{"id":38090,"date":"2025-10-29T09:14:52","date_gmt":"2025-10-29T08:14:52","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.co2news.sk\/?p=38090"},"modified":"2025-10-29T09:15:44","modified_gmt":"2025-10-29T08:15:44","slug":"preco-sa-klima-otepluje-rychlejsie","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.co2news.sk\/ar\/2025\/10\/29\/preco-sa-klima-otepluje-rychlejsie\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0632\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e \u0628\u0648\u062a\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0633\u0631\u0639\u061f"},"content":{"rendered":"

Minul\u00fd rok bol pozna\u010den\u00fd p\u00e1dom teplotn\u00fdch rekordov po celom svete. Napriek vysok\u00fdm emisi\u00e1m sklen\u00edkov\u00fdch plynov a siln\u00e9mu javu El Ni\u00f1o, neo\u010dak\u00e1van\u00e1 \u00farove\u0148 n\u00e1rastu teploty prekvapila klimatick\u00fdch v\u00fdskumn\u00edkov. Podrobn\u00e1 glob\u00e1lna \u0161t\u00fadia, ktor\u00e1 sledovala energetick\u00fa bilanciu Zeme, pomohla vedcom n\u00e1js\u0165 \u010fal\u0161\u00ed k\u013e\u00fa\u010dov\u00fd prvok tohto prekvapenia: Zem odr\u00e1\u017eala sp\u00e4\u0165 do vesm\u00edru menej slne\u010dn\u00e9ho \u017eiarenia ako obvykle<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

\u0623\u0644\u0628\u064a\u062f\u0648<\/strong> je definovan\u00e9 ako zlomok slne\u010dn\u00e9ho \u017eiarenia, ktor\u00e9 plan\u00e9ta odr\u00e1\u017ea. Svetl\u00e9 povrchy odr\u00e1\u017eaj\u00fa viac, zatia\u013e \u010do tmav\u00e9 povrchy odr\u00e1\u017eaj\u00fa menej. Ak glob\u00e1lne albedo klesne, syst\u00e9m prij\u00edma viac slne\u010dnej energie. T\u00e1to dodato\u010dn\u00e1 energia pomohla zv\u00fd\u0161i\u0165 teploty nad r\u00e1mec toho, \u010do sa o\u010dak\u00e1valo len na z\u00e1klade vplyvu sklen\u00edkov\u00fdch plynov a javu El Ni\u00f1o.<\/p>\n

V\u00fdskumn\u00edci porovnali merania odrazen\u00e9ho slne\u010dn\u00e9ho \u017eiarenia a vy\u017earovan\u00e9ho tepla, pri\u010dom zistili, \u017ee odrazivos\u0165 v roku 2023 prudko klesla. Hlavn\u00fdm vinn\u00edkom tohto ve\u013ek\u00e9ho v\u00fdkyvu bola n\u00edzka obla\u010dnos\u0165<\/strong>. N\u00edzke oblaky s\u00fa zvy\u010dajne najd\u00f4le\u017eitej\u0161ie pre albedo, preto\u017ee zvy\u010dajne odr\u00e1\u017eaj\u00fa ve\u013ek\u00e9 mno\u017estvo slne\u010dn\u00e9ho svetla sp\u00e4\u0165 do vesm\u00edru a nezachyt\u00e1vaj\u00fa ve\u013ea tepla. Zistilo sa, \u017ee n\u00edzka obla\u010dnos\u0165 sa zn\u00ed\u017eila v k\u013e\u00fa\u010dov\u00fdch oblastiach, najm\u00e4 v \u010dastiach severn\u00fdch stredn\u00fdch zemepisn\u00fdch \u0161\u00edrok a tr\u00f3poch. S men\u0161\u00edm po\u010dtom t\u00fdchto jasn\u00fdch oblakov dosahovalo viac slne\u010dn\u00e9ho svetla povrch oce\u00e1nov a pevniny, \u010do viedlo k rastu povrchov\u00fdch tepl\u00f4t. Najv\u00fdraznej\u0161ie to bolo v Severnom Atlantiku<\/strong>, kde sa zmen\u0161ila n\u00edzka obla\u010dnos\u0165 z\u00e1rove\u0148 s nezvy\u010dajne vysok\u00fdmi teplotami morskej hladiny.<\/p>\n

