{"id":39021,"date":"2026-04-01T21:05:58","date_gmt":"2026-04-01T19:05:58","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.co2news.sk\/?p=39021"},"modified":"2026-04-01T21:06:49","modified_gmt":"2026-04-01T19:06:49","slug":"strategicky-plan-rozvoja-pracovnej-sily-pre-klimaticku-neutralitu-do-roku-2050","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.co2news.sk\/ar\/2026\/04\/01\/strategicky-plan-rozvoja-pracovnej-sily-pre-klimaticku-neutralitu-do-roku-2050\/","title":{"rendered":"\u062e\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e\u064a \u0628\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0645 2050"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0645\u0629 <b>\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0644\u0640 55<\/b> \u0625\u0646 \u062e\u0641\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062b\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 55% \u0628\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0645 2030 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0635\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0646\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062b\u0627\u062a \u0635\u0641\u0631\u064a \u0628\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0645 2050 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u062d\u0633\u0628\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0647\u0648 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0643\u0644 \u0634\u064a\u0621 \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0644\u0633\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a. \u0648\u062a\u064f\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0646\u0645\u0627\u0630\u062c\u0646\u0627 \u0623\u0646 <!--more-->proakt\u00edvne pl\u00e1novanie \u013eudsk\u00e9ho kapit\u00e1lu je kritick\u00fdm predpokladom stability E\u00da. \u00daspech dekarboniz\u00e1cie nie je determinovan\u00fd len dostupnos\u0165ou kapit\u00e1lu, ale schopnos\u0165ou pracovnej sily adaptova\u0165 sa na nov\u00e9 procesy.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1. Strategick\u00fd r\u00e1mec a kontext zelenej transform\u00e1cie<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>V tejto <a href=\"https:\/\/op.europa.eu\/en\/publication-detail\/-\/publication\/8cc4d517-f741-11f0-b9bc-01aa75ed71a1\/language-en#\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644<\/span><\/a>, vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00facej synergiu modelov <b>E3ME<\/b> \u0648 <b>GEM-E3<\/b>, definujeme zru\u010dnosti prostredn\u00edctvom triadick\u00e9ho proxy ukazovate\u013ea: <b>profesia (ISCO) + kvalifik\u00e1cia (ISCED) + odbor \u0161t\u00fadia<\/b>. V kontexte prechodu na klimatick\u00fa neutralitu identifikujeme dva k\u013e\u00fa\u010dov\u00e9 rizikov\u00e9 faktory:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><b>Mismatch (nes\u00falad):<\/b> Stav, kedy s\u00fa\u010dasn\u00e1 distrib\u00facia zru\u010dnost\u00ed a odborov \u0161t\u00fadia nezodpoved\u00e1 po\u017eiadavk\u00e1m dekarbonizovan\u00fdch odvetv\u00ed.<\/li>\n<li><b>Frictions (trenia):<\/b> \u0160truktur\u00e1lne rigidity, ako s\u00fa n\u00e1klady na rekvalifik\u00e1ciu, \u010dasov\u00e1 n\u00e1ro\u010dnos\u0165 vzdel\u00e1vania a do\u010dasn\u00e9 zn\u00ed\u017eenie pracovnej sily po\u010das \u0161t\u00fadia, ktor\u00e9 generuj\u00fa dodato\u010dn\u00e9 transforma\u010dn\u00e9 n\u00e1klady.