{"id":39080,"date":"2026-04-11T08:25:42","date_gmt":"2026-04-11T06:25:42","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.co2news.sk\/?p=39080"},"modified":"2026-04-11T08:26:26","modified_gmt":"2026-04-11T06:26:26","slug":"cesta-miest-k-uhlikovej-neutralite-ako-zodpovedne-riadit-zvyskove-a-negativne-emisie","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.co2news.sk\/ar\/2026\/04\/11\/cesta-miest-k-uhlikovej-neutralite-ako-zodpovedne-riadit-zvyskove-a-negativne-emisie\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646\u064a: \u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062b\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0628\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u062e\u0627\u0644\u064d \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064d\u0651 \u0645\u0644\u062d\u0651\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0647\u0648 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u0641\u0631\u0635\u0629 \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0627\u064b. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a \u0646\u0635\u0628 \u0639\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0647\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0636\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c ambici\u00f3zny cie\u013e dosiahnu\u0165 klimatick\u00fa neutralitu do roku 2050. V prvej l\u00ednii tohto \u00fasilia stoja eur\u00f3pske mest\u00e1. Iniciat\u00edvy, ako je Misia E\u00da<\/span><\/a> pre 100 klimaticky neutr\u00e1lnych a inteligentn\u00fdch miest (Cities Mission), podporuj\u00fa vybran\u00e9 mest\u00e1, aby dosiahli takzvan\u00fa \u010dist\u00fa nulu (net-zero) u\u017e do roku 2030. K\u013e\u00fa\u010dovou a \u010dasto nepochopenou ot\u00e1zkou v\u0161ak zost\u00e1va: ako sa vyrovna\u0165 s emisiami, ktor\u00e9 nie je mo\u017en\u00e9 pri zdroji \u00faplne odstr\u00e1ni\u0165?<\/p>\n

Zni\u017eovanie emisi\u00ed mus\u00ed by\u0165 v\u017edy na prvom mieste<\/strong><\/p>\n

Z\u00e1kladn\u00fdm kame\u0148om ka\u017edej legit\u00edmnej klimatickej strat\u00e9gie je princ\u00edp \u201enajprv zni\u017eova\u0165 emisie\u201c (Emissions Reduction First)<\/strong>. Odstra\u0148ovanie uhl\u00edka, inak zn\u00e1me ako negat\u00edvne emisie, nikdy nesmie sl\u00fa\u017ei\u0165 ako n\u00e1hrada za uskuto\u010dnite\u013en\u00e9 zni\u017eovanie emisi\u00ed priamo pri zdroji. Spoliehanie sa v\u00fdlu\u010dne na kompenz\u00e1cie by mohlo spomali\u0165 proces odklonu od fos\u00edlnych pal\u00edv a oddiali\u0165 skuto\u010dn\u00fa transform\u00e1ciu. Mest\u00e1 musia maximalizova\u0165 svoje snahy naprie\u010d v\u0161etk\u00fdmi sektormi a k odstra\u0148ovaniu prist\u00fapi\u0165 a\u017e vtedy, ke\u010f sa vy\u010derpaj\u00fa v\u0161etky dostupn\u00e9 technick\u00e9 a ekonomick\u00e9 mo\u017enosti zn\u00ed\u017eenia.<\/p>\n

Ako analyticky definova\u0165 zvy\u0161kov\u00e9 emisie?<\/strong><\/p>\n

Aj po zaveden\u00ed najpr\u00edsnej\u0161\u00edch opatren\u00ed zostan\u00fa v niektor\u00fdch sektoroch (ako s\u00fa napr\u00edklad historick\u00e9 budovy, \u010distenie odpadov\u00fdch v\u00f4d, \u0165a\u017ek\u00fd priemysel alebo po\u013enohospod\u00e1rstvo) emisie, ktor\u00e9 s\u00fa z technick\u00fdch d\u00f4vodov nateraz nevyhnutn\u00e9. Tieto sa naz\u00fdvaj\u00fa zvy\u0161kov\u00e9 emisie (residual emissions)<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

Odborn\u00e1 spr\u00e1va Spolo\u010dn\u00e9ho v\u00fdskumn\u00e9ho centra (JRC) eur\u00f3pskym mest\u00e1m vyslovene rad\u00ed, aby objem zvy\u0161kov\u00fdch emisi\u00ed nebol ur\u010dovan\u00fd len slep\u00fdm administrat\u00edvnym cie\u013eom, ale prostredn\u00edctvom d\u00f4kladnej analytickej pr\u00e1ce<\/strong>. Mesto by malo jasne identifikova\u0165 zdroje emisi\u00ed, presk\u00fama\u0165 modern\u00e9 technologick\u00e9 rie\u0161enia a pochopi\u0165 obmedzenia (vr\u00e1tane legislat\u00edvnych \u010di finan\u010dn\u00fdch), ktor\u00e9 br\u00e1nia ich elimin\u00e1cii. Transparentnos\u0165 pri priznan\u00ed nevyhnutnosti t\u00fdchto emisi\u00ed br\u00e1ni podozreniam z \u201egreenwashingu\u201c a legitimizuje cie\u013e klimatickej neutrality.<\/p>\n

