{"id":39153,"date":"2026-04-30T17:40:32","date_gmt":"2026-04-30T15:40:32","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.co2news.sk\/?p=39153"},"modified":"2026-04-30T17:43:06","modified_gmt":"2026-04-30T15:43:06","slug":"meranie-uhlika-v-pode-veda-trhy-a-limity-certifikacie-v-boji-proti-klimatickej-zmene","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.co2news.sk\/ar\/2026\/04\/30\/meranie-uhlika-v-pode-veda-trhy-a-limity-certifikacie-v-boji-proti-klimatickej-zmene\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0641\u062d\u0629 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0623\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0646\u0627 \u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0647\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u064f\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0644\u060c \u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0623\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e. \u0641\u0641\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062a\u062e\u0632\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0643\u0645\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0647\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646. \u0648\u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0641 po\u013enohospod\u00e1rstva a prebiehaj\u00facej klimatickej zmeny v\u0161ak \u010del\u00edme re\u00e1lnemu riziku, \u017ee sa tento k\u013e\u00fa\u010dov\u00fd uhl\u00edkov\u00fd prepad (\u00falo\u017eisko) premen\u00ed na \u010fal\u0161\u00ed zdroj nebezpe\u010dn\u00fdch emisi\u00ed. Koncept takzvan\u00e9ho \u201euhl\u00edkov\u00e9ho po\u013enohospod\u00e1rstva\u201c (carbon farming)<\/strong> m\u00e1 za cie\u013e tomuto scen\u00e1ru zabr\u00e1ni\u0165, pri\u010dom Eur\u00f3pska \u00fania u\u017e postupne vytv\u00e1ra potrebn\u00fd pr\u00e1vny r\u00e1mec, no odborn\u00edci upozor\u0148uj\u00fa, \u017ee pred nami stoj\u00ed e\u0161te mnoho vedeck\u00fdch, ekonomick\u00fdch aj certifika\u010dn\u00fdch v\u00fdziev.<\/p>\n

Paradox p\u00f4dy: Od \u00falo\u017eiska k emitentovi<\/strong><\/p>\n

D\u00f4le\u017eitos\u0165 udr\u017eiavania zdrav\u00fdch p\u00f4d dlhodobo absentovala v \u0161ir\u0161om politickom diskurze a a\u017e v posledn\u00fdch rokoch sa jej venuje zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00e1 pozornos\u0165, najm\u00e4 v s\u00favislosti s dosahovan\u00edm glob\u00e1lnych klimatick\u00fdch cie\u013eov. Tento posun je plne opodstatnen\u00fd. Zdrav\u00e9 p\u00f4dy toti\u017e dok\u00e1\u017eu viaza\u0165 dva a\u017e \u0161tyrikr\u00e1t viac uhl\u00edka ako cel\u00e1 atmosf\u00e9ra a veget\u00e1cia dohromady<\/strong>, \u010d\u00edm predstavuj\u00fa kritick\u00fd n\u00e1stroj na udr\u017eanie glob\u00e1lneho otep\u013eovania pod hranicou dvoch stup\u0148ov Celzia.<\/p>\n

V\u00fdhody v\u0161ak siahaj\u00fa \u010faleko za hranice samotn\u00e9ho ukladania uhl\u00edka. Ako vysvet\u013euje Alfred Hartemink, profesor p\u00f4doznalectva na University of Wisconsin-Madison: \u201eP\u00f4da sa nach\u00e1dza na prieniku v\u0161etk\u00fdch d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00fdch environment\u00e1lnych v\u00fdziev, ak\u00fdmi s\u00fa kl\u00edma, biodiverzita, potravinov\u00e1 a vodn\u00e1 bezpe\u010dnos\u0165\u201c. V\u0161eobecne plat\u00ed, \u017ee vysok\u00fd podiel p\u00f4dneho organick\u00e9ho uhl\u00edka (SOC) priamo koreluje so zv\u00fd\u0161enou kvalitou p\u00f4dy a jej lep\u0161ou odolnos\u0165ou vo\u010di vonkaj\u0161\u00edm stresorom<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

