\u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0646\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0637\u0642\u0633\u0627\u064b \u0634\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u062a\u0646\u0627 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0634\u0647\u0631 \u0641\u0628\u0631\u0627\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0648\u0627\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u062a\u064f\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0642\u0648\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0632\u0627\u064a\u062f. \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u0631\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0639\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0629 \u0646\u064a\u0644\u0632\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0636\u0631\u0628\u062a \u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628 \u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0637\u0642\u0633 \u0645\u0639\u062a\u062f\u0644 \u0648\u0645\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629. febru\u00e1ri doslova odtrhla strechu domu, vyniesla ju sedem metrov do vzduchu a odhodila o desa\u0165 metrov \u010falej. V tom istom \u010dase siln\u00e9 da\u017ede a z\u00e1plavy v Portugalsku viedli k 16 obetiam a don\u00fatili 3 000 \u013eud\u00ed k evaku\u00e1cii po tom, \u010do sa rieka Mondego vyliala z brehov.<\/p>\n
Glob\u00e1lne teploty u\u017e st\u00fapli o pribli\u017ene 1,1 \u00b0C v porovnan\u00ed s predindustri\u00e1lnou \u00e9rou, \u010do pod\u013ea Medzivl\u00e1dneho panelu pre zmenu kl\u00edmy (IPCC) s vysokou istotou vedie k vy\u0161\u0161ej frekvencii a intenzite extr\u00e9mnych zr\u00e1\u017eok v Eur\u00f3pe. V niektor\u00fdch regi\u00f3noch sa intenzita extr\u00e9mnych zr\u00e1\u017eok za posledn\u00fdch 50 rokov zv\u00fd\u0161ila a\u017e o 22 %, \u010do radik\u00e1lne zvy\u0161uje riziko povodn\u00ed v zranite\u013en\u00fdch oblastiach. Tv\u00e1rou v tv\u00e1r t\u00fdmto zmen\u00e1m tradi\u010dn\u00e9 bet\u00f3nov\u00e9 a in\u017einierske obrann\u00e9 syst\u00e9my za\u010d\u00ednaj\u00fa nar\u00e1\u017ea\u0165 na svoje limity. Rie\u0161en\u00edm tohto probl\u00e9mu, ktor\u00e9 namiesto boja s pr\u00edrodou vyu\u017e\u00edva jej vlastn\u00fa silu, s\u00fa takzvan\u00e9 rie\u0161enia zalo\u017een\u00e9 na pr\u00edrode (Nature-based Solutions – NbS)<\/strong>. Pod\u013ea Medzin\u00e1rodnej \u00fanie na ochranu pr\u00edrody (IUCN) ide o opatrenia, ktor\u00e9 chr\u00e1nia, udr\u017eate\u013ene riadia a obnovuj\u00fa ekosyst\u00e9my tak, aby efekt\u00edvne rie\u0161ili spolo\u010densk\u00e9 v\u00fdzvy a z\u00e1rove\u0148 prin\u00e1\u0161ali benefity pre blaho \u013eud\u00ed a podporovali biodiverzitu.<\/p>\n Limity bet\u00f3nu: Pre\u010do mus\u00edme vytvori\u0165 priestor pre pr\u00edrodu<\/strong><\/p>\n \u201eZem a pr\u00edroda v\u017edy zv\u00ed\u0165azia,\u201c tvrd\u00ed Hans Brouwer z holandskej agent\u00fary Rijkswaterstaat a pripom\u00edna, \u017ee vzdorova\u0165 pr\u00edrodn\u00fdm sil\u00e1m tam, kde s\u00fa najsilnej\u0161ie, je zbyto\u010dn\u00e9. Holandsko, krajina historicky v\u00fdrazne ohrozovan\u00e1 z\u00e1plavami, si t\u00fdmto precitnut\u00edm pre\u0161lo v 90. rokoch. Po mas\u00edvnych povodniach v rokoch 1993 a 1995, ktor\u00e9 si vy\u017eiadali vys\u00eddlenie 220 000 \u013eud\u00ed, pri\u0161li in\u017einieri na to, \u017ee strat\u00e9gia neust\u00e1leho zvy\u0161ovania hr\u00e1dz\u00ed na m\u00e4kk\u00fdch ra\u0161elinov\u00fdch p\u00f4dach je technicky a environment\u00e1lne neudr\u017eate\u013en\u00e1. Pr\u00edpadn\u00e9 pretrhnutie takto vysok\u00fdch bari\u00e9r by navy\u0161e sp\u00f4sobilo e\u0161te katastrof\u00e1lnej\u0161ie \u0161kody.