{"id":38225,"date":"2025-11-15T20:06:12","date_gmt":"2025-11-15T19:06:12","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.co2news.sk\/?p=38225"},"modified":"2025-11-15T20:07:16","modified_gmt":"2025-11-15T19:07:16","slug":"polnohospodarstvo-a-zmena-klimy-scenare-pre-znizovanie-rezidualnych-emisii-v-eu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.co2news.sk\/ar\/2025\/11\/15\/polnohospodarstvo-a-zmena-klimy-scenare-pre-znizovanie-rezidualnych-emisii-v-eu\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e: \u0633\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0648\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0644\u062e\u0641\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062b\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0628\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u0644\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0628\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e\u064a \u0628\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0645 2050. \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u060c \u062a\u0632\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0648\u0636\u064a\u062d \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0641\u064a\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e \u0648\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645\u062a\u0647\u0627. k rezidu\u00e1lnym emisi\u00e1m. Rezidu\u00e1lne emisie s\u00fa zvy\u010dajne definovan\u00e9 ako tie, ktor\u00fdch zn\u00ed\u017eenie je technicky neuskuto\u010dnite\u013en\u00e9 alebo ekonomicky neopr\u00e1vnen\u00e9 za dan\u00fdch predpokladov.<\/p>\n

Po\u013enohospod\u00e1rstvo je be\u017ene ozna\u010dovan\u00e9 za sektor, pri ktorom je zni\u017eovanie emisi\u00ed \u201e\u0165a\u017ek\u00e9\u201c (hard-to-abate). O\u010dak\u00e1va sa, \u017ee sa stane najv\u00e4\u010d\u0161\u00edm prispievate\u013eom k rezidu\u00e1lnym emisi\u00e1m a do roku 2040 dominantn\u00fdm zdrojom emisi\u00ed sklen\u00edkov\u00fdch plynov (SKP) v E\u00da, ke\u010f\u017ee in\u00e9 sektory prech\u00e1dzaj\u00fa r\u00fdchlej\u0161ou dekarboniz\u00e1ciou.<\/p>\n

Kritick\u00e1 \u00faloha ne-CO\u2082 emisi\u00ed<\/h3>\n

Po\u013enohospod\u00e1rstvo je najv\u00e4\u010d\u0161\u00edm sektorov\u00fdm zdrojom glob\u00e1lnych emisi\u00ed met\u00e1nu (CH\u2084)<\/strong> \u0648 oxidu dusn\u00e9ho (N\u2082O)<\/strong>, pri\u010dom tieto ne-CO\u2082 plyny maj\u00fa v\u00fdrazne vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed potenci\u00e1l otep\u013eovania ako oxid uhli\u010dit\u00fd. N\u2082O m\u00e1 pribli\u017ene 273-kr\u00e1t v\u00e4\u010d\u0161\u00ed potenci\u00e1l glob\u00e1lneho otep\u013eovania (za 100 rokov) a po\u0161kodzuje stratosf\u00e9rick\u00fa oz\u00f3nov\u00fa vrstvu. Met\u00e1n, hoci m\u00e1 krat\u0161iu atmosf\u00e9rick\u00fa \u017eivotnos\u0165, je v kr\u00e1tkodobom horizonte (20 rokov) pribli\u017ene 84-kr\u00e1t silnej\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e CO\u2082. Je tie\u017e k\u013e\u00fa\u010dov\u00fdm faktorom pre tvorbu troposf\u00e9rick\u00e9ho oz\u00f3nu, ktor\u00fd nepriaznivo vpl\u00fdva na zdravie a sp\u00f4sobuje straty \u00farody.<\/p>\n

Ne-CO\u2082 emisie z po\u013enohospod\u00e1rstva v E\u00da (vr\u00e1tane enterickej ferment\u00e1cie a obhospodarovania p\u00f4dy) predstavovali v roku 2023 12 % celkov\u00fdch \u010dist\u00fdch emisi\u00ed SKP. Anal\u00fdza scen\u00e1rov vypracovan\u00e1 In\u0161tit\u00fatom pre eur\u00f3psku environment\u00e1lnu politiku (IEEP) sa zameriava na tri najv\u00e4\u010d\u0161ie zdroje emisi\u00ed: enterick\u00fa ferment\u00e1ciu hospod\u00e1rskych zvierat, hospod\u00e1renie s hnojom a emisie N\u2082O z po\u013enohospod\u00e1rskej p\u00f4dy.<\/p>\n