Mechanizmy na kompenz\u00e1ciu: Odstra\u0148ovanie priamo v meste aj mimo neho<\/strong><\/p>\n

Ak chc\u00fa mest\u00e1 dosiahnu\u0165 stav \u010distej nuly, musia svoje preuk\u00e1zate\u013en\u00e9 zvy\u0161kov\u00e9 emisie kompenzova\u0165 odstr\u00e1nen\u00edm sklen\u00edkov\u00fdch plynov z atmosf\u00e9ry. Tento proces mo\u017eno dosiahnu\u0165 dvomi hlavn\u00fdmi pr\u00edstupmi, ktor\u00e9 je ide\u00e1lne kombinova\u0165:<\/p>\n

    \n
  1. Odstra\u0148ovanie uhl\u00edka v hraniciach mesta (In-boundary carbon removals):<\/strong> S\u00fa to cielen\u00e9 antropog\u00e9nne aktivity priamo na \u00fazem\u00ed mesta. M\u00f4\u017ee \u00eds\u0165 o pr\u00edrodn\u00e9 rie\u0161enia (Nature-based solutions)<\/strong>, ako je zales\u0148ovanie, v\u00fdsadba mestskej zelene, obnova mokrad\u00ed alebo ukladanie uhl\u00edka v p\u00f4de. Na druhej strane stoja trval\u00e9 a technologick\u00e9 rie\u0161enia<\/strong>, ako je vyu\u017e\u00edvanie bio\u00fahlu (biochar) na zelen\u00fdch strech\u00e1ch, technol\u00f3gie DACCS (priame zachyt\u00e1vanie z ovzdu\u0161ia) alebo ukladanie uhl\u00edka v zabudovan\u00fdch bio-materi\u00e1loch, ako je kon\u0161truk\u010dn\u00e9 drevo v budov\u00e1ch, v\u010faka \u010domu sa samotn\u00e9 budovy st\u00e1vaj\u00fa \u00falo\u017eiskom CO2.<\/li>\n
  2. N\u00e1kup overen\u00fdch uhl\u00edkov\u00fdch kreditov (Out-of-boundary credits):<\/strong> Na vyv\u00e1\u017eenie emisi\u00ed m\u00f4\u017eu mest\u00e1 nakupova\u0165 certifikovan\u00e9 uhl\u00edkov\u00e9 kredity poch\u00e1dzaj\u00face z projektov mimo ich \u00fazemia. V kontexte cie\u013eov \u010distej nuly s\u00fa v\u0161ak akceptovate\u013en\u00e9 v\u00fdlu\u010dne kredity za re\u00e1lne stiahnutie uhl\u00edka (removal credits)<\/strong>. Kredity za to, \u017ee sa emisi\u00e1m iba \u201epredi\u0161lo\u201c (napr. v\u00fdstavbou sol\u00e1rnej elektr\u00e1rne namiesto uho\u013enej), nie s\u00fa opr\u00e1vnen\u00e9 na kompenz\u00e1ciu zvy\u0161kov\u00fdch emisi\u00ed v strat\u00e9gii uhl\u00edkovej neutrality.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    Pravidlo „Like-for-like“ (Rovnak\u00e9 za rovnak\u00e9)<\/strong><\/p>\n

    Pri strategickom pl\u00e1novan\u00ed by mest\u00e1 mali dba\u0165 na princ\u00edp like-for-like<\/em>. Tento \u00fa\u010dtovn\u00fd princ\u00edp upozor\u0148uje na rozdiely v trv\u00e1cnosti. Emisie z fos\u00edlnych pal\u00edv zost\u00e1vaj\u00fa v atmosf\u00e9re po tis\u00edcro\u010dia, a preto by mali by\u0165 prim\u00e1rne kompenzovan\u00e9 met\u00f3dami trval\u00e9ho odstra\u0148ovania<\/strong> (napr. geologick\u00e9 ukladanie technol\u00f3giami DACCS alebo BioCCS). Kr\u00e1tkodob\u00e9 pr\u00edrodn\u00e9 \u00falo\u017eisk\u00e1 (ako s\u00fa stromy), ktor\u00e9 s\u00fa zranite\u013en\u00e9 vo\u010di po\u017eiarom a \u0161kodcom, by mali sl\u00fa\u017ei\u0165 sk\u00f4r na kompenz\u00e1ciu biog\u00e9nnych emisi\u00ed alebo met\u00e1nu.<\/p>\n

    Piliere vysokej integrity a transparentn\u00e9ho vykazovania<\/strong><\/p>\n

    Pl\u00e1n odstra\u0148ovania emisi\u00ed sa mus\u00ed opiera\u0165 o jasn\u00e9 a etick\u00e9 z\u00e1sady:<\/p>\n

