{"id":38371,"date":"2025-12-05T15:17:35","date_gmt":"2025-12-05T14:17:35","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.co2news.sk\/?p=38371"},"modified":"2025-12-05T16:57:40","modified_gmt":"2025-12-05T15:57:40","slug":"klimaticka-nevedomost-prekazka-riadenia-samosprav","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.co2news.sk\/ar\/2025\/12\/05\/klimaticka-nevedomost-prekazka-riadenia-samosprav\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0644 \u0628\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e: \u0639\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>\u064a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u062c\u0648\u0647\u0631\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0633\u0644\u0648\u0641\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0627. \u0648\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0623\u0646 \u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e \u062a\u064f\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0633\u0644\u0648\u0641\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u0645\u060c<!--more-->, v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ina mestsk\u00fdch a obecn\u00fdch samospr\u00e1v si st\u00e1le neuvedomuje potenci\u00e1lne klimatick\u00e9 rizik\u00e1, ktor\u00fdm \u010del\u00ed dnes a v nadch\u00e1dzaj\u00facich rokoch. Napriek existuj\u00facim n\u00e1rodn\u00fdm adapta\u010dn\u00fdm politik\u00e1m a rozsiahlemu zhodnoteniu riz\u00edk je k\u013e\u00fa\u010dov\u00fdm kritick\u00fdm zisten\u00edm rozsiahly rozpor medzi stanoven\u00fdmi strategick\u00fdmi cie\u013emi, existuj\u00facim financovan\u00edm a re\u00e1lnou schopnos\u0165ou implementova\u0165 potrebn\u00e9 opatrenia na lok\u00e1lnej \u00farovni.<\/p>\n<p>Tento kritick\u00fd poh\u013ead ukazuje, \u017ee cesta k posilneniu odolnosti Slovenska nar\u00e1\u017ea na pretrv\u00e1vaj\u00face in\u0161titucion\u00e1lne prek\u00e1\u017eky, nedostatok kapac\u00edt a alarmuj\u00faco n\u00edzku \u00farove\u0148 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.co2news.sk\/ar\/2024\/06\/18\/%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%aa%d8%b9%d9%84%d9%8a%d9%85-%d9%88%d9%85%d8%ad%d9%88-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a3%d9%85%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%83%d8%b1%d8%a8%d9%88%d9%86%d9%8a%d8%a9\/\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">klimatickej gramotnosti<\/span><\/a>, ktor\u00e9 spolo\u010dne oslabuj\u00fa schopnos\u0165 \u0161t\u00e1tu efekt\u00edvne sa adaptova\u0165 na hrozby, ako s\u00fa extr\u00e9mne hor\u00fa\u010davy, sucho a intenz\u00edvne zr\u00e1\u017eky.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Neodkladn\u00e1 hrozba a potreba d\u00e1tovo orientovanej adapt\u00e1cie<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Slovensko u\u017e poci\u0165uje negat\u00edvne vplyvy klimatick\u00fdch zmien, vr\u00e1tane podstatn\u00e9ho n\u00e1rastu priemernej ro\u010dnej teploty vzduchu a zmien v zr\u00e1\u017ekach (pokles na juhu, n\u00e1rast na severe). Predpoklad\u00e1 sa, \u017ee tieto vplyvy bud\u00fa na\u010falej zhor\u0161ova\u0165 vodn\u00fa bilanciu, ohrozova\u0165 k\u013e\u00fa\u010dov\u00e9 ekonomick\u00e9 sektory (po\u013enohospod\u00e1rstvo, lesn\u00edctvo) a zvy\u0161ova\u0165 rizik\u00e1 pre \u013eudsk\u00e9 zdravie. V\u00fdskyt extr\u00e9mne such\u00fdch a vlhk\u00fdch obdob\u00ed v kr\u00e1tkom \u010dase sa v\u00fdrazne zv\u00fd\u0161il, \u010do viedlo k prudk\u00fdm povodniam a z\u00e1rove\u0148 k pretrv\u00e1vaj\u00facim such\u00fdm obdobiam, najm\u00e4 v ju\u017en\u00fdch regi\u00f3noch,.