{"id":38595,"date":"2026-01-21T16:33:16","date_gmt":"2026-01-21T15:33:16","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.co2news.sk\/?p=38595"},"modified":"2026-01-21T16:39:56","modified_gmt":"2026-01-21T15:39:56","slug":"menej-masa-viac-lesa-cesta-k-zachrane-biodiverzity-vedie-cez-zmenu-jedalnicka","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.co2news.sk\/ar\/2026\/01\/21\/menej-masa-viac-lesa-cesta-k-zachrane-biodiverzity-vedie-cez-zmenu-jedalnicka\/","title":{"rendered":"Menej m\u00e4sa, viac lesa: Cesta k z\u00e1chrane biodiverzity vedie cez zmenu jed\u00e1lni\u010dka"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>S\u00favislos\u0165 medzi obsahom n\u00e1\u0161ho n\u00e1kupn\u00e9ho ko\u0161\u00edka a ni\u010den\u00edm vzdialen\u00fdch tropick\u00fdch ekosyst\u00e9mov je ove\u013ea priamej\u0161ia, ne\u017e si v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ina spotrebite\u013eov prip\u00fa\u0161\u0165a. Najnov\u0161ie ekonomick\u00e9 a environment\u00e1lne anal\u00fdzy odha\u013euj\u00fa <!--more-->alarmuj\u00facu skuto\u010dnos\u0165: <strong>zv\u00fd\u0161enie ro\u010dnej spotreby m\u00e4sa na obyvate\u013ea o jedin\u00fd kilogram je spojen\u00e9 s takmer 2 % n\u00e1rastom dovozu \u201estelesnen\u00e9ho\u201c odles\u0148ovania<\/strong>. Tento proces nie je len ot\u00e1zkou straty stromov, ale predstavuje priamu hrozbu pre glob\u00e1lnu biodiverzitu, pri\u010dom produkcia m\u00e4sa pre\u017e\u00favavcov nesie a\u017e 340-kr\u00e1t vy\u0161\u0161ie riziko vyhynutia druhov ne\u017e pestovanie obiln\u00edn.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Nevidite\u013en\u00e1 ni\u0165 glob\u00e1lneho obchodu<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Hoci v mnoh\u00fdch rozvinut\u00fdch krajin\u00e1ch, ako s\u00fa USA, Japonsko alebo \u0161t\u00e1ty Eur\u00f3py, plocha lesov narast\u00e1, glob\u00e1lne lesn\u00e9 plochy sa v rokoch 1990 a\u017e 2020 zmen\u0161ili o 180 mili\u00f3nov hekt\u00e1rov. D\u00f4vodom je <strong>outsourcing environment\u00e1lnej z\u00e1\u0165a\u017ee<\/strong>. Bohat\u0161ie krajiny s vy\u0161\u0161\u00edm HDP na obyvate\u013ea prostredn\u00edctvom medzin\u00e1rodn\u00e9ho obchodu pres\u00favaj\u00fa tlak na vyu\u017e\u00edvanie p\u00f4dy do tropick\u00fdch oblast\u00ed.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Ekonomick\u00e1 asymetria:<\/strong> Zatia\u013e \u010do n\u00e1rast HDP o 1 % v exportn\u00fdch krajin\u00e1ch je spojen\u00fd s miernym poklesom odles\u0148ovania, v importn\u00fdch krajin\u00e1ch ten ist\u00fd n\u00e1rast HDP vedie k 0,88 % zv\u00fd\u0161eniu dovozu produktov spojen\u00fdch s odles\u0148ovan\u00edm.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Stelesnen\u00e9 odles\u0148ovanie:<\/strong> Tento term\u00edn ozna\u010duje stratu lesa spojen\u00fa s produkciou komod\u00edt, ktor\u00e9 sa n\u00e1sledne obchoduj\u00fa a konzumuj\u00fa \u010faleko od miesta p\u00f4vodu. Pribli\u017ene jedna \u0161tvrtina a\u017e jedna tretina glob\u00e1lneho odles\u0148ovania je priamo viazan\u00e1 na medzin\u00e1rodn\u00fd export.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>M\u00e4so ako hlavn\u00fd motor de\u0161trukcie<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Po\u013enohospod\u00e1rstvo, konkr\u00e9tne expanzia pastv\u00edn a ornej p\u00f4dy pre krmoviny, je zodpovedn\u00e9 za pribli\u017ene <strong>90 % glob\u00e1lneho odles\u0148ovania<\/strong>. Hlavn\u00fdmi vinn\u00edkmi s\u00fa hov\u00e4dz\u00ed dobytok, s\u00f3ja (vyu\u017e\u00edvan\u00e1 preva\u017ene ako krmivo) a palmov\u00fd olej.<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>Hov\u00e4dz\u00ed dobytok:<\/strong> Chov dobytka a produkcia hov\u00e4dzieho m\u00e4sa s\u00fa dominantn\u00fdm faktorom odles\u0148ovania, najm\u00e4 v Latinskej Amerike. Odhaduje sa, \u017ee a\u017e 80 % odles\u0148ovania v Amaz\u00f3nii je poh\u00e1\u0148an\u00fdch pr\u00e1ve produkciou m\u00e4sa.<\/li>\n<li><strong>S\u00f3ja a krmiv\u00e1:<\/strong> Eur\u00f3pska nadspotreba m\u00e4sa vytv\u00e1ra obrovsk\u00fd dopyt po dov\u00e1\u017eanej s\u00f3ji na k\u0155menie hospod\u00e1rskych zvierat. E\u00da je po \u010c\u00edne druh\u00fdm najv\u00e4\u010d\u0161\u00edm dovozcom s\u00f3je spojenej s tropick\u00fdm odles\u0148ovan\u00edm.