Sp\u00e4tn\u00e1 v\u00e4zba a k\u013e\u00fa\u010dov\u00ed podozriv\u00ed<\/strong><\/p>\n

Vedci odhaduj\u00fa, \u017ee bez poklesu albeda od konca roka 2020 do roku 2023 by glob\u00e1lna teplota v roku 2023 bola o nieko\u013eko desat\u00edn stup\u0148a Celzia ni\u017e\u0161ia<\/strong>. Tento v\u00fdpo\u010det zodpoved\u00e1 \u201enevysvetlenej medzere\u201c, ktor\u00fa si vedci v\u0161imli pri porovn\u00e1van\u00ed pozorovan\u00ed s be\u017en\u00fdmi klimatick\u00fdmi faktormi.<\/p>\n

Medzi kandid\u00e1tov, ktor\u00ed mohli sp\u00f4sobi\u0165 pokles albeda, patria:<\/p>\n

    \n
  1. Prirodzen\u00e1 premenlivos\u0165:<\/strong> Vn\u00fatorn\u00e9 klimatick\u00e9 v\u00fdkyvy, ktor\u00e9 m\u00f4\u017eu na rok alebo dva zn\u00ed\u017ei\u0165 tvorbu n\u00edzkoobla\u010dn\u00fdch oblakov v niektor\u00fdch oblastiach.<\/li>\n
  2. \u010cistej\u0161\u00ed vzduch (zn\u00ed\u017eenie aeros\u00f3lov):<\/strong> Drobn\u00e9 \u010dastice naz\u00fdvan\u00e9 aeros\u00f3ly, ktor\u00e9 vznikaj\u00fa napr\u00edklad spa\u013eovan\u00edm paliva a dopravou, pom\u00e1haj\u00fa tvori\u0165 kvap\u00f4\u010dky v oblakoch a odr\u00e1\u017eaj\u00fa slne\u010dn\u00e9 svetlo. V d\u00f4sledku zn\u00ed\u017eenia zne\u010distenia s\u00edrou pozd\u013a\u017e hlavn\u00fdch n\u00e1morn\u00fdch tr\u00e1s a na pevnine obsahuje vzduch menej t\u00fdchto \u010dast\u00edc. Menej \u010dast\u00edc m\u00f4\u017ee vies\u0165 k men\u0161iemu po\u010dtu alebo menej reflexn\u00fdm n\u00edzkym oblakom nad oce\u00e1nmi.<\/li>\n
  3. Sp\u00e4tn\u00e1 v\u00e4zba s\u00favisiaca s otep\u013eovan\u00edm:<\/strong> Ke\u010f sa oce\u00e1ny a vzduch otep\u013euj\u00fa, niektor\u00e9 oblasti m\u00f4\u017eu uprednost\u0148ova\u0165 menej n\u00edzkej obla\u010dnosti. Tepl\u00e1 voda m\u00f4\u017ee prispie\u0165 k men\u0161iemu po\u010dtu jasn\u00fdch n\u00edzkych oblakov, ktor\u00e9 potom prepustia viac slne\u010dn\u00e9ho \u017eiarenia, \u010do povrch e\u0161te viac otepl\u00ed.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    Vyn\u00e1raj\u00faca sa Hemisf\u00e9rick\u00e1 Asymetria<\/strong><\/p>\n

    Dlhodob\u00e9 satelitn\u00e9 pozorovania v r\u00e1mci projektu Clouds and the Earth\u2019s Radiant Energy System (CERES) pokr\u00fdvaj\u00face obdobie 24 rokov (2001 a\u017e 2024) odhalili aj \u0161ir\u0161\u00ed trend: vyn\u00e1raj\u00facu sa hemisf\u00e9rick\u00fa asymetriu<\/strong> v zemskom \u017eiaren\u00ed. Zatia\u013e \u010do v minulosti sa predpokladalo, \u017ee ju\u017en\u00e1 a severn\u00e1 pologu\u013ea (NH a SH) odr\u00e1\u017eaj\u00fa v priemere rovnak\u00e9 mno\u017estvo slne\u010dn\u00e9ho \u017eiarenia, \u010do viedlo k symetrii albeda, tento predpoklad je spochybnen\u00fd.<\/p>\n