<\/p>\n<p>D\u00e1tovo orientovan\u00fd pr\u00edstup k adapt\u00e1cii, ktor\u00fd sa \u010doraz viac presadzuje v rozhodovan\u00ed, je k\u013e\u00fa\u010dov\u00fd pre efekt\u00edvnu alok\u00e1ciu zdrojov. Anal\u00fdza, ak\u00e1 bola pou\u017eit\u00e1 v \u0161t\u00fadii OECD, rozde\u013euje obce do desiatich \u00farovn\u00ed rizika pre tri hlavn\u00e9 hrozby: <strong>extr\u00e9mne teplo, sucho a extr\u00e9mne zr\u00e1\u017eky<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Riziko extr\u00e9mneho tepla<\/strong>: Je najvy\u0161\u0161ie na juhu Slovenska, vr\u00e1tane Bratislavy, Kom\u00e1rna, Nov\u00fdch Z\u00e1mkov a Rimavskej Soboty,. Ohrozen\u00fdch je viac ako 16 % popul\u00e1cie Slovenska, najm\u00e4 v husto urbanizovan\u00fdch oblastiach s n\u00edzkym pr\u00edstupom k zdravotnej starostlivosti a vysok\u00fdm podielom zranite\u013enej popul\u00e1cie (deti do 4 rokov a seniori nad 70 rokov),.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Riziko sucha<\/strong>: Je najv\u00fdraznej\u0161ie na juhoz\u00e1pade, najm\u00e4 v Bratislave a oblasti \u017ditn\u00e9ho ostrova, ktor\u00e1 je kritickou po\u013enohospod\u00e1rskou p\u00f4dou a najv\u00e4\u010d\u0161ou z\u00e1sob\u00e1r\u0148ou pitnej vody v krajine,.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Riziko extr\u00e9mnych zr\u00e1\u017eok<\/strong>: Hroz\u00ed najm\u00e4 v severn\u00fdch okresoch (Tvrdo\u0161\u00edn, Doln\u00fd Kub\u00edn, Kysuck\u00e9 Nov\u00e9 Mesto), kde zohr\u00e1va \u00falohu historick\u00e1 expoz\u00edcia siln\u00fdm da\u017e\u010fom a zosuvom p\u00f4dy,.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Priepas\u0165 medzi politikou a financovan\u00edm<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Z\u00e1sadn\u00fdm kritick\u00fdm bodom v slovenskej adapta\u010dnej politike je absencia jasn\u00e9ho a funk\u010dn\u00e9ho prepojenia medzi adapta\u010dn\u00fdmi prioritami a finan\u010dn\u00fdmi mechanizmami. Aj ke\u010f existuje <a href=\"https:\/\/www.minzp.sk\/files\/odbor-politiky-zmeny-klimy\/strategia-adaptacie-sr-zmenu-klimy-aktualizacia.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">N\u00e1rodn\u00e1 adapta\u010dn\u00e1 strat\u00e9gia (NAS)<\/span><\/a> \u0648 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.minzp.sk\/files\/odbor-politiky-zmeny-klimy\/akcny-plan-implementaciu-nas.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">N\u00e1rodn\u00fd adapta\u010dn\u00fd pl\u00e1n (NAP)<\/span><\/a>, ktor\u00e9 definuj\u00fa ciele a opatrenia, nebola doteraz vyvinut\u00e1 \u0161pecifick\u00e1 metodol\u00f3gia na hodnotenie n\u00e1kladov a pr\u00ednosov adapta\u010dn\u00fdch opatren\u00ed, ktor\u00e1 by pomohla ich prioritiz\u00e1cii,.<\/p>\n<p>S\u00fa\u010dasn\u00e1 prioritiz\u00e1cia environment\u00e1lneho financovania v r\u00e1mci Ministerstva \u017eivotn\u00e9ho prostredia (PIP) je obmedzen\u00e1, preto\u017ee posudzuje len rizik\u00e1 sucha a tepla a neberie do \u00favahy v\u0161etky obce, len tie nad 5000 obyvate\u013eov,,.<\/p>\n<p>Historicky bolo financovanie adapt\u00e1cie na Slovensku zameran\u00e9 hlavne na <strong>prevent\u00edvne opatrenia na ochranu pred povod\u0148ami<\/strong>,. Hoci s\u00fa povodne pretrv\u00e1vaj\u00facim rizikom, zdroje poukazuj\u00fa na potrebu cieli\u0165 financovanie na \u0161ir\u0161iu \u0161k\u00e1lu opatren\u00ed, aby sa rie\u0161ili aj in\u00e9 rizik\u00e1. Navy\u0161e, v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ina projektov s\u00favisiacich s adapt\u00e1ciou bola financovan\u00e1 z extern\u00fdch zdrojov, ako s\u00fa fondy E\u00da, \u010do pod\u010diarkuje potrebu komplexnej dom\u00e1cej strat\u00e9gie,. Aj ke\u010f m\u00e1 Slovensko v r\u00e1mci Pl\u00e1nu obnovy a odolnosti (RRP) pridelen\u00fdch 159 mili\u00f3nov EUR na adapta\u010dn\u00e9 opatrenia, je kriticky nutn\u00e9, aby sa tieto zdroje alokovali efekt\u00edvne na z\u00e1klade spo\u013eahliv\u00e9ho pos\u00fadenia riz\u00edk, ako to navrhuje napr\u00edklad metodika OECD,.