Rozsah mo\u017en\u00fdch v\u00fdsledkov<\/h3>\n

Presk\u00faman\u00e9 scen\u00e1re pre po\u013enohospod\u00e1rsky sektor E\u00da ukazuj\u00fa \u0161irok\u00fd rozsah mo\u017en\u00fdch v\u00fdsledkov. Rezidu\u00e1lne emisie sa pohybuj\u00fa od 150 Mt CO\u2082e<\/strong> do roku 2045\/2050 (scen\u00e1r Agora Agriculture) a\u017e po 275 Mt CO\u2082e<\/strong> do roku 2050 (scen\u00e1r EcAMPA 4 CP). To predstavuje rozdiel medzi 59 % a 25 % zn\u00ed\u017een\u00edm emisi\u00ed<\/strong> v porovnan\u00ed s \u00farov\u0148ami z roku 2023.<\/p>\n

Rozdiely s\u00fa prim\u00e1rne dan\u00e9 modelov\u00fdmi predpokladmi, najm\u00e4 pokia\u013e ide o zmeny v spotrebite\u013eskom spr\u00e1van\u00ed a nasadenie mitiga\u010dn\u00fdch technol\u00f3gi\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Cesty k ambici\u00f3znemu zn\u00ed\u017eeniu emisi\u00ed<\/h3>\n

Scen\u00e1re, ktor\u00e9 predpokladaj\u00fa posun v dopyte smerom od \u017eivo\u010d\u00ed\u0161nych bielkov\u00edn<\/strong> spolu so zav\u00e1dzan\u00edm mitiga\u010dn\u00fdch technol\u00f3gi\u00ed, dosahuj\u00fa najvy\u0161\u0161ie zn\u00ed\u017eenie emisi\u00ed. Tieto scen\u00e1re, ako napr\u00edklad Agora a LIFE (vypracovan\u00e9 v r\u00e1mci hodnotenia vplyvu pre cie\u013e E\u00da na rok 2040), predpokladaj\u00fa zn\u00ed\u017eenie spotreby m\u00e4sa a mlie\u010dnych v\u00fdrobkov.<\/p>\n

Tieto cesty pon\u00fakaj\u00fa aj v\u00fdznamn\u00e9 spolo\u010dn\u00e9 v\u00fdhody, ktor\u00e9 presahuj\u00fa r\u00e1mec kl\u00edmy. Zn\u00ed\u017een\u00fd dopyt po \u017eivo\u010d\u00ed\u0161nych produktoch zni\u017euje potrebu dovozu krm\u00edv (o 55\u2013100 % v scen\u00e1roch Agora a TYFA), \u010d\u00edm sa zmier\u0148uje tlak na p\u00f4du mimo E\u00da a zlep\u0161uje sa obchodn\u00e1 bilancia E\u00da. Okrem toho sa o\u010dak\u00e1va, \u017ee modelovan\u00e9 di\u00e9tne posuny (napr. v scen\u00e1ri LIFE, Agora a TYFA) poved\u00fa k pozit\u00edvnym v\u00fdsledkom v oblasti verejn\u00e9ho zdravia v\u010faka zn\u00ed\u017eeniu konzum\u00e1cie nadmern\u00e9ho mno\u017estva m\u00e4sa a nas\u00fdten\u00fdch tukov.<\/p>\n

Scen\u00e1re zameran\u00e9 na agroekol\u00f3giu (napr. TYFA) demon\u0161truj\u00fa, \u017ee po\u013enohospod\u00e1rska produkcia m\u00f4\u017ee zosta\u0165 dostato\u010dn\u00e1 na pokrytie nutri\u010dn\u00fdch potrieb E\u00da do roku 2050, dokonca aj pri celkovom poklese objemov produkcie, elimin\u00e1cii syntetick\u00fdch hnoj\u00edv a obnoven\u00ed sebesta\u010dnosti E\u00da v oblasti bielkov\u00edn.<\/p>\n

