{"id":38128,"date":"2025-11-05T20:54:34","date_gmt":"2025-11-05T19:54:34","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.co2news.sk\/?p=38128"},"modified":"2025-11-05T20:55:40","modified_gmt":"2025-11-05T19:55:40","slug":"kalkulacka-uhlikovej-stopy-letectva-s-upravou-historickych-udajov","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.co2news.sk\/ar\/2025\/11\/05\/kalkulacka-uhlikovej-stopy-letectva-s-upravou-historickych-udajov\/","title":{"rendered":"\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0639 \u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u062c\u0627\u0626\u062d\u0629 \u0643\u0648\u0641\u064a\u062f-19 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0631\u0628 \u0645\u0646 2.4 % \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062b\u0627\u062a \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0643\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629<\/strong> \u0646\u0627\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0631\u0628 \u0645\u0646 4 % \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a<\/strong>, \u064a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647 \u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0642\u0629 vykazovania emisi\u00ed. S\u00fa\u010dasn\u00e9 kalkula\u010dky uhl\u00edkovej stopy leteckej dopravy v\u0161ak \u010dasto trpia nedostatkom \u0161\u00edrky, presnosti, transparentnosti a efekt\u00edvnosti komunik\u00e1cie, \u010do vedie k podhodnoteniu skuto\u010dn\u00e9ho environment\u00e1lneho dopadu a k ned\u00f4vere. Tieto n\u00e1stroje zlyh\u00e1vaj\u00fa, preto\u017ee maj\u00fa \u00fazky rozsah a ch\u00fdba im presnos\u0165 pri zachyt\u00e1van\u00ed u\u017e\u00edvate\u013esky \u0161pecifick\u00fdch, d\u00f4veryhodn\u00fdch, aktu\u00e1lnych a konzistentn\u00fdch \u00fadajov.<\/p>\n

\u064a\u0630\u0627\u0643\u0631<\/span><\/a> rie\u0161i tieto kritick\u00e9 medzery v\u00fdvojom komplexnej metodiky s n\u00e1zvom Air Travel Passenger Dynamic Emissions Calculator (ATP-DEC)<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

Roz\u0161\u00edren\u00fd rozsah: Zahrnutie Ne-kj\u00f3tskych vplyvov<\/h3>\n

Kritick\u00fdm nedostatkom mnoh\u00fdch existuj\u00facich kalkul\u00e1ci\u00ed je absencia ne-kj\u00f3tskych vplyvov<\/em>. Ide o l\u00e1tky produkovan\u00e9 lietadlami, ktor\u00e9 nie s\u00fa pokryt\u00e9 Kj\u00f3tskym protokolom, ako s\u00fa oxidy dus\u00edka (NOx), vodn\u00e1 para (H2O) a obla\u010dnos\u0165 vyvolan\u00e1 kondenza\u010dn\u00fdmi \u010diarami (CiC). Tieto ne-kj\u00f3tske efekty m\u00f4\u017eu by\u0165 podstatne v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ie ako samotn\u00e9 vplyvy CO2, a ich vynechanie m\u00e1 za n\u00e1sledok v\u00e1\u017ene podhodnotenie klimatick\u00e9ho dopadu letu<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

ATP-DEC t\u00fato medzeru vyp\u013a\u0148a. Namiesto zjednodu\u0161en\u00fdch met\u00f3d, ako je index radia\u010dn\u00e9ho p\u00f4sobenia (RFI) alebo met\u00f3da \u201evedier\u201c pre kondenza\u010dn\u00e9 \u010diary, ATP-DEC implementuje dynamick\u00e9 modelovanie NOx, H2O a CiC<\/strong>. Odhady nazna\u010duj\u00fa, \u017ee celkov\u00e9 ne-CO2 vplyvy leteckej dopravy na kl\u00edmu s\u00fa najmenej dvakr\u00e1t v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ie ako vplyvy CO2, aj ke\u010f s ve\u013ek\u00fdmi neistotami.<\/p>\n

Pos\u00fadenie \u017eivotn\u00e9ho cyklu a granularita<\/h3>\n

Len m\u00e1lo kalkula\u010diek prij\u00edma perspekt\u00edvu \u00fapln\u00e9ho pos\u00fadenia \u017eivotn\u00e9ho cyklu (LCA)<\/strong>. Metodika ATP-DEC zah\u0155\u0148a pr\u00edstup „od kol\u00edsky po hrob“, ktor\u00fd pokr\u00fdva:<\/p>\n

    \n
  1. V\u00fdrobu a prepravu paliva<\/strong> (Well-To-Tank, WTT).<\/li>\n
  2. Spa\u013eovanie paliva<\/strong> po\u010das letu, vzletu a prist\u00e1tia (Tank-To-Wake, TTW).<\/li>\n
  3. Palubn\u00e9 slu\u017eby<\/strong>.<\/li>\n
  4. \u017divotn\u00e9 cykly let\u00edsk a lietadiel<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    N\u00e1stroj pon\u00faka \u00fapln\u00fd rozpis emisi\u00ed pod\u013ea zdroja<\/strong> \u2013 vr\u00e1tane WTT, TTW, pr\u00edru\u010dnej a odbavenej bato\u017einy, palubn\u00fdch slu\u017eieb, letiskov\u00fdch a leteck\u00fdch emisi\u00ed, ako aj ne-kj\u00f3tskych plynov (NOx, H2O, CiC). T\u00e1to bezkonkuren\u010dn\u00e1 granularita umo\u017e\u0148uje pou\u017e\u00edvate\u013eom presne ur\u010di\u0165 zdroje emisi\u00ed a u\u013eah\u010duje cielen\u00e9 environment\u00e1lne opatrenia. Okrem toho ATP-DEC zlep\u0161uje presnos\u0165 pomocou vylep\u0161en\u00e9ho v\u00e1\u017eenia triedy sedadiel<\/strong>, ktor\u00e9 vyu\u017e\u00edva \u00fadaje \u0161pecifick\u00e9 pre leteck\u00fa spolo\u010dnos\u0165 a lietadlo, \u010do vedie k realistickej\u0161iemu rozdeleniu emisi\u00ed medzi cestuj\u00facimi.<\/p>\n