<\/p>\n<p><strong>In\u0161titucion\u00e1lne a riadiace bari\u00e9ry: Glob\u00e1lny probl\u00e9m, lok\u00e1lne d\u00f4sledky<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Adapt\u00e1cia na zmenu kl\u00edmy je zlo\u017eit\u00fd a prierezov\u00fd proces. Na Slovensku, rovnako ako v celej Eur\u00f3pe, br\u00e1nia efekt\u00edvnej implement\u00e1cii adapta\u010dn\u00fdch opatren\u00ed najm\u00e4 in\u0161titucion\u00e1lne prek\u00e1\u017eky,. V celoeur\u00f3pskom meradle sa in\u0161titucion\u00e1lne bari\u00e9ry uk\u00e1zali ako najv\u00fdznamnej\u0161ie prek\u00e1\u017eky (tvorili 56 % v\u0161etk\u00fdch nahl\u00e1sen\u00fdch prek\u00e1\u017eok).<\/p>\n<p>Medzi hlavn\u00e9 prek\u00e1\u017eky patria:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>Fragment\u00e1cia zodpovednosti a slab\u00e1 koordin\u00e1cia<\/strong>: Lok\u00e1lne spr\u00e1vy \u010delia nedostato\u010dnej koordin\u00e1cii medzi r\u00f4znymi vl\u00e1dnymi \u00farov\u0148ami (vertik\u00e1lne) a rezortmi (horizont\u00e1lne),,. Region\u00e1lni z\u00e1stupcovia kritizuj\u00fa najm\u00e4 koordin\u00e1ciu s n\u00e1rodn\u00fdmi vl\u00e1dami,. Prek\u00e1\u017eky s\u00fa \u010dasto sp\u00f4soben\u00e9 prekr\u00fdvan\u00edm kompetenci\u00ed a nejasne definovan\u00fdmi \u00falohami, \u010do br\u00e1ni integrovan\u00e9mu pr\u00edstupu,.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Nedostatok politickej v\u00f4le a kapac\u00edt<\/strong>: Naj\u010dastej\u0161ie uv\u00e1dzanou prek\u00e1\u017ekou adapt\u00e1cie na komun\u00e1lnej \u00farovni je <strong>nedostatok politickej podpory zo strany volen\u00fdch l\u00eddrov<\/strong>,,. Ak adapt\u00e1cia nie je vysokou prioritou v politickej agende, obmedzuj\u00fa sa finan\u010dn\u00e9 a \u013eudsk\u00e9 zdroje pre t\u00fato oblas\u0165. Miestne samospr\u00e1vy \u010delia nedostatku technick\u00fdch a \u0161pecializovan\u00fdch zru\u010dnost\u00ed (kapacita a zru\u010dnosti), obmedzen\u00e9mu po\u010dtu \u013eudsk\u00fdch zdrojov a celkovo slabej organiza\u010dnej schopnosti efekt\u00edvne riadi\u0165 komplexn\u00e9 adapta\u010dn\u00e9 \u00falohy,,.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Medzery v monitorovan\u00ed a znalostiach<\/strong>: Hoci je sledovanie pokroku k\u013e\u00fa\u010dov\u00e9, Slovensko zatia\u013e nevyvinulo \u0161pecifick\u00fa metodol\u00f3giu ani ukazovatele na monitorovanie implement\u00e1cie adapta\u010dn\u00fdch opatren\u00ed. Na region\u00e1lnej \u00farovni v Eur\u00f3pe je tie\u017e be\u017en\u00fdm probl\u00e9mom <strong>nedostatok spo\u013eahliv\u00fdch region\u00e1lnych d\u00e1t<\/strong>,, vedeck\u00fdch inform\u00e1ci\u00ed a metodick\u00e9ho pr\u00edstupu na aplik\u00e1ciu dostupn\u00fdch znalost\u00ed. Iba 36 % eur\u00f3pskych region\u00e1lnych respondentov uviedlo, \u017ee ich adapta\u010dn\u00e9 n\u00e1stroje zah\u0155\u0148aj\u00fa monitorovac\u00ed a hodnotiaci syst\u00e9m.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><strong>Klimatick\u00e1 negramotnos\u0165 a behavior\u00e1lne bari\u00e9ry<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Kritick\u00fa implementa\u010dn\u00fa v\u00fdzvu predstavuj\u00fa aj behavior\u00e1lne a socio-kult\u00farne faktory, ktor\u00e9 odr\u00e1\u017eaj\u00fa n\u00edzke zapojenie a pochopenie zo strany verejnosti,.<\/p>\n<p>Prieskumy (Allianz Climate Literacy Survey) potvrdzuj\u00fa, \u017ee hoci <strong>76,8 % respondentov sa ob\u00e1va klimatick\u00fdch zmien<\/strong>, len 7,9 % m\u00e1 vysok\u00fa \u00farove\u0148 klimatickej gramotnosti, zatia\u013e \u010do <strong>48,2 % m\u00e1 n\u00edzku \u00farove\u0148 vedomost\u00ed<\/strong> o glob\u00e1lnom otep\u013eovan\u00ed,. Paradoxne, vysok\u00e1 \u00farove\u0148 ob\u00e1v nie je sprev\u00e1dzan\u00e1 lep\u0161\u00edmi inform\u00e1ciami.