<\/p>\n Odpove\u010fou Holandska bol mas\u00edvny n\u00e1rodn\u00fd program Priestor pre rieku (Room for the River)<\/strong>, do ktor\u00e9ho vl\u00e1da v rokoch 2006 a\u017e 2019 investovala 2,3 miliardy eur. Cie\u013eom 34 vybran\u00fdch projektov na riekach R\u00fdn, M\u00e1sa, Waal a IJssel bolo bezpe\u010dne po\u0148a\u0165 prietoky a\u017e do 16 000 m\u00b3 za sekundu. V\u010faka vytvoreniu reten\u010dn\u00fdch oblast\u00ed a pribli\u017ene 2 000 hekt\u00e1rov nov\u00fdch pr\u00edrodn\u00fdch \u00fazem\u00ed z\u00edskala krajina ochranu pred povod\u0148ami predikovan\u00fa pribli\u017ene do roku 2050. Odborn\u00edci dnes s\u00edce pripravuj\u00fa verziu „2.0“, aby sa vysporiadali s ne\u010dakan\u00fdm poklesom hlad\u00edn v\u00f4d a zhor\u0161uj\u00facou sa ekologickou kvalitou z\u00e1plavov\u00fdch \u00fazem\u00ed v d\u00f4sledku zmeny kl\u00edmy, no samotn\u00fd pr\u00edstup spoliehania sa na pr\u00edrodu pova\u017euj\u00fa za spr\u00e1vny a sebesta\u010dn\u00fd.<\/p>\n Ochrana miest a nenahradite\u013en\u00e9 dodato\u010dn\u00e9 benefity<\/strong><\/p>\n NbS maj\u00fa obrovsk\u00fd v\u00fdznam pri ochrane mestskej infra\u0161trukt\u00fary, \u010do sk\u00fama aj eur\u00f3psky projekt NBSINFRA. V nemeckom Kol\u00edne nad R\u00fdnom v\u00fdskumn\u00edci Ali Barrett a Christopher Munschauer dokumentuj\u00fa \u00faspech integr\u00e1cie pr\u00edrodn\u00fdch rie\u0161en\u00ed. Mesto po ni\u010div\u00fdch povodniach z 90. rokov implementovalo s\u00e9riu opatren\u00ed, v\u010faka ktor\u00fdm je dnes chr\u00e1nen\u00e9 aj pred takzvanou 200-ro\u010dnou vodou. V meste boli zachovan\u00e9 a obnoven\u00e9 z\u00e1plavov\u00e9 \u00fazemia, ktor\u00e9 umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00fa, aby men\u0161ie povodne prebehli bez v\u00fdraznej\u0161ieho naru\u0161enia chodu mesta.<\/p>\n K\u013e\u00fa\u010dov\u00fdm v\u00fdznamom NbS s\u00fa v\u0161ak ich dodato\u010dn\u00e9 celoro\u010dn\u00e9 benefity (co-benefits)<\/strong>. Tieto rie\u0161enia funguj\u00fa ako prirodzen\u00e9 filtre zne\u010distenia, vytv\u00e1raj\u00fa \u00fato\u010disk\u00e1 pre zvierat\u00e1, zachov\u00e1vaj\u00fa lok\u00e1lnu biodiverzitu a poskytuj\u00fa mestsk\u00e9mu obyvate\u013estvu atrakt\u00edvne priestory na beh, prech\u00e1dzky a relax. Stromy a veget\u00e1cia navy\u0161e poskytuj\u00fa cenn\u00fd chladiaci efekt, ktor\u00fd zmier\u0148uje vysok\u00e9 teploty v prehriatych mest\u00e1ch. Pod\u013ea v\u00fdskumn\u00edkov v\u00f4bec nejde o s\u00faboj medzi sivou a zelenou infra\u0161trukt\u00farou, ale o nevyhnutnos\u0165 prevencie. Pr\u00edrodn\u00e9 rie\u0161enia sl\u00fa\u017eia doslova ako klimatick\u00e1 poistka<\/strong>, ktor\u00e1 chr\u00e1ni majetok pred n\u00e1razov\u00fdmi katastrofami a po\u010das cel\u00e9ho roka zlep\u0161uje kvalitu \u017eivota fauny, fl\u00f3ry aj samotn\u00fdch \u013eud\u00ed.<\/p>\n \u00daloha komunity: Spolo\u010dn\u00fd n\u00e1vrh a lok\u00e1lna pam\u00e4\u0165<\/strong><\/p>\n Ako sme u\u017e podrobnej\u0161ie rozoberali v na\u0161ej predch\u00e1dzaj\u00facej konverz\u00e1cii, \u017eiadne z t\u00fdchto rie\u0161en\u00ed nem\u00f4\u017ee dlhodobo fungova\u0165 bez podpory obyvate\u013estva. V \u00edrskom meste Swords, ktor\u00e9 z\u00e1pas\u00ed s r\u00fdchlym popula\u010dn\u00fdm rastom a ohrozen\u00edm z\u00e1plavami, testuj\u00fa zriadenie zelen\u00e9ho p\u00e1su okolo mesta. Predbe\u017en\u00e9 zistenia ukazuj\u00fa, \u017ee dobre navrhnut\u00e9 NbS m\u00f4\u017eu v tejto lokalite v\u00fdrazne zn\u00ed\u017ei\u0165 objem povod\u0148ov\u00fdch v\u00f4d a minimalizova\u0165 potrebu budovania in\u017einierskych stavieb.<\/p>\n Z\u00e1kladn\u00fdm kame\u0148om \u00faspechu je tu v\u0161ak particip\u00e1cia komunity a spolo\u010dn\u00e9 navrhovanie (co-design a co-creation)<\/strong>. Mnoh\u00ed obyvatelia podvedome ned\u00f4veruj\u00fa pr\u00edrodn\u00fdm rie\u0161eniam a ob\u00e1vaj\u00fa sa, \u017ee nie s\u00fa dostato\u010dne robustn\u00e9 v porovnan\u00ed s bet\u00f3nom. Plat\u00ed, \u017ee \u010d\u00edm v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ia je hrozba, t\u00fdm v\u00e4\u010d\u0161\u00ed je strach \u013eud\u00ed. Lok\u00e1lna hist\u00f3ria a kolekt\u00edvna pam\u00e4\u0165 zohr\u00e1vaj\u00fa k\u013e\u00fa\u010dov\u00fa rolu pri formovan\u00ed t\u00fdchto postojov \u2013 ak chce mesto uspie\u0165, mus\u00ed zap\u00e1ja\u0165 ob\u010danov do dial\u00f3gu a prep\u00e1ja\u0165 modern\u00e9 rie\u0161enia s ich historickou sk\u00fasenos\u0165ou a kult\u00farou.