    Prisp\u00f4sobivos\u0165 v re\u00e1lnom svete pomocou HAFs<\/h3>\n

    Na zlep\u0161enie presnosti predletov\u00fdch odhadov integruje ATP-DEC Historick\u00e9 Korek\u010dn\u00e9 Faktory (HAFs)<\/strong>. HAFs dynamicky upravuj\u00fa emisie na z\u00e1klade historick\u00fdch \u00fadajov, \u010d\u00edm zoh\u013ead\u0148uj\u00fa prev\u00e1dzkov\u00e9 odch\u00fdlky, zmeny trasy a neefekt\u00edvnos\u0165 letovej prev\u00e1dzky v re\u00e1lnom svete.<\/p>\n

    Pr\u00edpadov\u00e1 \u0161t\u00fadia letov medzi LHR a PVG uk\u00e1zala, \u017ee zmeny trasy v roku 2023, sp\u00f4soben\u00e9 vyh\u00fdban\u00edm sa rusk\u00e9mu vzdu\u0161n\u00e9mu priestoru, viedli k v\u00fdrazne dlh\u0161\u00edm letov\u00fdm vzdialenostiam a zmenen\u00fdm priemern\u00fdm zemepisn\u00fdm \u0161\u00edrkam. Zatia\u013e \u010do statick\u00e9 met\u00f3dy (napr. met\u00f3da zalo\u017een\u00e1 na TIM) nedok\u00e1zali prisp\u00f4sobi\u0165 svoje odhady a d\u00f4sledne podhodnocovali emisie, ATP-DEC s HAF \u00faspe\u0161ne zachytil tieto zmeny<\/strong>, \u010d\u00edm sa jeho odhady tesne zhodovali so skuto\u010dn\u00fdmi \u00fadajmi po lete.<\/p>\n

    Valid\u00e1cia proti viac ako 30 000 historick\u00fdm letom uk\u00e1zala, \u017ee model HAF dosahuje stredn\u00fa \u0161tvorcov\u00fa percentu\u00e1lnu chybu (MSPE) pribli\u017ene 0,5 %<\/strong>, zatia\u013e \u010do be\u017en\u00e1 met\u00f3da zalo\u017een\u00e1 na TIM v jednom scen\u00e1ri podhodnocovala emisie o 23 150 ton CO2e.<\/p>\n

    Metodol\u00f3gia ATP-DEC predstavuje v\u00fdznamn\u00fd pokrok<\/strong> vo v\u00fdpo\u010dte uhl\u00edkovej stopy letectva, pon\u00fakaj\u00fac vynikaj\u00facu presnos\u0165, rozsah a aplikovate\u013enos\u0165 v re\u00e1lnom svete. N\u00e1stroj nielen\u017ee odha\u013euje neadekv\u00e1tnos\u0165 existuj\u00facich r\u00e1mcov, ale stanovuje nov\u00fd \u0161tandard<\/strong> pre transparentn\u00e9 a vedecky podlo\u017een\u00e9 hodnotenia. Jeho modul\u00e1rny dizajn a jednoduch\u00e1 integr\u00e1cia s existuj\u00facimi syst\u00e9mami (vr\u00e1tane mechanizmov kompenz\u00e1cie uhl\u00edka zalo\u017een\u00fdch na blockchaine<\/em>) z neho robia k\u013e\u00fa\u010dov\u00fd n\u00e1stroj na dosahovanie glob\u00e1lnych klimatick\u00fdch cie\u013eov.<\/p>\n

    Ak si predstav\u00edme snahu o zn\u00ed\u017eenie emisi\u00ed ako stre\u013ebu na ter\u010d v tme, existuj\u00face kalkula\u010dky poskytuj\u00fa len hrub\u00fd odhad polohy ter\u010da. Av\u0161ak ATP-DEC funguje ako infra\u010derven\u00fd zameriava\u010d, ktor\u00fd nielen\u017ee osvetl\u00ed presn\u00fa polohu ter\u010da (v\u010faka LCA a ne-kj\u00f3tskym vplyvom), ale aj dynamicky koriguje mieridlo pod\u013ea vetra a pohybu cie\u013ea (v\u010faka HAFs). \u062c\u064a\u0647 \u0622\u0631 \u0622\u064a<\/strong><\/em><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    Leteck\u00fd sektor, ktor\u00fd pred pand\u00e9miou COVID-19 predstavoval pribli\u017ene 2,4 % ro\u010dn\u00fdch emisi\u00ed CO2 sp\u00f4soben\u00fdch \u013eudskou \u010dinnos\u0165ou a je zodpovedn\u00fd za pribli\u017ene 4 % glob\u00e1lneho otep\u013eovania, \u010del\u00ed naliehavej potrebe presn\u00e9ho<\/p>","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[9,6],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-38128","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-uhlikova-kalkulacka","category-uhlikova-stopa"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.co2news.sk\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/38128","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.co2news.sk\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.co2news.sk\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.co2news.sk\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/7"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.co2news.sk\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=38128"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.co2news.sk\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/38128\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.co2news.sk\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=38128"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.co2news.sk\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=38128"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.co2news.sk\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=38128"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}