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Pochopenie t\u00fdchto tren\u00ed je nevyhnutn\u00e9 pre presn\u00fa progn\u00f3zu dopytu po k\u013e\u00fa\u010dov\u00fdch kompetenci\u00e1ch diktovan\u00fdch technologickou dif\u00faziou.<\/p>\n<p><strong>2. Progn\u00f3za dopytu po zru\u010dnostiach pod\u013ea k\u013e\u00fa\u010dov\u00fdch technol\u00f3gi\u00ed<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Technologick\u00e1 dif\u00fazia priamo diktuje potrebu nov\u00fdch kompetenci\u00ed naprie\u010d cel\u00fdm dod\u00e1vate\u013esk\u00fdm re\u0165azcom. Na z\u00e1klade anal\u00fdzy d\u00e1t z Core Policy Scenario (CPS) identifikujeme technol\u00f3gie s najvy\u0161\u0161ou intenzitou potreby vzdel\u00e1vania:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><b>Elektromobily (EV):<\/b> Kritick\u00fd n\u00e1rast dopytu po zru\u010dnostiach nastane v rokoch <b>2035 \u2013 2040<\/b>, \u010do je priamo podmienen\u00e9 mas\u00edvnou obnovou vozov\u00e9ho parku v \u010dlensk\u00fdch \u0161t\u00e1toch E\u00da.<\/li>\n<li><b>Vetern\u00e1 a sol\u00e1rna energia:<\/b> Tieto sektory generuj\u00fa najv\u00e4\u010d\u0161\u00ed podiel na kumulat\u00edvnych potreb\u00e1ch vzdel\u00e1vania po\u010das cel\u00e9ho obdobia do roku 2050.<\/li>\n<li><b>Vod\u00edk a CCS (Zachyt\u00e1vanie uhl\u00edka):<\/b> Vzh\u013eadom na technologick\u00fa komplexnos\u0165 a novos\u0165 t\u00fdchto rie\u0161en\u00ed vy\u017eaduj\u00fa tieto sektory vysok\u00fa intenzitu tr\u00e9ningu (high intensity) u\u017e v po\u010diato\u010dn\u00fdch f\u00e1zach implement\u00e1cie.<\/li>\n<li><b>Tepeln\u00e9 \u010derpadl\u00e1:<\/b> Stabiln\u00fd n\u00e1rast dopytu po in\u0161tala\u010dn\u00fdch kapacit\u00e1ch v strednodobom horizonte.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Osobitn\u00fa pozornos\u0165 vy\u017eaduje <b>sektor stavebn\u00edctva<\/b>, kde opatrenia na energetick\u00fa efekt\u00edvnos\u0165 a retrofitting budov vyvol\u00e1vaj\u00fa potrebu mas\u00edvneho on-the-job tr\u00e9ningu. Je nevyhnutn\u00e9 si uvedomi\u0165, \u017ee zatia\u013e \u010do technologick\u00fd pokrok je hnac\u00edm motorom, prim\u00e1rnym motorom rastu zamestnanosti bude sektor <b>Utilities: Electricity<\/b>, kde predpoklad\u00e1me n\u00e1rast dopytu po pr\u00e1ci o <b>14 % do roku 2050<\/b>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>3. Klasifik\u00e1cia profesi\u00ed a vzdel\u00e1vac\u00edch po\u017eiadaviek (ISCO &amp; ISCED)<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Pre presn\u00fa kalibr\u00e1ciu vzdel\u00e1vac\u00edch kapac\u00edt sme vypracovali granul\u00e1rne mapovanie kritick\u00fdch profesi\u00ed. Anal\u00fdza potvrdzuje, \u017ee zatia\u013e \u010do vysokokvalifikovan\u00ed experti s\u00fa nosite\u013emi inov\u00e1ci\u00ed, stredne kvalifikovan\u00ed pracovn\u00edci predstavuj\u00fa &#8222;\u00fazke hrdlo&#8220; (narrow bottleneck) fyzickej implement\u00e1cie.