{"id":37941,"date":"2025-10-08T19:58:25","date_gmt":"2025-10-08T17:58:25","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.co2news.sk\/?p=37941"},"modified":"2025-10-08T19:59:29","modified_gmt":"2025-10-08T17:59:29","slug":"dan-za-fosilne-paliva-pre-zdravie-a-nutnost-spravodlivej-tranzicie","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.co2news.sk\/ar\/2025\/10\/08\/dan-za-fosilne-paliva-pre-zdravie-a-nutnost-spravodlivej-tranzicie\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0641\u0631\u0636 \u0636\u0631\u064a\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0641\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0648\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0641\u0648\u0631\u064a - \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062d\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0637 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632 - \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0646\u0627\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u064f\u0644\u062d\u0642 \u0636\u0631\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u064b \u0628\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0635\u062d\u062a\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0644\u062d\u0638\u0629 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0647. \u0641\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u062d\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0623\u0643\u0645\u0644\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0628\u062f\u0621\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0648\u062d\u062a\u0649 rafin\u00e1ciu, transport a likvid\u00e1ciu odpadu, zanech\u00e1va toxick\u00fa stopu na \u013eudskom zdrav\u00ed, soci\u00e1lnej pohode a ekosyst\u00e9moch. \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631<\/span><\/a> „Cradle to Grave: The Health Toll of Fossil Fuels and the Imperative for a Just Transition“ (Od kol\u00edsky po hrob: Zdravotn\u00e9 \u0161kody fos\u00edlnych pal\u00edv a imperat\u00edv spravodlivej tranz\u00edcie) poskytuje komplexn\u00fd glob\u00e1lny preh\u013ead t\u00fdchto d\u00f4sledkov.<\/p>\n

Fos\u00edlne paliv\u00e1 s\u00fa hlavn\u00fdm zdrojom emisi\u00ed sklen\u00edkov\u00fdch plynov, ktor\u00e9 poh\u00e1\u0148aj\u00fa klimatick\u00fa kr\u00edzu. T\u00e1to kr\u00edza zhor\u0161uje existuj\u00face zdravotn\u00e9 rizik\u00e1, pri\u010dom extr\u00e9mne hor\u00fa\u010davy zhor\u0161uj\u00fa zne\u010distenie ovzdu\u0161ia a zvy\u0161uj\u00fa riziko \u00famrtnosti, najm\u00e4 pri prekr\u00fdvan\u00ed sa s dymom z po\u017eiarov.<\/p>\n

Zdravotn\u00e9 dopady naprie\u010d vekom<\/h5>\n

Expoz\u00edcia zne\u010dis\u0165uj\u00facim l\u00e1tkam s\u00favisiacim s fos\u00edlnymi palivami m\u00e1 vplyv na ka\u017ed\u00e9 \u0161t\u00e1dium \u017eivota. E\u0161te pred naroden\u00edm<\/strong> je prenat\u00e1lna expoz\u00edcia spojen\u00e1 so zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00fdm rizikom n\u00edzkej p\u00f4rodnej hmotnosti, pred\u010dasn\u00e9ho p\u00f4rodu, potratu a vroden\u00fdch ch\u00fdb, ktor\u00e9 m\u00f4\u017eu die\u0165a po\u0161kodzova\u0165 po\u010das cel\u00e9ho \u017eivota.<\/p>\n

Deti s\u00fa obzvl\u00e1\u0161\u0165 zranite\u013en\u00e9<\/strong>, preto\u017ee d\u00fdchaj\u00fa r\u00fdchlej\u0161ie a inhaluj\u00fa viac zne\u010dis\u0165uj\u00facich l\u00e1tok v pomere k svojej telesnej hmotnosti. U det\u00ed je expoz\u00edcia spojen\u00e1 so zhor\u0161enou funkciou p\u013e\u00fac, zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00fdm rizikom rakoviny, predov\u0161etk\u00fdm leuk\u00e9mie, a zhor\u0161en\u00edm astmy a in\u00fdch respira\u010dn\u00fdch ochoren\u00ed. \u0160t\u00fadia z Richmond v Kalifornii uk\u00e1zala, \u017ee deti nav\u0161tevuj\u00fa urgentn\u00e9 centr\u00e1 pre astmu trikr\u00e1t \u010dastej\u0161ie ako deti v celom \u0161t\u00e1te, a to v oblastiach bl\u00edzko rafin\u00e9rie.<\/p>\n

U dospel\u00fdch<\/strong> zne\u010distenie nar\u00fa\u0161a kognit\u00edvne funkcie a du\u0161evn\u00e9 zdravie, zvy\u0161uje riziko kardiovaskul\u00e1rnych chor\u00f4b a rakoviny. Star\u0161\u00ed dospel\u00ed \u010delia v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ej zranite\u013enosti v d\u00f4sledku kumulat\u00edvnej expoz\u00edcie a existuj\u00facich chronick\u00fdch chor\u00f4b, ktor\u00e9 zhor\u0161uje zne\u010disten\u00e9 ovzdu\u0161ie, \u010do prispieva k pred\u010dasnej \u00famrtnosti a zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00e9mu riziku demencie a Parkinsonovej choroby.<\/p>\n

