy z domov a rieky sa vlievaj\u00fa do ul\u00edc po\u010das nezvy\u010dajne miernych ro\u010dn\u00fdch obdob\u00ed, sa cena za na\u0161u ne\u010dinnos\u0165 st\u00e1va u\u017e hmatate\u013enou realitou. Odborn\u00edci sa zhoduj\u00fa, \u017ee z\u00e1v\u00e4zn\u00fd n\u00e1rodn\u00fd r\u00e1mec, podporen\u00fd eur\u00f3pskou regul\u00e1ciou, by mohol \u00faradn\u00edkom zabr\u00e1ni\u0165 v tom, aby sa ich \u00fasilie zmenilo na sizyfovsk\u00fa pr\u00e1cu. Ot\u00e1zkou u\u017e toti\u017e nie je, \u010di rie\u0161enia zalo\u017een\u00e9 na pr\u00edrode funguj\u00fa, ale \u010di dok\u00e1\u017ee na\u0161e vl\u00e1dnutie a administrat\u00edva dr\u017ea\u0165 krok s tak r\u00fdchlo sa meniacou kl\u00edmou. JRi&CO2AI<\/strong><\/em><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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