<\/p>\n<p><b>Tabu\u013eka: Mapovanie kritick\u00fdch profesi\u00ed pre zelen\u00fa transform\u00e1ciu<\/b><\/p>\n<table border=\"1\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>K\u00f3d profesie (ISCO)<\/td>\n<td>N\u00e1zov profesie<\/td>\n<td>\u00darove\u0148 kvalifik\u00e1cie (ISCED)<\/td>\n<td>Relevantn\u00e9 odbory \u0161t\u00fadia (Field of Study)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>OC21<\/b><\/td>\n<td>\u0160pecialisti v oblasti vied a in\u017einierstva<\/td>\n<td>Vysok\u00e1 (ISCED 6-8)<\/td>\n<td>Engineering and engineering trades<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>OC74<\/b><\/td>\n<td>Kvalifikovan\u00ed pracovn\u00edci v elektrotechnike<\/td>\n<td>Stredn\u00e1 (ISCED 3-4)<\/td>\n<td>Engineering and engineering trades; Energy<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>OC71<\/b><\/td>\n<td>Kvalifikovan\u00ed stavebn\u00ed pracovn\u00edci<\/td>\n<td>Stredn\u00e1 (ISCED 3-4)<\/td>\n<td>Architecture and construction<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>OC31<\/b><\/td>\n<td>Technici v oblasti vied a in\u017einierstva<\/td>\n<td>Stredn\u00e1 a\u017e Vysok\u00e1<\/td>\n<td>Manufacturing and processing; Engineering<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>OC12\/13<\/b><\/td>\n<td>Mana\u017e\u00e9ri v oblasti v\u00fdroby a obchodu<\/td>\n<td>Vysok\u00e1 (ISCED 7-8)<\/td>\n<td>Business, administration and law; Engineering<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>OC72<\/b><\/td>\n<td>Pracovn\u00edci v oblasti kovov a stroj\u00e1rstva<\/td>\n<td>Stredn\u00e1 (ISCED 3-4)<\/td>\n<td>Manufacturing and processing<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>Kritick\u00e9 pos\u00fadenie ukazuje, \u017ee najv\u00e4\u010d\u0161ie riziko nedostatku hroz\u00ed v kateg\u00f3ri\u00e1ch <b>OC74 a OC71<\/b>. Tieto profesie s\u00fa nevyhnutn\u00e9 pre in\u0161tal\u00e1ciu sol\u00e1rnych syst\u00e9mov a tepeln\u00fdch \u010derpadiel. Bez cielenej podpory t\u00fdchto &#8222;remeseln\u00fdch hrdiel&#8220; hroz\u00ed v\u00fdrazn\u00e9 spomalenie tempa dekarboniz\u00e1cie.<\/p>\n<p><strong>4. Implementa\u010dn\u00fd r\u00e1mec: Strat\u00e9gie vzdel\u00e1vania a rekvalifik\u00e1cie<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Strategick\u00e9 riadenie \u013eudsk\u00e9ho kapit\u00e1lu vy\u017eaduje diferencovan\u00fd pr\u00edstup k form\u00e1m vzdel\u00e1vania, aby sa minimalizovali produk\u010dn\u00e9 v\u00fdpadky:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><b>On-the-job training (kr\u00e1tkodob\u00fd):<\/b> Aplikuje sa tam, kde existuje dostato\u010dn\u00e1 z\u00e1soba z\u00e1kladn\u00fdch zru\u010dnost\u00ed. Je k\u013e\u00fa\u010dov\u00fd pre sektory ako stavebn\u00edctvo, kde pracovn\u00edci potrebuj\u00fa adaptova\u0165 svoje existuj\u00face postupy na zelen\u00e9 \u0161tandardy.<\/li>\n<li><b>Off-the-job training (dlhodob\u00fd &#8211; Bachelor\/Master):<\/b> Nevyhnutn\u00fd pre strategick\u00e9 profesie (mana\u017e\u00e9ri, in\u017einieri v oblasti vod\u00edka), kde ch\u00fdba baz\u00e1lna kvalifik\u00e1cia. Vy\u017eaduje odchod z trhu pr\u00e1ce na 2 a\u017e 3 roky.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><b>INFOBOX: Rozsah transforma\u010dn\u00fdch potrieb<\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><b>Ro\u010dn\u00fd objem tr\u00e9ningu:<\/b> 150 000 \u2013 500 000 os\u00f4b v E\u00da.<\/li>\n<li><b>Kumulat\u00edvny po\u010det ovplyvnen\u00fdch pracovn\u00edkov (2025-2050):<\/b> 6,6 mili\u00f3na os\u00f4b.