{"id":37944,"date":"2025-10-08T20:05:35","date_gmt":"2025-10-08T18:05:35","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.co2news.sk\/?p=37944"},"modified":"2025-10-08T20:06:38","modified_gmt":"2025-10-08T18:06:38","slug":"ake-su-hlavne-zdravotne-dopady-znecistenia-z-fosilnych-paliv-v-jednotlivych-fazach-ludskeho-zivota","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.co2news.sk\/ar\/2025\/10\/08\/ake-su-hlavne-zdravotne-dopady-znecistenia-z-fosilnych-paliv-v-jednotlivych-fazach-ludskeho-zivota\/","title":{"rendered":"Ak\u00e9 s\u00fa hlavn\u00e9 zdravotn\u00e9 dopady zne\u010distenia z fos\u00edlnych pal\u00edv v jednotliv\u00fdch f\u00e1zach \u013eudsk\u00e9ho \u017eivota"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Zne\u010distenie sp\u00f4soben\u00e9 fos\u00edlnymi palivami ovplyv\u0148uje ka\u017ed\u00fa f\u00e1zu \u013eudsk\u00e9ho \u017eivota, od prenat\u00e1lneho v\u00fdvoja a\u017e po starobu, pri\u010dom expoz\u00edcia v skor\u0161\u00edch f\u00e1zach m\u00e1 \u010dasto trval\u00e9 negat\u00edvne d\u00f4sledky. Ni\u017e\u0161ie s\u00fa uveden\u00e9 hlavn\u00e9 zdravotn\u00e9 dopady<!--more--> pod\u013ea jednotliv\u00fdch f\u00e1z \u017eivota, ako s\u00fa pop\u00edsan\u00e9 v zdrojoch:<\/p>\n<h5>1. Pred naroden\u00edm (Prenat\u00e1lne obdobie)<\/h5>\n<p>Prenat\u00e1lne mesiace predstavuj\u00fa <strong>kritick\u00e9 obdobie<\/strong>, po\u010das ktor\u00e9ho sa vyv\u00edja mozog, p\u013e\u00faca, srdce a \u010fal\u0161ie org\u00e1ny die\u0165a\u0165a. Expoz\u00edcia zne\u010dis\u0165uj\u00facim l\u00e1tkam z \u0165a\u017eby a spa\u013eovania fos\u00edlnych pal\u00edv po\u010das tohto obdobia m\u00f4\u017ee ma\u0165 zni\u010duj\u00faci a dlhodob\u00fd vplyv na zdravie \u010dloveka.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Nepriazniv\u00e9 p\u00f4rodn\u00e9 v\u00fdsledky:<\/strong> Expoz\u00edcia je spojen\u00e1 so zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00fdm rizikom <strong>n\u00edzkej p\u00f4rodnej hmotnosti<\/strong>, <strong>\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0643\u0631\u0629<\/strong> (preterm birth) a <strong>potratu<\/strong> (miscarriage).<\/li>\n<li><strong>Vroden\u00e9 vady:<\/strong> Prenat\u00e1lna bl\u00edzkos\u0165 k aktivit\u00e1m nekonven\u010dnej \u0165a\u017eby ropy a zemn\u00e9ho plynu, vr\u00e1tane frakovania a spa\u013eovania plynu (flaring), je korelovan\u00e1 so zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00fdm rizikom vroden\u00fdch ch\u00fdb, ako s\u00fa anencef\u00e1lia, r\u00e1z\u0161tep chrbtice, defekty neur\u00e1lnej trubice, r\u00e1z\u0161tepy tv\u00e1re (orofacial clefts) a <strong>srdcov\u00e9 vady<\/strong>. Expoz\u00edcia zne\u010disteniu z uho\u013enej \u0165a\u017eby je tie\u017e spojen\u00e1 s gastrointestin\u00e1lnymi vroden\u00fdmi chybami.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Kognit\u00edvne po\u0161kodenie:<\/strong> Vy\u0161\u0161ia expoz\u00edcia nafte (diesel pollution) v maternici m\u00f4\u017ee negat\u00edvne ovplyvni\u0165 kognit\u00edvny v\u00fdvoj die\u0165a\u0165a.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Riziko rakoviny:<\/strong> Prenat\u00e1lna expoz\u00edcia benz\u00e9nu a in\u00fdm chemik\u00e1li\u00e1m spojen\u00fdm so spa\u013eovan\u00edm benz\u00ednu a nafty m\u00f4\u017ee zv\u00fd\u0161i\u0165 riziko detskej rakoviny.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Rizik\u00e1 pre tehotn\u00e9 osoby:<\/strong> Niektor\u00e9 d\u00f4kazy nazna\u010duj\u00fa, \u017ee expoz\u00edcia zne\u010disteniu z uhlia m\u00f4\u017ee s\u0165a\u017ei\u0165 \u00faspe\u0161n\u00e9 po\u010datie alebo zv\u00fd\u0161i\u0165 riziko potratu. Expoz\u00edcia oxidu dusi\u010dit\u00e9mu (NO\u2082) zo zne\u010distenia s\u00favisiaceho s prem\u00e1vkou (TRAP) zvy\u0161uje riziko <strong>preeklampsie<\/strong> a tehotenstvom indukovanej hypertenzie.