{"id":37954,"date":"2025-10-09T20:23:31","date_gmt":"2025-10-09T18:23:31","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.co2news.sk\/?p=37954"},"modified":"2025-10-09T20:24:19","modified_gmt":"2025-10-09T18:24:19","slug":"sest-z-deviatich-planetarnych-hranic-bolo-prekrocenych-pohlad-na-globalny-stav-planety-v-roku-2022","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.co2news.sk\/ar\/2025\/10\/09\/sest-z-deviatich-planetarnych-hranic-bolo-prekrocenych-pohlad-na-globalny-stav-planety-v-roku-2022\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0160es\u0165 z deviatich planet\u00e1rnych hran\u00edc bolo prekro\u010den\u00fdch: Poh\u013ead na glob\u00e1lny stav plan\u00e9ty v roku 2022"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>R\u00e1mec soci\u00e1lnych a planet\u00e1rnych hran\u00edc, zn\u00e1my ako \u201eDoughnut\u201c (\u0160i\u0161ka), predstavuje k\u013e\u00fa\u010dov\u00fd vizu\u00e1lny n\u00e1stroj na pos\u00fadenie pokroku smerom k cie\u013eu uspokoji\u0165 potreby v\u0161etk\u00fdch \u013eud\u00ed v r\u00e1mci prostriedkov \u017eivej plan\u00e9ty. Tento <!--more-->r\u00e1mec definuje bezpe\u010dn\u00fd a spravodliv\u00fd priestor pre \u013eudstvo, ktor\u00fd le\u017e\u00ed medzi soci\u00e1lnym z\u00e1kladom (minimaliz\u00e1cia depriv\u00e1cie) a ekologick\u00fdm stropom (planet\u00e1rnymi hranicami).<\/p>\n<p>Najnov\u0161ia <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41586-025-09385-1.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">synt\u00e9za<\/span><\/a>, ktor\u00e1 monitorovala trendy v rokoch 2000 a\u017e 2022, prin\u00e1\u0161a znepokojuj\u00face zistenia: napriek tomu, \u017ee glob\u00e1lny hrub\u00fd dom\u00e1ci produkt (HDP) sa za toto obdobie viac ako zdvojn\u00e1sobil, kolekt\u00edvny tlak \u013eudstva na plan\u00e9tu sa od za\u010diatku 21. storo\u010dia podstatne zhor\u0161il. Aktu\u00e1lne \u00fadaje za rok 2022 ukazuj\u00fa, \u017ee \u013eudstvo nielen\u017ee ne\u017eije v r\u00e1mci tohto bezpe\u010dn\u00e9ho priestoru, ale pre\u0165a\u017euje ekologick\u00fd strop, pri\u010dom <strong>prekra\u010duje najmenej \u0161es\u0165 z deviatich planet\u00e1rnych hran\u00edc<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>Medi\u00e1n \u00farovne ekologick\u00e9ho pre\u0165a\u017eenia (<em>ecological overshoot<\/em>) dosiahol v roku 2022 \u00farove\u0148 takmer <strong>dvojn\u00e1sobne vy\u0161\u0161iu<\/strong> ne\u017e ekologick\u00fd strop (96 %). Tieto prekro\u010denia nar\u00fa\u0161aj\u00fa kritick\u00e9 planet\u00e1rne procesy, ktor\u00e9 s\u00fa z\u00e1kladom stability podmienok podobn\u00fdch holoc\u00e9nu, na ktor\u00fdch z\u00e1sadne z\u00e1vis\u00ed v\u0161etok \u017eivot.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0160es\u0165 prekro\u010den\u00fdch planet\u00e1rnych hran\u00edc v roku 2022<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u0160es\u0165 oblast\u00ed, kde \u013eudstvo v roku 2022 kriticky prekra\u010duje bezpe\u010dn\u00e9 ekologick\u00e9 hranice, zah\u0155\u0148a:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>Chemick\u00e9 zne\u010distenie<\/strong> (<em>Chemical pollution<\/em>): Ide o oblas\u0165 s najvy\u0161\u0161ou mierou prekro\u010denia. V roku 2022 bola produkcia nebezpe\u010dn\u00fdch chemik\u00e1li\u00ed v porovnan\u00ed s bezpe\u010dnou hranicou prekro\u010den\u00e1 o ohromn\u00fdch <strong>3 174 %<\/strong>. Vo v\u0161eobecnosti je tento stav viac ako desa\u0165n\u00e1sobne za bezpe\u010dn\u00fdmi hranicami.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Nar\u00fa\u0161anie biodiverzity<\/strong> (<em>Biodiversity breakdown<\/em>): Miera vymierania druhov je \u010fal\u0161\u00edm extr\u00e9mom, dosahuj\u00fac v roku 2022 <strong>900 %<\/strong> prekro\u010denia, \u010do je viac ako desa\u0165n\u00e1sobok bezpe\u010dn\u00fdch limitov. Tie\u017e \u013eudsk\u00e9 prisvojenie si \u010distej prim\u00e1rnej produktivity (HANPP) presiahlo hranicu o 204 %.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Zmena kl\u00edmy<\/strong> (<em>Climate change<\/em>): T\u00e1to hranica je hlboko naru\u0161en\u00e1. Koncentr\u00e1cia atmosf\u00e9rick\u00e9ho oxidu uhli\u010dit\u00e9ho (CO\u2082) dosiahla 416 ppm (94 % prekro\u010denie), zatia\u013e \u010do radia\u010dn\u00e9 p\u00f4sobenie dosiahlo 183 % prekro\u010denie.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Zne\u010distenie \u017eivinami<\/strong> (<em>Nutrient pollution<\/em>): Prekro\u010den\u00e9 s\u00fa hranice pre vyu\u017eitie dus\u00edka a fosforu. Aplik\u00e1cia fosforu na p\u00f4du ako hnojiva prekro\u010dila bezpe\u010dn\u00fa hranicu o 273 %, zatia\u013e \u010do aplik\u00e1cia dus\u00edka o 212 %.