<\/li>\n<li><b>\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646:<\/b> Menej ako 1 % popul\u00e1cie v produkt\u00edvnom veku ro\u010dne.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Z\u00e1sadn\u00fdm rizikom, ktor\u00e9 na\u0161e modelovanie identifikuje, s\u00fa <b>synergie a trenia s in\u00fdmi technologick\u00fdmi trendmi<\/b>. Hroz\u00ed, \u017ee pracovn\u00edci rekvalifikovan\u00ed pre zelen\u00e9 technol\u00f3gie bud\u00fa &#8222;pretiahnut\u00ed&#8220; (poached) in\u00fdmi expanduj\u00facimi sektormi (napr. digit\u00e1lna transform\u00e1cia), \u010do m\u00f4\u017ee preh\u013abi\u0165 nedostatok \u0161pecialistov v \u010dist\u00fdch technol\u00f3gi\u00e1ch napriek invest\u00edci\u00e1m do vzdel\u00e1vania.<\/p>\n<p><strong>5. Ekonomick\u00e1 anal\u00fdza n\u00e1kladov a vplyvov na HDP<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Invest\u00edcie do zru\u010dnost\u00ed generuj\u00fa kr\u00e1tkodob\u00e9 makroekonomick\u00e9 n\u00e1klady, ktor\u00e9 s\u00fa v\u0161ak nevyhnutn\u00e9 pre dlhodob\u00fa \u0161truktur\u00e1lnu stabilitu.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><b>N\u00e1kladov\u00e1 \u0161trukt\u00fara:<\/b> Ro\u010dn\u00e9 n\u00e1klady sa pohybuj\u00fa medzi <b>350 mil. a 1,4 mld. EUR<\/b>. Celkov\u00e9 kumulat\u00edvne n\u00e1klady do roku 2050 odhadujeme na <b>16 mld. EUR<\/b>.<\/li>\n<li><b>Vplyv na HDP:<\/b> Model <b>E3ME<\/b> predpoklad\u00e1 margin\u00e1lny vplyv (pod <b>-0,05 %<\/b> v roku 2040), zatia\u013e \u010do konzervat\u00edvnej\u0161\u00ed <b>GEM-E3<\/b> indikuje dopad na \u00farovni <b>-0,082 %<\/b> po roku 2030. Tento mierny pokles je sp\u00f4soben\u00fd do\u010dasn\u00fdm v\u00fdpadkom pracovn\u00edkov z trhu pr\u00e1ce a zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00fdmi produk\u010dn\u00fdmi n\u00e1kladmi firiem.<\/li>\n<li><b>Sektorov\u00e9 vplyvy:<\/b> Najv\u00fdraznej\u0161ie negat\u00edvne dopady poc\u00edtia sektory v\u00fdroby kovov a elektrick\u00fdch zariaden\u00ed (-0,7 % outputu v roku 2040). Naopak, sektor <b>Utilities: Electricity<\/b> bude prim\u00e1rnym motorom zamestnanosti s n\u00e1rastom o <b>14 %<\/b>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>K\u013e\u00fa\u010dov\u00fdm poznatkom pre tvorcov polit\u00edk je riziko <b>medzisektorovej s\u00fa\u0165a\u017ee o talenty<\/b>. Ak sa nepodar\u00ed synchronizova\u0165 rozvoj zru\u010dnost\u00ed, zelen\u00e9 odvetvia bud\u00fa \u010deli\u0165 neust\u00e1lym mzdov\u00fdm tlakom a nedostatku person\u00e1lu v d\u00f4sledku horizont\u00e1lnej mobility pracovn\u00edkov do in\u00fdch technologick\u00fdch sektorov.<\/p>\n<p><strong>6. Strategick\u00e9 odpor\u00fa\u010dania pre politikov a HR mana\u017e\u00e9rov<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Pre \u00faspe\u0161n\u00fa implement\u00e1ciu navrhujeme nasleduj\u00face opatrenia:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><b>Recykl\u00e1cia v\u00fdnosov z uhl\u00edkov\u00fdch dan\u00ed:<\/b> Alokova\u0165 \u010das\u0165 pr\u00edjmov z ETS priamo na krytie n\u00e1kladov na rekvalifik\u00e1ciu, \u010d\u00edm sa zn\u00ed\u017ei finan\u010dn\u00e9 za\u0165a\u017eenie firiem a eliminuj\u00fa &#8222;human capital bottlenecks&#8220;.