Na druhej strane, intenz\u00edvne po\u013enohospod\u00e1rske postupy a zmeny kl\u00edmy vytv\u00e1raj\u00fa na p\u00f4du obrovsk\u00fd tlak a od\u010derp\u00e1vaj\u00fa z nej ulo\u017een\u00fd uhl\u00edk. Carsten M\u00fcller, profesor p\u00f4doznalectva na TU Berl\u00edn, tento historick\u00fd a s\u00fa\u010dasn\u00fd v\u00fdvoj ilustruje takto: \u201eOdkedy \u013eudia pre\u0161li od lovcov a zbera\u010dov k usadl\u00e9mu po\u013enohospod\u00e1rstvu a chovu hospod\u00e1rskych zvierat, str\u00e1came uhl\u00edk z na\u0161ich p\u00f4d\u201c. Na\u0161a po\u013enohospod\u00e1rska prax a syst\u00e9my pestovania sp\u00f4sobili prvotn\u00e9 straty, no situ\u00e1ciu dnes extr\u00e9mne komplikuje antropog\u00e9nna klimatick\u00e1 zmena. \u010coraz \u010dastej\u0161ie katastrofick\u00e9 udalosti, ako s\u00fa rozsiahle lesn\u00e9 po\u017eiare, nielen\u017ee nuluj\u00fa funkciu p\u00f4dy ako \u00falo\u017eiska, ale z\u00e1rove\u0148 ved\u00fa k mas\u00edvnemu uvo\u013e\u0148ovaniu uhl\u00edka. Rast\u00face teploty a dlhotrvaj\u00face such\u00e1 navy\u0161e zr\u00fdch\u013euj\u00fa rozklad organick\u00fdch l\u00e1tok v p\u00f4de, \u010do v najhor\u0161om pr\u00edpade premen\u00ed p\u00f4du na \u010dist\u00fd zdroj emisi\u00ed CO2.<\/p>\n

Zlo\u017eitos\u0165 merania p\u00f4dneho uhl\u00edka<\/strong><\/p>\n

K\u00fdm meranie koncentr\u00e1cie CO2 v atmosf\u00e9re je vedecky pomerne priamo\u010diare, ur\u010denie kapacity p\u00f4dy viaza\u0165 uhl\u00edk je extr\u00e9mne n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00e9. P\u00f4dy s\u00fa toti\u017e priestorovo ve\u013emi heterog\u00e9nne; dokonca aj na mal\u00fdch ploch\u00e1ch mo\u017eno pozorova\u0165 obrovsk\u00e9 rozdiely vo veget\u00e1cii, \u0161trukt\u00fare \u010di \u00farovni \u017eiv\u00edn. Preto s\u00fa individu\u00e1lne vzorky zriedkavo plne reprezentat\u00edvne.<\/p>\n

\u010eal\u0161ou prek\u00e1\u017ekou je samotn\u00fd mana\u017ement p\u00f4dy. Praktiky ako orba, siatie \u010di hnojenie sp\u00f4sobuj\u00fa neust\u00e1le v\u00fdkyvy v obsahu uhl\u00edka. M\u00fcller zd\u00f4raz\u0148uje, \u017ee napr\u00edklad orba vytv\u00e1ra r\u00f4zne hustoty p\u00f4dy \u2013 \u010derstvo zoran\u00e1 p\u00f4da je kypr\u00e1, zatia\u013e \u010do nesk\u00f4r po\u010das roka usad\u00e1, \u010do men\u00ed jej objem. Vypo\u010d\u00edta\u0165 presn\u00fd vz\u0165ah medzi hmotnos\u0165ou a r\u00f4znym objemom p\u00f4dy je ve\u013emi zlo\u017eit\u00e9. \u00dadaje tak z\u00e1visia od miesta, met\u00f3dy, ale aj od \u010dasu zberu vzoriek po\u010das ro\u010dn\u00e9ho cyklu. Hoci s\u00fa existuj\u00face met\u00f3dy merania spo\u013eahliv\u00e9, pre aplik\u00e1ciu na ve\u013ek\u00fdch rozloh\u00e1ch s\u00fa pr\u00edli\u0161 pr\u00e1cne a drah\u00e9.<\/p>\n