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Neefekt\u00edvnos\u0165 syst\u00e9mu:<\/strong> Na pastviny pre dobytok pripad\u00e1 pribli\u017ene 25 % svetovej p\u00f4dy bez \u013eadu, av\u0161ak m\u00e4so a mlie\u010dne v\u00fdrobky poskytuj\u00fa \u013eudstvu len 18 % celkov\u00fdch kal\u00f3ri\u00ed.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><strong>Jedlo a vyhynutie druhov: Cena za n\u00e1\u0161 tanier<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Po\u013enohospod\u00e1rstvo a premena prirodzen\u00fdch biotopov predstavuj\u00fa najv\u00e4\u010d\u0161iu hrozbu pre glob\u00e1lnu biodiverzitu. Vedci dnes dok\u00e1\u017eu kvantifikova\u0165 tieto dopady pomocou metriky <strong>LIFE<\/strong> (Land-cover change Impacts on Future Extinctions), ktor\u00e1 hodnot\u00ed vplyv vyu\u017e\u00edvania p\u00f4dy na riziko vyhynutia pribli\u017ene 30 000 druhov stavovcov.<\/p>\n<p><strong>N\u00e1klady obetovanej pr\u00edle\u017eitosti<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Tento pr\u00edstup ch\u00e1pe s\u00fa\u010dasn\u00fa spotrebu potrav\u00edn ako <strong>straten\u00fa pr\u00edle\u017eitos\u0165 na obnovu biodiverzity<\/strong>. Rozdiely medzi komoditami s\u00fa priepastn\u00e9:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>M\u00e4so pre\u017e\u00favavcov:<\/strong> M\u00e1 glob\u00e1lne medi\u00e1nov\u00e9 n\u00e1klady na vyhynutie druhov pribli\u017ene <strong>340-kr\u00e1t vy\u0161\u0161ie ako obilniny<\/strong> a 100-kr\u00e1t vy\u0161\u0161ie ako rastlinn\u00e9 prote\u00edny (strukoviny).<\/li>\n<li><strong>Region\u00e1lny dopad:<\/strong> Produkty z tropick\u00fdch a subtropick\u00fdch oblast\u00ed maj\u00fa spravidla vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed dopad na kilogram kv\u00f4li v\u00fdnimo\u010dnej \u00farovni endemizmu a biodiverzity v t\u00fdchto regi\u00f3noch.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Luxusn\u00e9 komodity:<\/strong> K\u00e1va, kakao a korenie maj\u00fa tie\u017e vysok\u00fd podiel na riziku vyhynutia, hoci sa konzumuj\u00fa v men\u0161\u00edch mno\u017estv\u00e1ch.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Pre krajiny glob\u00e1lneho severu, ako s\u00fa Spojen\u00e9 kr\u00e1\u013eovstvo alebo Japonsko, poch\u00e1dza <strong>95 % a\u017e 98 % dopadov ich spotreby na biodiverzitu z dov\u00e1\u017ean\u00fdch komod\u00edt<\/strong>. T\u00fdmto sp\u00f4sobom bohat\u00e9 n\u00e1rody pren\u00e1\u0161aj\u00fa riziko vyhynutia druhov na biodiverznej\u0161ie \u010dasti sveta.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Klimatick\u00e9 a environment\u00e1lne s\u00favislosti<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Okrem straty biotopov prispieva \u017eivo\u010d\u00ed\u0161na v\u00fdroba k environment\u00e1lnej kr\u00edze aj in\u00fdmi sp\u00f4sobmi:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0646\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062b\u0627\u062a \u063a\u0627\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a:<\/strong> Chov hospod\u00e1rskych zvierat je zodpovedn\u00fd za pribli\u017ene <strong>15 % a\u017e 18 % glob\u00e1lnych emisi\u00ed<\/strong>. Odles\u0148ovanie tropick\u00fdch pralesov tvor\u00ed zhruba \u0161estinu (15 %) celkovej uhl\u00edkovej stopy stravy priemern\u00e9ho ob\u010dana E\u00da.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Voda a zne\u010distenie:<\/strong> Produkcia jedn\u00e9ho kilogramu hov\u00e4dzieho m\u00e4sa vy\u017eaduje v niektor\u00fdch oblastiach a\u017e 20 000 litrov vody, zatia\u013e \u010do na kilogram p\u0161enice sta\u010d\u00ed zlomok tohto mno\u017estva. Koncentrovan\u00fd odpad z chovu zvierat navy\u0161e kontaminuje ovzdu\u0161ie a vodn\u00e9 zdroje.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Odles\u0148ovanie na ra\u0161elinisk\u00e1ch:<\/strong> V Indon\u00e9zii je a\u017e \u0161tvrtina emisi\u00ed spojen\u00fdch s po\u013enohospod\u00e1rstvom sp\u00f4soben\u00e1 odvod\u0148ovan\u00edm ra\u0161elin\u00edsk, najm\u00e4 kv\u00f4li palmov\u00e9mu oleju.