<\/li>\n<li><b>Cielen\u00e9 \u0161tipendijn\u00e9 programy:<\/b> Zavies\u0165 \u0161t\u00e1tne stimuly pre \u0161tudentov v kritick\u00fdch odboroch: <b>Engineering trades, Architecture and construction<\/b>. Tieto odbory s\u00fa k\u013e\u00fa\u010dov\u00e9 pre odstr\u00e1nenie implementa\u010dn\u00fdch bari\u00e9r.<\/li>\n<li><b>Adapt\u00e1cia kurik\u00fal VET:<\/b> Transformova\u0165 odborn\u00e9 vzdel\u00e1vanie tak, aby flexibilne integrovalo kompetencie pre in\u0161tal\u00e1ciu tepeln\u00fdch \u010derpadiel a \u00fadr\u017ebu EV u\u017e v prim\u00e1rnom cykle vzdel\u00e1vania.<\/li>\n<li><b>Podpora mobility v r\u00e1mci &#8222;Fair Transition&#8220;:<\/b> Vytvori\u0165 sch\u00e9my pre jednoduch\u00fd transfer pracovn\u00edkov z upadaj\u00facich uhl\u00edkovo intenz\u00edvnych sektorov do expanduj\u00facich zelen\u00fdch odvetv\u00ed.<\/li>\n<li><b>Mitig\u00e1cia &#8222;Poaching&#8220; efektu:<\/b> Podpora dlhodob\u00fdch zamestn\u00e1vate\u013esk\u00fdch programov a partnerstiev medzi univerzitami a priemyslom v strategick\u00fdch oblastiach ako vod\u00edk a CCS.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<ul>\n<li>\u00daspech bal\u00edka Fit-for-55 nie je len technologickou, ale prim\u00e1rne <b>hum\u00e1nnou transform\u00e1ciou<\/b>. Bez mas\u00edvnej a cielenej invest\u00edcie do \u013eud\u00ed zostane technologick\u00fd pokrok obmedzen\u00fd \u0161truktur\u00e1lnymi rigiditami trhu pr\u00e1ce. Klimatick\u00e1 neutralita vy\u017eaduje, aby sme zru\u010dnosti zajtraj\u0161ka budovali u\u017e dnes.<\/li>\n<\/ul>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Dosiahnutie cie\u013eov bal\u00edka Fit-for-55 \u2013 redukcia emisi\u00ed o 55 % do roku 2030 a dosiahnutie \u010distej nuly do roku 2050 \u2013 nepredstavuje len technologick\u00fa v\u00fdzvu, ale predov\u0161etk\u00fdm hlbok\u00fd \u0161truktur\u00e1lny imperat\u00edv pre eur\u00f3psky trh pr\u00e1ce. Z n\u00e1\u0161ho modelovania vypl\u00fdva, \u017ee<\/p>","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[27],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-39021","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-udrzatelnost_uhlikova-neutralita"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.co2news.sk\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/39021","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.co2news.sk\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.co2news.sk\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.co2news.sk\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/7"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.co2news.sk\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=39021"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/www.co2news.sk\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/39021\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":39024,"href":"https:\/\/www.co2news.sk\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/39021\/revisions\/39024"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.co2news.sk\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=39021"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.co2news.sk\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=39021"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.co2news.sk\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=39021"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}