      \n
    • Transparentnos\u0165:<\/strong> Kladn\u00e9 emisie (vyprodukovan\u00e9 zne\u010distenie) a negat\u00edvne emisie (odstr\u00e1nen\u00fd uhl\u00edk) musia by\u0165 v invent\u00farach vykazovan\u00e9 z\u00e1sadne oddelene. Zamedz\u00ed sa tak dvojit\u00e9mu zapo\u010d\u00edtaniu a zabezpe\u010d\u00ed sa matematick\u00e1 overite\u013enos\u0165 klimatick\u00fdch cie\u013eov. Zvl\u00e1\u0161\u0165 zlo\u017eit\u00e9 je to pri sektore LULUCF (vyu\u017e\u00edvanie p\u00f4dy a lesn\u00edctvo), kde treba dba\u0165 na princ\u00edp \u00faplnosti a exkluzivity p\u00f4dnych kateg\u00f3ri\u00ed.<\/li>\n
    • Environment\u00e1lna a etick\u00e1 integrita:<\/strong> Opatrenia nesm\u00fa vies\u0165 k po\u0161kodzovaniu in\u00fdch aspektov \u017eivotn\u00e9ho prostredia. Neuv\u00e1\u017een\u00e1 snaha zasadi\u0165 obrovsk\u00e9 mno\u017estvo stromov by mohla ohrozi\u0165 p\u00f4vodn\u00fa biodiverzitu (probl\u00e9m monokult\u00far) alebo konkurova\u0165 produkcii potrav\u00edn.<\/li>\n
    • Maximaliz\u00e1cia pr\u00ednosov (Co-benefits) a diverzifik\u00e1cia:<\/strong> Ide\u00e1lne met\u00f3dy odstra\u0148ovania uhl\u00edka prin\u00e1\u0161aj\u00fa aj in\u00e9 soci\u00e1lne a ekologick\u00e9 v\u00fdhody. Napr\u00edklad mestsk\u00e9 lesy zmier\u0148uj\u00fa efekt tepeln\u00fdch ostrovov, zadr\u017eiavaj\u00fa zr\u00e1\u017ekov\u00fa vodu a zlep\u0161uj\u00fa kvalitu vzduchu. Diverzifik\u00e1ciou pr\u00edstupov zasa mesto rozklad\u00e1 finan\u010dn\u00e9 a fyzick\u00e9 rizik\u00e1 zlyhania jedin\u00e9ho projektu.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

      R\u00e1mec E\u00da na certifik\u00e1ciu (CRCF)<\/strong><\/p>\n

      Sprievodcom pri garantovan\u00ed vysokej kvality uhl\u00edkov\u00fdch kreditov a dom\u00e1cich z\u00e1chytov je pre mest\u00e1 nov\u00e9 \u00fanijn\u00e9 Nariadenie o certifik\u00e1cii odstra\u0148ovania uhl\u00edka a uhl\u00edkovom po\u013enohospod\u00e1rstve (CRCF). Tento predpis zav\u00e1dza eur\u00f3psky register a pr\u00edsne hodnotiace krit\u00e9ri\u00e1 \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629<\/strong>, medzi ktor\u00e9 patr\u00ed Kvantifik\u00e1cia<\/em> (presn\u00e9 zmeranie benefitu), Doplnkovos\u0165<\/em> (additionality \u2013 aktivita presahuje be\u017en\u00fa prax), Dlhodob\u00e9 ulo\u017eenie<\/em> \u0648 Udr\u017eate\u013enos\u0165<\/em>. Mest\u00e1 by mali pri obstar\u00e1van\u00ed kreditov alebo tvorbe polit\u00edk vy\u017eadova\u0165 pln\u00fd s\u00falad s t\u00fdmito \u0161tandardmi.<\/p>\n

      Mesto na ceste k nulov\u00fdm emisi\u00e1m nevystupuje iba ako pas\u00edvny vykon\u00e1vate\u013e. Riadenie komplexn\u00fdch technol\u00f3gi\u00ed na s\u0165ahovanie CO2 ho stavia do roly k\u013e\u00fa\u010dov\u00e9ho strat\u00e9ga, inov\u00e1tora, investora a zjednocovate\u013ea (convener)<\/strong> komunity. Len transparentn\u00fdm, diverzifikovan\u00fdm a analytick\u00fdm pr\u00edstupom k pretrv\u00e1vaj\u00facim emisi\u00e1m dok\u00e1\u017eu mest\u00e1 premeni\u0165 v\u00edziu klimatickej neutrality na skuto\u010dnos\u0165 a garantova\u0165 svojim obyvate\u013eom zelen\u0161iu, odolnej\u0161iu a trvalo udr\u017eate\u013en\u00fa bud\u00facnos\u0165. JRi&CO2AI<\/strong><\/em><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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