    Pozorovania ukazuj\u00fa, \u017ee zatia\u013e \u010do obe pologule tmavn\u00fa (absorbuj\u00fa viac slne\u010dn\u00e9ho \u017eiarenia, ASR), Severn\u00e1 pologu\u013ea tmavne r\u00fdchlej\u0161\u00edm tempom<\/strong>. Rozdiel v trende absorpcie slne\u010dn\u00e9ho \u017eiarenia medzi NH a SH predstavuje 0.34 \u00b1 0.23 Wm\u207b\u00b2 za desa\u0165ro\u010die.<\/p>\n

    Tento nes\u00famern\u00fd trend je spojen\u00fd so zmenami v interakci\u00e1ch aeros\u00f3l-\u017eiarenie, albede povrchu a zmenami vodnej pary. Napr\u00edklad zn\u00ed\u017eenie zne\u010distenia (aeros\u00f3lov) nad Severnou Amerikou, Eur\u00f3pou a \u010c\u00ednou od roku 2000 je o\u010dak\u00e1van\u00fdm prispievate\u013eom k r\u00fdchlej\u0161iemu stmaveniu NH. K tmavnutiu NH prispieva aj zn\u00ed\u017eenie koncentr\u00e1cie morsk\u00e9ho \u013eadu a snehovej pokr\u00fdvky. Zmeny v obla\u010dnosti tie\u017e prispievaj\u00fa k v\u00e4\u010d\u0161iemu hemisf\u00e9rick\u00e9mu kontrastu ASR, hoci ich celkov\u00e1 ve\u013ekos\u0165 je mal\u00e1 v d\u00f4sledku opa\u010dn\u00fdch trendov v tr\u00f3poch a extratr\u00f3poch.<\/p>\n

    D\u00f4sledky pre Bud\u00facnos\u0165<\/strong><\/p>\n

    Tieto zistenia maj\u00fa k\u013e\u00fa\u010dov\u00e9 d\u00f4sledky pre nasleduj\u00face roky. Ak sa sp\u00e4tn\u00e1 v\u00e4zba medzi otep\u013eovan\u00edm a n\u00edzkou obla\u010dnos\u0165ou zosiln\u00ed, kr\u00e1tkodob\u00e9 otep\u013eovanie m\u00f4\u017ee prebieha\u0165 r\u00fdchlej\u0161ie, ne\u017e mnoh\u00e9 modely o\u010dak\u00e1vali. Trval\u00fd pokles albeda by skr\u00e1til \u010dasov\u00fd harmonogram prekro\u010denia d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00fdch prahov\u00fdch hodn\u00f4t, ako je 1,5 \u00b0C nad predindustri\u00e1lnu \u00farove\u0148.<\/p>\n

    Preto je k\u013e\u00fa\u010dov\u00e9 na\u010falej presne mera\u0165 vlastnosti n\u00edzkej obla\u010dnosti a neust\u00e1le monitorova\u0165 toky energie Zeme, aby sme mohli vidie\u0165 zmeny takmer v re\u00e1lnom \u010dase. Od toho, \u010di sa odrazivos\u0165 zv\u00fd\u0161i, zostane na ni\u017e\u0161ej \u00farovni alebo e\u0161te viac klesne, z\u00e1vis\u00ed r\u00fdchlos\u0165, akou sa kl\u00edma v nasleduj\u00facich rokoch otepl\u00ed. \u062c\u064a\u0647 \u0622\u0631 \u0622\u064a<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n

    \n

    Cel\u00e1 \u0161t\u00fadia bola publikovan\u00e1 v \u010dasopisoch \u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645<\/em><\/span><\/a> \u0648 PNAS<\/em><\/span><\/a>.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    Minul\u00fd rok bol pozna\u010den\u00fd p\u00e1dom teplotn\u00fdch rekordov po celom svete. Napriek vysok\u00fdm emisi\u00e1m sklen\u00edkov\u00fdch plynov a siln\u00e9mu javu El Ni\u00f1o, neo\u010dak\u00e1van\u00e1 \u00farove\u0148 n\u00e1rastu teploty prekvapila klimatick\u00fdch v\u00fdskumn\u00edkov. Podrobn\u00e1 glob\u00e1lna \u0161t\u00fadia, ktor\u00e1<\/p>","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[4],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-38090","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-klimaticka-zmena"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.co2news.sk\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/38090","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.co2news.sk\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.co2news.sk\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.co2news.sk\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/7"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.co2news.sk\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=38090"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.co2news.sk\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/38090\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.co2news.sk\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=38090"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.co2news.sk\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=38090"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.co2news.sk\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=38090"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}