{"id":38677,"date":"2026-02-04T19:07:23","date_gmt":"2026-02-04T18:07:23","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.co2news.sk\/?p=38677"},"modified":"2026-02-04T19:08:33","modified_gmt":"2026-02-04T18:08:33","slug":"mesta-celia-intenzivnemu-tepelnemu-stresu-co-prinesie-prekrocenie-hranice-2-stupnov-celzia","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.co2news.sk\/ar\/2026\/02\/04\/mesta-celia-intenzivnemu-tepelnemu-stresu-co-prinesie-prekrocenie-hranice-2-stupnov-celzia\/","title":{"rendered":"Mest\u00e1 \u010delia intenz\u00edvnemu tepeln\u00e9mu stresu: \u010co prinesie prekro\u010denie hranice 2 stup\u0148ov Celzia?"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Mest\u00e1 po celom svete sa st\u00e1vaj\u00fa ohniskami narastaj\u00faceho <strong>tepeln\u00e9ho stresu<\/strong>, ktor\u00fd je poh\u00e1\u0148an\u00fd kombin\u00e1ciou glob\u00e1lnej zmeny kl\u00edmy a r\u00fdchlej urbaniz\u00e1cie. Tento fenom\u00e9n, zn\u00e1my ako <strong>mestsk\u00fd tepeln\u00fd ostrov (UHI)<\/strong>, <!--more-->sp\u00f4sobuje, \u017ee zastavan\u00e9 oblasti vykazuj\u00fa v\u00fdrazne vy\u0161\u0161ie teploty ne\u017e ich vidiecke okolie.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Pre\u010do s\u00fa mest\u00e1 teplej\u0161ie?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Hlavn\u00fdm motorom mestsk\u00e9ho tepla s\u00fa povrchov\u00e9 charakteristiky krajiny. <strong>Nepriepustn\u00e9 materi\u00e1ly<\/strong>, ako s\u00fa asfalt a bet\u00f3n, absorbuj\u00fa a zadr\u017eiavaj\u00fa teplo, zatia\u013e \u010do nedostatok veget\u00e1cie obmedzuje prirodzen\u00e9 ochladzovanie prostredn\u00edctvom tie\u0148a a vyparovania (evapotranspir\u00e1cie). Situ\u00e1ciu zhor\u0161uje <strong>antropog\u00e9nne teplo<\/strong> \u2013 odpadov\u00e9 teplo z dopravy, priemyslu a najm\u00e4 klimatiza\u010dn\u00fdch syst\u00e9mov. Klimatiz\u00e1cie vytv\u00e1raj\u00fa za\u010darovan\u00fd kruh: hoci ochladzuj\u00fa interi\u00e9ry, do mestsk\u00fdch ul\u00edc vyp\u00fa\u0161\u0165aj\u00fa teplo, ktor\u00e9 m\u00f4\u017ee lok\u00e1lne zv\u00fd\u0161i\u0165 teplotu vzduchu a\u017e o <strong>1 a\u017e 3 \u00b0C<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u010co sa stane pri glob\u00e1lnom oteplen\u00ed o 2 \u00b0C?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Prekro\u010denie kritickej hranice 2 \u00b0C glob\u00e1lneho oteplenia, stanovenej Par\u00ed\u017eskou dohodou, bude ma\u0165 pre mestsk\u00e9 obyvate\u013estvo dramatick\u00e9 n\u00e1sledky:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>R\u00fdchlej\u0161ie otep\u013eovanie miest:<\/strong> \u0160t\u00fadia 104 stredne ve\u013ek\u00fdch miest v tr\u00f3poch a subtr\u00f3poch ukazuje, \u017ee v <strong>81 % z nich<\/strong> sa priemern\u00e1 ro\u010dn\u00e1 teplota povrchu zv\u00fd\u0161i r\u00fdchlej\u0161ie ako v okolitej vidieckej krajine.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Extr\u00e9mne n\u00e1rasty v \u00c1zii:<\/strong> V niektor\u00fdch mest\u00e1ch, najm\u00e4 v Indii a \u010c\u00edne, sa predpoklad\u00e1, \u017ee teplota povrchu st\u00fapne o \u010fal\u0161\u00edch <strong>50 a\u017e 112 %<\/strong> nad r\u00e1mec region\u00e1lnych projekci\u00ed otep\u013eovania.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Zintenz\u00edvnenie zdravotn\u00fdch riz\u00edk:<\/strong> Extr\u00e9mne teploty s\u00fa v Eur\u00f3pe pova\u017eovan\u00e9 za jedny z najsmrte\u013enej\u0161\u00edch nebezpe\u010denstiev. Zv\u00fd\u0161enie teploty v meste o jedin\u00fd stupe\u0148 Celzia po\u010das vlny hor\u00fa\u010dav m\u00f4\u017ee zv\u00fd\u0161i\u0165 \u00famrtnos\u0165 o <strong>2 a\u017e 5 %<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Energetick\u00fd kolaps:<\/strong> Dopyt po elektrine na chladenie m\u00f4\u017ee po\u010das extr\u00e9mnych hor\u00fa\u010dav st\u00fapnu\u0165 o <strong>20 a\u017e 30 %<\/strong>, \u010do predstavuje obrovsk\u00fa z\u00e1\u0165a\u017e pre energetick\u00e9 siete a zvy\u0161uje riziko v\u00fdpadkov.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Kto je najviac ohrozen\u00fd?