Nespravodliv\u00e1 distrib\u00facia \u0161k\u00f4d<\/h5>\n

Zdravotn\u00e9 \u0161kody sp\u00f4soben\u00e9 fos\u00edlnymi palivami s\u00fa distribuovan\u00e9 nerovnomerne. Marginalizovan\u00e9 skupiny<\/strong> (vr\u00e1tane domorod\u00fdch obyvate\u013eov, rasov\u00fdch men\u0161\u00edn a n\u00edzkopr\u00edjmov\u00fdch popul\u00e1ci\u00ed) ne\u00famerne \u017eij\u00fa v bl\u00edzkosti zne\u010dis\u0165uj\u00facej infra\u0161trukt\u00fary \u2013 v tzv. „obetn\u00fdch z\u00f3nach“. Tieto komunity za\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00fa mieru chor\u00f4b, invalidity a pred\u010dasnej smrti. Napr\u00edklad v Louisiane, USA, je oblas\u0165 prez\u00fdvan\u00e1 „Cancer Alley“ zn\u00e1ma vysok\u00fdm v\u00fdskytom rakoviny a respira\u010dn\u00fdch ochoren\u00ed, ktor\u00e9 ne\u00famerne postihuj\u00fa \u010derno\u0161sk\u00fdch obyvate\u013eov.<\/p>\n

Pracovn\u00edci<\/strong> v ropnom, plyn\u00e1renskom a uho\u013enom priemysle \u010delia zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00e9mu riziku rakoviny (vr\u00e1tane mezoteli\u00f3mu a leuk\u00e9mie) a v\u00e1\u017enym respira\u010dn\u00fdm ochoreniam, ako je pneumokoni\u00f3za (\u010dierne p\u013e\u00faca) a CHOCHP.<\/p>\n

\u017divotn\u00fd cyklus toxick\u00e9ho dopadu<\/h5>\n

Ka\u017ed\u00e1 f\u00e1za \u017eivotn\u00e9ho cyklu fos\u00edlnych pal\u00edv uvo\u013e\u0148uje \u0161kodliv\u00e9 l\u00e1tky:<\/p>\n

    \n
  • \u0164a\u017eba (Extraction):<\/strong> Napr\u00edklad fracking a \u0165a\u017eba uhlia uvo\u013e\u0148uj\u00fa benz\u00e9n, \u0165a\u017ek\u00e9 kovy (ortu\u0165, olovo) a r\u00e1dioakt\u00edvne materi\u00e1ly, \u010do zvy\u0161uje mieru respira\u010dn\u00fdch a kardiovaskul\u00e1rnych chor\u00f4b. Hav\u00e1rie na \u0165a\u017eobn\u00fdch miestach, ako napr\u00edklad po\u017eiare uho\u013en\u00fdch slojov v Jharii v Indii (horiace od roku 1916), uvo\u013e\u0148uj\u00fa toxick\u00fd mix plynov, ktor\u00fd vedie k respira\u010dn\u00fdm ochoreniam.<\/li>\n
  • Spracovanie a rafin\u00e1cia (Processing and Refining):<\/strong> Tieto procesy emituj\u00fa karcinog\u00e9nne chemik\u00e1lie, ako s\u00fa benz\u00e9n, tolu\u00e9n a prchav\u00e9 organick\u00e9 zl\u00fa\u010deniny (VOC), ktor\u00e9 ohrozuj\u00fa pracovn\u00edkov a okolit\u00fdch obyvate\u013eov.<\/li>\n
  • Spa\u013eovanie (Combustion):<\/strong> Spa\u013eovanie je hlavn\u00fdm zdrojom jemn\u00fdch tuh\u00fdch \u010dast\u00edc (PM2.5)<\/strong> a oxidu dusi\u010dit\u00e9ho (NO2), ktor\u00e9 prenikaj\u00fa hlboko do p\u013e\u00fac a krvn\u00e9ho obehu, \u010d\u00edm zvy\u0161uj\u00fa riziko pred\u010dasnej \u00famrtnosti, astmy, srdcov\u00fdch chor\u00f4b a m\u0155tvice. Napr\u00edklad uho\u013en\u00e9 elektr\u00e1rne s\u00fa spojen\u00e9 s pred\u010dasn\u00fdmi \u00famrtiami a negat\u00edvnymi v\u00fdsledkami pri p\u00f4rode, pri\u010dom uzatvorenie troch elektr\u00e1rn\u00ed v Chicagu viedlo k poklesu n\u00e1v\u0161tev pohotovosti pre astmu u mal\u00fdch det\u00ed.<\/li>\n
  • Odpad (Waste):<\/strong> Plynov\u00e9 flaring (spa\u013eovanie prebyto\u010dn\u00e9ho plynu) a uho\u013en\u00fd popol vystavuj\u00fa komunity \u0165a\u017ek\u00fdm kovom a tox\u00ednom. Expoz\u00edcia benz\u00e9nu z denn\u00e9ho flaring bola spojen\u00e1 so zmenen\u00fdmi pe\u010de\u0148ov\u00fdmi enz\u00fdmami a krvn\u00fdmi bunkami u det\u00ed.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
    Imperat\u00edv pre zdrav\u00fa a spravodliv\u00fa tranz\u00edciu<\/h5>\n