<\/p>\n Bez syst\u00e9movej zmeny to nep\u00f4jde<\/strong><\/p>\n Napriek obrovsk\u00e9mu v\u00fdznamu br\u00e1ni \u0161ir\u0161iemu nasadeniu NbS v Eur\u00f3pe fragmentovan\u00e9 vl\u00e1dnutie a in\u0161titucion\u00e1lne prek\u00e1\u017eky. Ako upozor\u0148uje odborn\u00edk z Berl\u00edna, pr\u00edrodn\u00e9 rie\u0161enia s\u00fa dnes politikmi \u010dasto vn\u00edman\u00e9 len ako \u201enie\u010do pekn\u00e9 navy\u0161e\u201c (nice to have). N\u00e1stroje na ich budovanie s\u00edce technicky existuj\u00fa, no in\u0161tit\u00facie nie s\u00fa stavan\u00e9 na potrebn\u00fa medzirezortn\u00fa spolupr\u00e1cu medzi envirofondmi, urbanistami a klimatick\u00fdmi org\u00e1nmi.<\/p>\n Ak sa chceme vyhn\u00fa\u0165 tomu, aby bola pr\u00e1ca \u00faradn\u00edkov len Sizyfovskou snahou prekazenou kr\u00e1tkodob\u00fdm financovan\u00edm, je nutn\u00e9 prija\u0165 z\u00e1v\u00e4zn\u00fd n\u00e1rodn\u00fd a eur\u00f3psky legislat\u00edvny r\u00e1mec<\/strong>, ktor\u00fd by podporil zav\u00e1dzanie NbS. V dobe, ke\u010f zimn\u00e9 b\u00farky odtrh\u00e1vaj\u00fa strechy domov, u\u017e n\u00e1klady na na\u0161u ne\u010dinnos\u0165 prestali by\u0165 iba abstraktn\u00fdm \u010d\u00edslom na papieri. Ot\u00e1zkou u\u017e dnes nie je, \u010di rie\u0161enia zalo\u017een\u00e9 na pr\u00edrode funguj\u00fa, ale \u010di na\u0161e \u00farady a in\u0161tit\u00facie dok\u00e1\u017eu udr\u017ea\u0165 krok s r\u00fdchlo sa meniacou kl\u00edmou. JRi&CO2AI<\/strong><\/em><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0646\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0637\u0642\u0633\u0627\u064b \u0634\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u062a\u0646\u0627 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0634\u0647\u0631 \u0641\u0628\u0631\u0627\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0648\u0627\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u062a\u064f\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0642\u0648\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0632\u0627\u064a\u062f. \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u0631\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0639\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0629 \u0646\u064a\u0644\u0632\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0636\u0631\u0628\u062a \u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628 \u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0637\u0642\u0633 \u0645\u0639\u062a\u062f\u0644 \u0648\u0645\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[40,4],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-39176","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-adaptacia-na-zmenu-klimy","category-klimaticka-zmena"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.co2news.sk\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/39176","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.co2news.sk\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.co2news.sk\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.co2news.sk\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/7"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.co2news.sk\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=39176"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/www.co2news.sk\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/39176\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":39179,"href":"https:\/\/www.co2news.sk\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/39176\/revisions\/39179"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.co2news.sk\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=39176"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.co2news.sk\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=39176"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.co2news.sk\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=39176"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}