\u00daloha technol\u00f3gi\u00ed a uhl\u00edkov\u00e1 cena<\/h3>\n

Scen\u00e1re, ktor\u00e9 nezah\u0155\u0148aj\u00fa exog\u00e9nne (extern\u00e9) posuny v dopyte (napr. S2, S3, EcAMPA 4 CP), dosahuj\u00fa zn\u00ed\u017eenie emisi\u00ed hlavne prostredn\u00edctvom implement\u00e1cie technol\u00f3gi\u00ed.<\/p>\n

V t\u00fdchto scen\u00e1roch je aplik\u00e1cia mitiga\u010dn\u00fdch opatren\u00ed riaden\u00e1 predpokladan\u00fdmi n\u00e1kladmi a aplik\u00e1ciou ceny uhl\u00edka<\/strong> na emisie z po\u013enohospod\u00e1rstva, ktor\u00e1 sa v analyzovan\u00fdch \u0161t\u00fadi\u00e1ch pohybuje od 100 EUR do 470 EUR za tonu CO\u2082e<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

V rastlinnej v\u00fdrobe je hlavn\u00fdm faktorom zni\u017eovania emisi\u00ed pou\u017e\u00edvanie inhib\u00edtorov nitrifik\u00e1cie<\/strong> pri aplik\u00e1cii syntetick\u00fdch hnoj\u00edv. V sektore hospod\u00e1rskych zvierat sa najv\u00e4\u010d\u0161\u00ed technologick\u00fd potenci\u00e1l sp\u00e1ja s pr\u00edsadami do krmiva 3-NOP<\/strong> \u0648 anaer\u00f3bnou digesciou<\/strong>. Je v\u0161ak potrebn\u00e9 poznamena\u0165, \u017ee rozsiahle nasadenie t\u00fdchto technol\u00f3gi\u00ed si \u010dasto vy\u017eaduje ur\u010dit\u00fa \u00farove\u0148 intenzifik\u00e1cie a konsolid\u00e1cie, \u010do m\u00f4\u017ee by\u0165 v rozpore s in\u00fdmi cie\u013emi udr\u017eate\u013enosti.<\/p>\n

Politick\u00e9 implik\u00e1cie<\/h3>\n

Dosahovanie ciest s najni\u017e\u0161\u00edmi rezidu\u00e1lnymi emisiami je najbezpe\u010dnej\u0161\u00edm postupom na obmedzenie zmeny kl\u00edmy. Politika E\u00da by mala uprednostni\u0165 podmienky, ktor\u00e9 umo\u017enia najambici\u00f3znej\u0161ie scen\u00e1re. To si vy\u017eaduje obnoven\u00fa pozornos\u0165 venovan\u00fa udr\u017eate\u013en\u00fdm stravovac\u00edm n\u00e1vykom<\/strong> a \u0161ir\u0161iemu potravinov\u00e9mu prostrediu, napr\u00edklad reformou cien a dan\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Pre po\u013enohospod\u00e1rsky sektor je nevyhnutn\u00e1 komplexn\u00e1 a koherentn\u00e1 dlhodob\u00e1 v\u00edzia<\/strong> do roku 2040 a 2050, ktor\u00e1 zoh\u013eadn\u00ed nielen zni\u017eovanie emisi\u00ed, ale aj \u013eudsk\u00e9 zdravie, biodiverzitu a odolnos\u0165 vo\u010di zmene kl\u00edmy. Je k\u013e\u00fa\u010dov\u00e9 zabezpe\u010di\u0165 spravodliv\u00fa transform\u00e1ciu (just transition) pre po\u013enohospod\u00e1rov, pri\u010dom je potrebn\u00e9 n\u00e1js\u0165 rovnov\u00e1hu medzi uplat\u0148ovan\u00edm princ\u00edpu \u201ezne\u010dis\u0165ovate\u013e plat\u00ed\u201c a poskytovan\u00edm cielen\u00e9ho verejn\u00e9ho financovania na podporu zav\u00e1dzania nov\u00fdch udr\u017eate\u013en\u00fdch postupov. \u062c\u064a\u0647 \u0622\u0631 \u0622\u064a<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n

\n

\u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631<\/span><\/a> \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u201eResidual emissions in EU agriculture\u201c<\/strong>\u00a0(Zvy\u0161kov\u00e9 emisie v po\u013enohospod\u00e1rstve E\u00da)<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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