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Tepeln\u00fd stres nezasahuje v\u0161etk\u00fdch obyvate\u013eov rovnako. Medzi <strong>\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0636\u0639\u0641\u0627<\/strong> patria star\u0161\u00ed \u013eudia (nad 65 rokov), deti do 14 rokov, tehotn\u00e9 \u017eeny, \u013eudia s chronick\u00fdmi ochoreniami a popul\u00e1cie s n\u00edzkymi pr\u00edjmami, ktor\u00e9 maj\u00fa obmedzen\u00fd pr\u00edstup k zeleni alebo kvalitn\u00e9mu b\u00fdvaniu. Soci\u00e1lna izol\u00e1cia a \u017eivot v zle izolovan\u00fdch bytoch na najvy\u0161\u0161\u00edch poschodiach s\u00fa \u010fal\u0161\u00edmi rizikov\u00fdmi faktormi.<\/p>\n<h4>Mo\u017enosti adapt\u00e1cie: Ako ochladi\u0165 mest\u00e1?<\/h4>\n<p>Mest\u00e1 nie s\u00fa vo\u010di tomuto v\u00fdvoju bezmocn\u00e9. Adapt\u00e1cia si v\u0161ak vy\u017eaduje integrovan\u00fd pr\u00edstup, ktor\u00fd zdroje ozna\u010duj\u00fa ako tri cesty:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>&#8222;Zelen\u00e9 mesto&#8220;:<\/strong> Roz\u0161irovanie mestskej zelene a v\u00fdsadba stromov. Stromy m\u00f4\u017eu zn\u00ed\u017ei\u0165 teplotu okolia o <strong>2 a\u017e 9 \u00b0C<\/strong> v\u010faka tie\u0148u a odparovaniu vody.<\/li>\n<li><strong>&#8222;Modr\u00e9 mesto&#8220;:<\/strong> Vyu\u017e\u00edvanie vodn\u00fdch pl\u00f4ch, font\u00e1n a jazierok na prirodzen\u00e9 ochladzovanie odparovan\u00edm.<\/li>\n<li><strong>&#8222;Biele mesto&#8220;:<\/strong> Pou\u017e\u00edvanie svetl\u00fdch, vysoko reflexn\u00fdch materi\u00e1lov na strechy a chodn\u00edky (tzv. materi\u00e1ly s vysok\u00fdm albedom), ktor\u00e9 pohlcuj\u00fa a\u017e o <strong>90 % menej<\/strong> slne\u010dn\u00e9ho \u017eiarenia ne\u017e tmav\u00fd asfalt.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>Nov\u00e9 technol\u00f3gie, ako napr\u00edklad <strong>multimod\u00e1lne r\u00e1mce AI (napr. GSM-UTCI)<\/strong>, dnes umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00fa pl\u00e1nova\u010dom simulova\u0165 r\u00f4zne scen\u00e1re zelenej transform\u00e1cie a presne kvantifikova\u0165 ich chladiaci \u00fa\u010dinok e\u0161te pred samotnou realiz\u00e1ciou. Tieto n\u00e1stroje potvrdzuj\u00fa, \u017ee cielen\u00e1 premena nepriepustn\u00fdch povrchov na tr\u00e1vnat\u00e9 plochy alebo koruny stromov m\u00f4\u017ee zn\u00ed\u017ei\u0165 pocitov\u00fa teplotu (UTCI) v priemere a\u017e o <strong>4,18 \u00b0C<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>Bud\u00facnos\u0165 miest pri prekro\u010den\u00ed 2 \u00b0C z\u00e1vis\u00ed od toho, ako r\u00fdchlo dok\u00e1\u017eu mestsk\u00ed pl\u00e1nova\u010di a politici premeni\u0165 &#8222;bet\u00f3nov\u00e9 d\u017eungle&#8220; na odoln\u00e9 a udr\u017eate\u013en\u00e9 prostredia pre \u017eivot.<em><strong> JRi&amp;CO2AI\u00a0<\/strong><\/em><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Mest\u00e1 po celom svete sa st\u00e1vaj\u00fa ohniskami narastaj\u00faceho tepeln\u00e9ho stresu, ktor\u00fd je poh\u00e1\u0148an\u00fd kombin\u00e1ciou glob\u00e1lnej zmeny kl\u00edmy a r\u00fdchlej urbaniz\u00e1cie. Tento fenom\u00e9n, zn\u00e1my ako mestsk\u00fd tepeln\u00fd ostrov (UHI),<\/p>","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[40,4],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-38677","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-adaptacia-na-zmenu-klimy","category-klimaticka-zmena"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.co2news.sk\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/38677","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.co2news.sk\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.co2news.sk\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.co2news.sk\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/7"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.co2news.sk\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=38677"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.co2news.sk\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/38677\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":38679,"href":"https:\/\/www.co2news.sk\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/38677\/revisions\/38679"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.co2news.sk\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=38677"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.co2news.sk\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=38677"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.co2news.sk\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=38677"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}