<\/p>\n<p>Tento emocion\u00e1lny rozmer, spojen\u00fd s n\u00edzkou gramotnos\u0165ou, rob\u00ed klimatick\u00fa politiku n\u00e1chylnou na populizmus, ktor\u00fd zjednodu\u0161uje komplexn\u00e9 t\u00e9my a odmieta expertov,. Nedostatok povedomia a anga\u017eovanosti ob\u010danov bol ozna\u010den\u00fd za jednu z hlavn\u00fdch socio-kult\u00farnych prek\u00e1\u017eok adapt\u00e1cie,. Ob\u010dania a komunity s\u00fa \u010dasto m\u00e1lo zap\u00e1jan\u00e9 do implementa\u010dnej f\u00e1zy adapta\u010dn\u00fdch procesov.<\/p>\n<p>Slovensko dosiahlo v\u00fdznamn\u00fd pokrok v identifik\u00e1cii klimatick\u00fdch riz\u00edk na komun\u00e1lnej \u00farovni prostredn\u00edctvom d\u00e1tovo podlo\u017een\u00fdch met\u00f3d, \u010do je z\u00e1klad pre efekt\u00edvne politick\u00e9 rozhodovanie. Av\u0161ak, k\u00fdm tieto rizik\u00e1 rast\u00fa na intenzite, implement\u00e1cia adapt\u00e1cie je paralyzovan\u00e1 \u0161truktur\u00e1lnymi slabinami, ktor\u00e9 s\u00fa, paradoxne, hlb\u0161ie zakorenen\u00e9 v riaden\u00ed ne\u017e vo financi\u00e1ch.<\/p>\n<p>Aby mohlo Slovensko efekt\u00edvne \u010deli\u0165 klimatickej kr\u00edze, je nevyhnutn\u00e9, aby nov\u00e1 adapta\u010dn\u00e1 strat\u00e9gia: 1) <strong>Prepojila financovanie s lok\u00e1lne \u0161pecifick\u00fdmi a d\u00e1tovo podlo\u017een\u00fdmi prioritami adapt\u00e1cie<\/strong> (nielen s ochranou pred povod\u0148ami),,; 2) <strong>Rie\u0161ila in\u0161titucion\u00e1lnu fragment\u00e1ciu<\/strong> a posilnila vertik\u00e1lnu koordin\u00e1ciu, najm\u00e4 zabezpe\u010den\u00edm politick\u00e9ho z\u00e1v\u00e4zku a person\u00e1lnych kapac\u00edt na lok\u00e1lnej \u00farovni,; 3) <strong>Zv\u00fd\u0161ila klimatick\u00fa gramotnos\u0165<\/strong> medzi volen\u00fdmi l\u00eddrami, \u00faradn\u00edkmi a verejnos\u0165ou,, aby sa prekonala apolitick\u00e1 ignor\u00e1cia a podporili syst\u00e9mov\u00e9 zmeny. Bez t\u00fdchto reforiem zostane amb\u00edcia vybudova\u0165 odoln\u00e9 Slovensko len r\u00e9torick\u00fdm cvi\u010den\u00edm. <em><strong>\u062c\u064a\u0647 \u0622\u0631 \u0622\u064a<\/strong><\/em><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u064a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u062c\u0648\u0647\u0631\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0633\u0644\u0648\u0641\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0627. \u0648\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0623\u0646 \u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e \u062a\u064f\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0633\u0644\u0648\u0641\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u0645\u060c<\/p>","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[42,40],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-38371","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-uhlikova_gramotnost","category-adaptacia-na-zmenu-klimy"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.co2news.sk\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/38371","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.co2news.sk\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.co2news.sk\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.co2news.sk\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/7"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.co2news.sk\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=38371"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.co2news.sk\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/38371\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.co2news.sk\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=38371"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.co2news.sk\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=38371"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.co2news.sk\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=38371"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}