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Premena p\u00f4dy<\/strong> (<em>Land conversion<\/em>): Oblas\u0165 zalesnenej p\u00f4dy, meran\u00e1 ako podiel na ploche pred \u013eudsk\u00fdmi zmenami, bola v roku 2022 prekro\u010den\u00e1 o <strong>61 %<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Naru\u0161enie sladkej vody<\/strong> (<em>Freshwater disruption<\/em>): Indik\u00e1tor naru\u0161enia zelenej vody (<em>green-water disruption<\/em>), ktor\u00fd meria odch\u00fdlku p\u00f4dnej vlhkosti v kore\u0148ovej z\u00f3ne od holoc\u00e9nnej variability, vykazoval 74 % prekro\u010denie. Hoci naru\u0161enie modrej vody (<em>blue-water flow<\/em>) malo 78 % odch\u00fdlku, v roku 2022 sa neuv\u00e1dzalo jeho prekro\u010denie\/neprekro\u010denie.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><strong>Hranice, ktor\u00e9 zatia\u013e neboli prekro\u010den\u00e9<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Spomedzi deviatich hran\u00edc ost\u00e1vaj\u00fa niektor\u00e9 zatia\u013e neprekro\u010den\u00e9, hoci s r\u00f4znymi trendmi:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Ozonov\u00e1 vrstva<\/strong> (<em>Ozone-layer depletion<\/em>): Stratosf\u00e9rick\u00fd oz\u00f3n bol v roku 2022 pribli\u017ene <strong>50 % pod hranicou<\/strong>. Tento indik\u00e1tor bol z\u00e1rove\u0148 jedinou v\u00fdnimkou, ktor\u00e1 od za\u010diatku 21. storo\u010dia nevykazovala zhor\u0161uj\u00faci sa trend.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Acidifik\u00e1cia oce\u00e1nov<\/strong> (<em>Ocean acidification<\/em>): V roku 2022 bola t\u00e1to hranica st\u00e1le <strong>pod limitom<\/strong> (-6 % odch\u00fdlka). Je v\u0161ak potrebn\u00e9 poznamena\u0165, \u017ee za obdobie 2000 a\u017e 2022 sa uzavreli viac ako tri \u0161tvrtiny medzery pod hranicou, pri\u010dom ostalo len 6 % bezpe\u010dn\u00e9ho priestoru.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Zne\u010distenie ovzdu\u0161ia<\/strong> (<em>Air pollution<\/em>): Indik\u00e1tor asymetrie aeros\u00f3lov medzi pologu\u013eami bol pod hranicou.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Naliehavos\u0165 regenerat\u00edvnej zmeny<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Historick\u00e9 trendy ukazuj\u00fa jasn\u00fa divergenciu: zatia\u013e \u010do \u013eudstvo dosiahlo len skromn\u00e9 zlep\u0161enia v zni\u017eovan\u00ed soci\u00e1lneho nedostatku, ekologick\u00e9 pre\u0165a\u017eenie sa v rovnakom obdob\u00ed r\u00fdchlo zhor\u0161ovalo. Dev\u00e4\u0165 z desiatich ekologick\u00fdch indik\u00e1torov s dostupn\u00fdmi \u010dasov\u00fdmi radmi vykazuje vysoko v\u00fdznamn\u00e9 zhor\u0161uj\u00face sa trendy v ekologickom pre\u0165a\u017een\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>Tieto \u00fadaje posil\u0148uj\u00fa v\u00fdzvy na prekonanie \u0161truktur\u00e1lnej z\u00e1vislosti n\u00e1rodov na neust\u00e1lom raste HDP a na preorientovanie sa smerom k <strong>ekologicky regenerat\u00edvnym a soci\u00e1lne distribu\u010dn\u00fdm ekonomick\u00fdm politik\u00e1m<\/strong>, ktor\u00e9 d\u00e1vaj\u00fa prioritu \u013eudsk\u00fdm potreb\u00e1m a planet\u00e1rnej integrite. Scenario na odstr\u00e1nenie ekologick\u00e9ho pre\u0165a\u017eenia do roku 2050 by si vy\u017eadovalo nielen okam\u017eit\u00e9 zastavenie s\u00fa\u010dasn\u00fdch r\u00fdchlych mier degrad\u00e1cie, ale aj zr\u00fdchlenie opa\u010dnej, regenera\u010dnej miery, ktor\u00e1 by bola takmer dvakr\u00e1t r\u00fdchlej\u0161ia ako historick\u00e9 trendy. <em><strong>\u062c\u064a\u0647 \u0622\u0631 \u0622\u064a<\/strong><\/em><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>R\u00e1mec soci\u00e1lnych a planet\u00e1rnych hran\u00edc, zn\u00e1my ako \u201eDoughnut\u201c (\u0160i\u0161ka), predstavuje k\u013e\u00fa\u010dov\u00fd vizu\u00e1lny n\u00e1stroj na pos\u00fadenie pokroku smerom k cie\u013eu uspokoji\u0165 potreby v\u0161etk\u00fdch \u013eud\u00ed v r\u00e1mci prostriedkov \u017eivej plan\u00e9ty. Tento<\/p>","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[4],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-37954","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-klimaticka-zmena"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.co2news.sk\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/37954","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.co2news.sk\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.co2news.sk\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.co2news.sk\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/7"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.co2news.sk\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=37954"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.co2news.sk\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/37954\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.co2news.sk\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=37954"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.co2news.sk\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=37954"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.co2news.sk\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=37954"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}