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Cesta k rie\u0161eniu: Menej m\u00e4sa, viac lesa<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Odborn\u00edci sa zhoduj\u00fa, \u017ee drastick\u00e9 zn\u00ed\u017eenie spotreby \u017eivo\u010d\u00ed\u0161nych produktov, najm\u00e4 hov\u00e4dzieho m\u00e4sa, je k\u013e\u00fa\u010dom k odvr\u00e1teniu kr\u00edzy vyhynutia a zmierneniu klimatick\u00fdch zmien.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Sila n\u00e1hrad:<\/strong> Nahradenie len <strong>20 % glob\u00e1lnej spotreby hov\u00e4dzieho m\u00e4sa<\/strong> alternat\u00edvami (napr. mikrobi\u00e1lnym prote\u00ednom) do roku 2050 by mohlo <strong>zn\u00ed\u017ei\u0165 odles\u0148ovanie na polovicu<\/strong> a emisie met\u00e1nu o 11 %.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Zmena stravy:<\/strong> Prechod na rastlinn\u00fa stravu by mohol zn\u00ed\u017ei\u0165 potrebu po\u013enohospod\u00e1rskej p\u00f4dy o 76 %. Ak by sa v USA podiel energie z m\u00e4sa pre\u017e\u00favavcov zn\u00ed\u017eil zo 4 % na 1 %, celkov\u00e9 n\u00e1klady na vyhynutie druhov by klesli takmer o tri \u0161tvrtiny.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Politick\u00e9 opatrenia:<\/strong> Eur\u00f3pska \u00fania v roku 2023 prijala nariadenie o <strong>produktoch bez odles\u0148ovania<\/strong> (Regulation (EU) 2023\/1115), ktor\u00e9 vy\u017eaduje od obchodn\u00edkov d\u00f4kaz, \u017ee produkty ako hov\u00e4dzie m\u00e4so, s\u00f3ja \u010di k\u00e1va nepoch\u00e1dzaj\u00fa z odlesnenej p\u00f4dy.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Ka\u017ed\u00e9 na\u0161e rozhodnutie pri pulte s m\u00e4som m\u00e1 glob\u00e1lne n\u00e1sledky. \u0160tatistick\u00e1 korel\u00e1cia medzi kilogramom m\u00e4sa a 2 % n\u00e1rastom odles\u0148ovania nie je len abstraktn\u00e9 \u010d\u00edslo, ale priamy odraz prepojenosti n\u00e1\u0161ho \u017eivotn\u00e9ho \u0161t\u00fdlu s osudom tropick\u00fdch pralesov a tis\u00edcok ohrozen\u00fdch druhov. Zn\u00ed\u017eenie dopytu po m\u00e4se v bohat\u00fdch krajin\u00e1ch nie je len ot\u00e1zkou osobn\u00e9ho zdravia, ale nevyhnutn\u00fdm krokom k zachovaniu biodiverzity plan\u00e9ty pre bud\u00face gener\u00e1cie. <em><strong>JRi&amp;CO2AI\u00a0<\/strong><\/em><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>S\u00favislos\u0165 medzi obsahom n\u00e1\u0161ho n\u00e1kupn\u00e9ho ko\u0161\u00edka a ni\u010den\u00edm vzdialen\u00fdch tropick\u00fdch ekosyst\u00e9mov je ove\u013ea priamej\u0161ia, ne\u017e si v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ina spotrebite\u013eov prip\u00fa\u0161\u0165a. Najnov\u0161ie ekonomick\u00e9 a environment\u00e1lne anal\u00fdzy odha\u013euj\u00fa<\/p>","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[4],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-38595","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-klimaticka-zmena"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.co2news.sk\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/38595","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.co2news.sk\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.co2news.sk\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.co2news.sk\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/7"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.co2news.sk\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=38595"}],"version-history":[{"count":6,"href":"https:\/\/www.co2news.sk\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/38595\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":38601,"href":"https:\/\/www.co2news.sk\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/38595\/revisions\/38601"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.co2news.sk\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=38595"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.co2news.sk\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=38595"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.co2news.sk\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=38595"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}