Prepojenie v\u00fdskumu s praxou: Projekt MRV4SOC<\/strong><\/p>\n

Rie\u0161en\u00edm tohto probl\u00e9mu sa zaober\u00e1 projekt MRV4SOC<\/strong>, ktor\u00fd je financovan\u00fd Eur\u00f3pskou \u00faniou a sna\u017e\u00ed sa vytvori\u0165 robustn\u00fd, transparentn\u00fd a n\u00e1kladovo efekt\u00edvny syst\u00e9m monitorovania, vykazovania a overovania (MRV) p\u00f4dneho organick\u00e9ho uhl\u00edka. Koordin\u00e1torka projektu Marta Gim\u00e9nez G\u00f3mez pribli\u017euje ich inovat\u00edvny pr\u00edstup: \u201eProjekt sa zameriava na navrhnutie… pr\u00edstupu Tier 3 na zachytenie dynamiky ukladania p\u00f4dneho organick\u00e9ho uhl\u00edka. To znamen\u00e1, \u017ee pou\u017e\u00edvame procesn\u00e9 modely\u201c.<\/p>\n

Spojen\u00edm in-situ (ter\u00e9nnych) meran\u00ed s \u00fadajmi z dia\u013ekov\u00e9ho prieskumu a modelovan\u00edm dok\u00e1\u017eu vedci zv\u00e4\u010d\u0161i\u0165 mierku hodnoten\u00ed na rozsiahle \u00fazemia bez toho, aby museli fyzicky mera\u0165 ka\u017ed\u00fa jednu lokalitu. Tento syst\u00e9m moment\u00e1lne testuj\u00fa na 15 r\u00f4znorod\u00fdch miestach \u2013 od po\u013enohospod\u00e1rskej a lesnej p\u00f4dy a\u017e po ra\u0161elinisk\u00e1, pri\u010dom zoh\u013ead\u0148uj\u00fa zdravie ekosyst\u00e9mu, klimatick\u00e9 \u00fadaje a historick\u00e9 vyu\u017e\u00edvanie p\u00f4dy.<\/p>\n

Politika, trhy a limity certifik\u00e1cie<\/strong><\/p>\n

Tieto vedeck\u00e9 pokroky prich\u00e1dzaj\u00fa v kritickom \u010dase. Koncom roka 2024 vst\u00fapilo do platnosti Nariadenie E\u00da o odstra\u0148ovan\u00ed uhl\u00edka a uhl\u00edkovom po\u013enohospod\u00e1rstve (CRCF), ktor\u00e9 vytvorilo dobrovo\u013en\u00fa pr\u00e1vnu \u0161trukt\u00faru na certifik\u00e1ciu odstra\u0148ovania uhl\u00edka a jeho ukladania. Cie\u013eom je motivova\u0165 farm\u00e1rov k udr\u017eate\u013enej spr\u00e1ve p\u00f4dy prostredn\u00edctvom obchodovate\u013en\u00fdch uhl\u00edkov\u00fdch kreditov.<\/p>\n