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h5>2. Detstvo<\/h5>\n<p>Deti s\u00fa obzvl\u00e1\u0161\u0165 n\u00e1chyln\u00e9 na zdravotn\u00e9 \u0161kody sp\u00f4soben\u00e9 zne\u010disten\u00edm z fos\u00edlnych pal\u00edv, preto\u017ee d\u00fdchaj\u00fa r\u00fdchlej\u0161ie a vdychuj\u00fa viac zne\u010dis\u0165uj\u00facich l\u00e1tok vzh\u013eadom na svoju telesn\u00fa hmotnos\u0165. Ich u\u017e\u0161ie d\u00fdchacie cesty a vyv\u00edjaj\u00face sa org\u00e1ny s\u00fa n\u00e1chylnej\u0161ie na po\u0161kodenie.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Rakovina:<\/strong> Expoz\u00edcia r\u00f4znym \u010dinnostiam spojen\u00fdm s fos\u00edlnymi palivami je spojen\u00e1 s rakovinou v detstve, pri\u010dom naj\u010dastej\u0161ie ide o <strong>leuk\u00e9miu<\/strong>. Najvy\u0161\u0161ie riziko maj\u00fa deti \u017eij\u00face v tesnej bl\u00edzkosti ropn\u00fdch zariaden\u00ed, nekonven\u010dnej \u0165a\u017eby ropy a plynu, hlavn\u00fdch ciest alebo benz\u00ednov\u00fdch stan\u00edc.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Respira\u010dn\u00e9 choroby:<\/strong> Zne\u010dis\u0165uj\u00face l\u00e1tky nar\u00fa\u0161aj\u00fa funkciu p\u013e\u00fac a zhor\u0161uj\u00fa astmu a in\u00e9 respira\u010dn\u00e9 ochorenia. Bl\u00edzkos\u0165 k \u0165a\u017ebe plynu, uho\u013en\u00fdm elektr\u00e1r\u0148am a hlavn\u00fdm cest\u00e1m je spojen\u00e1 so zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00fdmi exacerb\u00e1ciami astmy a hospitaliz\u00e1ciami u det\u00ed.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Neurologick\u00e9 a kognit\u00edvne po\u0161kodenie:<\/strong> Expoz\u00edcia zne\u010disteniu m\u00f4\u017ee br\u00e1ni\u0165 neurologick\u00e9mu v\u00fdvoju a negat\u00edvne ovplyvni\u0165 du\u0161evn\u00e9 zdravie. Metaanal\u00fdza expoz\u00edcie PM2.5 (jemn\u00e9 tuh\u00e9 \u010dastice) u mal\u00fdch det\u00ed uk\u00e1zala v\u00fdznamn\u00e9 <strong>zn\u00ed\u017eenie IQ<\/strong> do veku 9 rokov. U det\u00ed vystaven\u00fdch uho\u013en\u00e9mu popolu boli zaznamenan\u00e9 vy\u0161\u0161ie sk\u00f3re depres\u00edvnych probl\u00e9mov.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h5>3. Dospievanie<\/h5>\n<p>Dospievanie je d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00fdm obdob\u00edm neurologick\u00e9ho a fyzick\u00e9ho v\u00fdvoja.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>V\u00fdvojov\u00e9 dopady:<\/strong> Hoci je v\u00fdskum obmedzen\u00fd, existuj\u00fa d\u00f4kazy, \u017ee expoz\u00edcia <strong>polycyklick\u00fdm aromatick\u00fdm uh\u013eovod\u00edkom (PAHs)<\/strong> m\u00f4\u017ee ovplyvni\u0165 na\u010dasovanie n\u00e1stupu puberty.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h5>4. Dospelos\u0165<\/h5>\n<p>Zranite\u013enos\u0165 dospel\u00fdch s\u00favis\u00ed predov\u0161etk\u00fdm so \u017eivotn\u00fdmi okolnos\u0165ami, ako je vystavenie v pr\u00e1ci.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Pracovn\u00e9 rizik\u00e1:<\/strong> Mlad\u00ed dospel\u00ed \u010dasto pracuj\u00fa na najnebezpe\u010dnej\u0161\u00edch poz\u00edci\u00e1ch s vysokou expoz\u00edciou v priemysle fos\u00edlnych pal\u00edv.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Rakovina:<\/strong> U pracovn\u00edkov v ropnom priemysle bolo zisten\u00e9 zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00e9 riziko rakoviny, vr\u00e1tane <strong>mezoteli\u00f3mu<\/strong>, melan\u00f3mu ko\u017ee, mnohopo\u010detn\u00e9ho myel\u00f3mu, rakoviny prostaty a mo\u010dov\u00e9ho mech\u00fara, a u pracovn\u00edkov na mori aj zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00e9 riziko rakoviny p\u013e\u00fac a leuk\u00e9mie.