Odborn\u00edci v\u0161ak jedn\u00fdm dychom varuj\u00fa pred limitmi tohto „p\u00f4dneho rie\u0161enia“. Z\u00e1sadnou prek\u00e1\u017ekou je trv\u00e1cnos\u0165 (permanencia) takto ulo\u017een\u00e9ho uhl\u00edka. Marta Gim\u00e9nez G\u00f3mez pripom\u00edna, \u017ee \u201eextr\u00e9my po\u010dasia a dlhodob\u00e9 klimatick\u00e9 zmeny… m\u00f4\u017eu sp\u00f4sobi\u0165 zvr\u00e1tenie pozit\u00edvnych \u00fa\u010dinkov dosiahnut\u00fdch prostredn\u00edctvom postupov uhl\u00edkov\u00e9ho po\u013enohospod\u00e1rstva\u201c<\/strong>. Kapacita p\u00f4dy ako \u00falo\u017eiska je navy\u0161e kone\u010dn\u00e1 a je nutn\u00e9 bra\u0165 do \u00favahy aj in\u00e9 sklen\u00edkov\u00e9 plyny, ako je oxid dusn\u00fd (N2O), ktor\u00fd m\u00e1 ove\u013ea vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed potenci\u00e1l glob\u00e1lneho otep\u013eovania ako CO2.<\/p>\n

Z ekonomick\u00e9ho h\u013eadiska \u010delia po\u013enohospod\u00e1ri vysokej volatilite cien uhl\u00edkov\u00fdch certifik\u00e1tov, zna\u010dn\u00fdm n\u00e1kladom na monitorovanie a nadmernej byrokracii. Paradoxne tie\u017e hroz\u00ed, \u017ee syst\u00e9m odme\u0148uj\u00faci dodato\u010dn\u00e9 ukladanie uhl\u00edka finan\u010dne znev\u00fdhodn\u00ed t\u00fdch farm\u00e1rov, ktor\u00ed udr\u017eate\u013en\u00e9 praktiky uplat\u0148uj\u00fa u\u017e roky. \u00daspech syst\u00e9mu z\u00e1vis\u00ed aj od ochoty farm\u00e1rov prekona\u0165 technick\u00fa zlo\u017eitos\u0165 postupov a neistotu na trhu.<\/p>\n

Ochrana pred greenwashingom a holistick\u00fd pr\u00edstup<\/strong><\/p>\n

K\u013e\u00fa\u010dov\u00fdm aspektom certifik\u00e1cie je ochrana pred greenwashingom. Ak korpor\u00e1cie pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa kredity na kompenz\u00e1ciu svojich emisi\u00ed namiesto ich re\u00e1lneho zni\u017eovania, musia existova\u0165 nepriestreln\u00e9 d\u00e1ta. \u201eMimoriadne tvrdenia si vy\u017eaduj\u00fa mimoriadne d\u00f4kazy,\u201c<\/strong> pr\u00edzvukuje Hartemink na margo nutnosti overite\u013en\u00fdch a transparentn\u00fdch p\u00f4dnych modelov.<\/p>\n

V kone\u010dnom d\u00f4sledku je zameranie sa v\u00fdlu\u010dne na mno\u017estvo ulo\u017een\u00e9ho uhl\u00edka pr\u00edli\u0161 \u00fazkoprs\u00e9. Profesor M\u00fcller upozor\u0148uje, \u017ee ove\u013ea rozhoduj\u00facej\u0161ia je celkov\u00e1 funkcia p\u00f4dneho uhl\u00edka pre \u00farodnos\u0165, zadr\u017eiavanie vody a kl\u00edmu. Uhl\u00edk je len jednou s\u00fa\u010das\u0165ou celkovej organickej hmoty a snaha o jeho zvy\u0161ovanie priamo podporuje aj in\u00e9 kritick\u00e9 funkcie, vr\u00e1tane biodiverzity. Udr\u017eate\u013en\u00fd pr\u00edstup preto mus\u00ed harmonicky integrova\u0165 ekonomick\u00e9 stimuly a certifik\u00e1cie s celkov\u00fdm zdrav\u00edm p\u00f4dy, ktor\u00e9 by sa malo sta\u0165 absol\u00fatnym pilierom n\u00e1\u0161ho boja proti klimatickej zmene. JRi&CO2AI<\/strong><\/em><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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