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Kardiovaskul\u00e1rne a kognit\u00edvne choroby:<\/strong> Zne\u010distenie nar\u00fa\u0161a kognit\u00edvne funkcie a du\u0161evn\u00e9 zdravie, zvy\u0161uje riziko kardiovaskul\u00e1rnych chor\u00f4b. Expoz\u00edcia zne\u010disteniu s\u00favisiacemu s prem\u00e1vkou (NO\u2082) je spojen\u00e1 so zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00fdm rizikom <strong>srdcov\u00e9ho zlyhania<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Respira\u010dn\u00e9 choroby:<\/strong> Expoz\u00edcia zvy\u0161uje riziko astmy a in\u00fdch respira\u010dn\u00fdch ochoren\u00ed, vr\u00e1tane CHOCHP.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h5>5. Staroba (Elderhood)<\/h5>\n<p>Star\u0161\u00ed dospel\u00ed s\u00fa obzvl\u00e1\u0161\u0165 zranite\u013en\u00ed v d\u00f4sledku fyziologick\u00fdch faktorov, ako je zni\u017euj\u00faca sa \u00fa\u010dinnos\u0165 d\u00fdchacieho a kardiovaskul\u00e1rneho syst\u00e9mu, pr\u00edtomnosti chronick\u00fdch chor\u00f4b a <strong>kumulat\u00edvnej celo\u017eivotnej expoz\u00edcie<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Zhor\u0161enie chronick\u00fdch chor\u00f4b:<\/strong> Zne\u010distenie ovzdu\u0161ia zhor\u0161uje existuj\u00face chronick\u00e9 stavy, ako s\u00fa srdcov\u00e9 choroby, astma, CHOCHP, demencia a metabolick\u00e9 ochorenia. Napr\u00edklad expoz\u00edcia PAHs zni\u017euje funkciu mal\u00fdch d\u00fdchac\u00edch ciest u pacientov s CHOCHP.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Neurologick\u00e9 poruchy:<\/strong> Celo\u017eivotn\u00e1 expoz\u00edcia zvy\u0161uje riziko rozvoja zdravotn\u00fdch stavov, ktor\u00e9 s\u0165a\u017euj\u00fa starnutie. Expoz\u00edcia PM2.5, NO\u2082 a \u010diernemu uhl\u00edku (black carbon) m\u00f4\u017ee prispie\u0165 ku <strong>kognit\u00edvnemu poklesu<\/strong> a zvy\u0161uje riziko <strong>\u0627\u0644\u062e\u064e\u0631\u064e\u0641<\/strong> \u0648 <strong>Parkinsonovej choroby<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Pred\u010dasn\u00e1 \u00famrtnos\u0165:<\/strong> Expoz\u00edcia zne\u010disteniu z fos\u00edlnych pal\u00edv sp\u00f4sobuje <strong>pred\u010dasn\u00fa smr\u0165<\/strong>. Jedna \u0161t\u00fadia zistila, \u017ee zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00e1 expoz\u00edcia SO\u2082, najm\u00e4 zo spa\u013eovania uhlia a ropy, bola u star\u0161\u00edch dospel\u00fdch spojen\u00e1 s pred\u010dasnou \u00famrtnos\u0165ou. <em><strong>\u062c\u064a\u0647 \u0622\u0631 \u0622\u064a<\/strong><\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Zne\u010distenie sp\u00f4soben\u00e9 fos\u00edlnymi palivami ovplyv\u0148uje ka\u017ed\u00fa f\u00e1zu \u013eudsk\u00e9ho \u017eivota, od prenat\u00e1lneho v\u00fdvoja a\u017e po starobu, pri\u010dom expoz\u00edcia v skor\u0161\u00edch f\u00e1zach m\u00e1 \u010dasto trval\u00e9 negat\u00edvne d\u00f4sledky. Ni\u017e\u0161ie s\u00fa uveden\u00e9 hlavn\u00e9 zdravotn\u00e9 dopady<\/p>","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[4],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-37944","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-klimaticka-zmena"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.co2news.sk\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/37944","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.co2news.sk\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.co2news.sk\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.co2news.sk\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/7"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.co2news.sk\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=37944"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.co2news.sk\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/37944\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.co2news.sk\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=37944"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.co2news.sk\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=37944"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.co2news.sk\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=37944"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}