    Prechod od fos\u00edlnych pal\u00edv k \u010distej a obnovite\u013enej energii je ekonomicky v\u00fdhodn\u00fd a eticky nevyhnutn\u00fd. N\u00e1klady na ne\u010dinnos\u0165 st\u00fapaj\u00fa<\/strong>: glob\u00e1lne dot\u00e1cie fos\u00edlnym paliv\u00e1m dosiahli v roku 2022 odhadom 7 bili\u00f3nov USD, z \u010doho 5,7 bili\u00f3na USD predstavovali implicitn\u00e9 n\u00e1klady (nepriame spolo\u010densk\u00e9 n\u00e1klady, vr\u00e1tane \u0161k\u00f4d na zdrav\u00ed a kl\u00edme). Presmerovanie dot\u00e1ci\u00ed do \u010distej energie a zdravotn\u00edctva by mohlo uvo\u013eni\u0165 4 bili\u00f3ny USD vo verejn\u00fdch pr\u00edjmoch a zabr\u00e1ni\u0165 mili\u00f3nom pred\u010dasn\u00fdch \u00famrt\u00ed.<\/p>\n

    K\u013e\u00fa\u010dov\u00e9 politick\u00e9 odpor\u00fa\u010dania pre zdrav\u00fa a spravodliv\u00fa tranz\u00edciu zah\u0155\u0148aj\u00fa:<\/p>\n

      \n
    1. Zastavenie novej \u0165a\u017eby a rozvoja fos\u00edlnych pal\u00edv:<\/strong> Je to nevyhnutn\u00e9 na splnenie glob\u00e1lnych klimatick\u00fdch cie\u013eov (Par\u00ed\u017eska dohoda 1,5 \u00b0C).<\/li>\n
    2. Ukon\u010denie dot\u00e1ci\u00ed fos\u00edlnym paliv\u00e1m:<\/strong> U\u0161etren\u00e9 prostriedky je nutn\u00e9 presmerova\u0165 do odolnej infra\u0161trukt\u00fary a zni\u017eovania zne\u010distenia.<\/li>\n
    3. Vy\u010distenie existuj\u00facej produkcie:<\/strong> Treba prija\u0165 okam\u017eit\u00e9 opatrenia na zn\u00ed\u017eenie emisi\u00ed met\u00e1nu a toxick\u00fdch chemik\u00e1li\u00ed, s cie\u013eom zlep\u0161i\u0165 verejn\u00e9 zdravie a kl\u00edmu.<\/li>\n
    4. Internaliz\u00e1cia n\u00e1kladov na zdravie pomocou princ\u00edpu „Zne\u010dis\u0165ovate\u013e plat\u00ed“<\/strong>: T\u00fdm sa zabezpe\u010d\u00ed, \u017ee zne\u010dis\u0165ovatelia pones\u00fa n\u00e1klady za environment\u00e1lne a zdravotn\u00e9 \u0161kody, namiesto toho, aby tieto n\u00e1klady padali na verejn\u00e9 zdravotn\u00edcke syst\u00e9my.<\/li>\n
    5. Regul\u00e1cia vplyvu a dezinform\u00e1ci\u00ed fos\u00edlneho priemyslu:<\/strong> Je potrebn\u00e9 zak\u00e1za\u0165 reklamy a sponzorstvo fos\u00edlnych pal\u00edv na z\u00e1klade \u00faspe\u0161n\u00fdch kampan\u00ed kontroly tabaku.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

      Prechod na zdrav\u0161iu a spravodlivej\u0161iu bud\u00facnos\u0165 nie je len environment\u00e1lny imperat\u00edv, ale mor\u00e1lny imperat\u00edv. Veda je jasn\u00e1<\/strong>: na\u0161a z\u00e1vislos\u0165 na fos\u00edlnych paliv\u00e1ch stoj\u00ed \u017eivoty a \u017eivobytie dnes. Konanie mus\u00ed by\u0165 neodkladn\u00e9. \u062c\u064a\u0647 \u0622\u0631 \u0622\u064a<\/strong><\/em><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

      \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0641\u0648\u0631\u064a - \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062d\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0637 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632 - \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0646\u0627\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u064f\u0644\u062d\u0642 \u0636\u0631\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u064b \u0628\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0635\u062d\u062a\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0644\u062d\u0638\u0629 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0647. \u0641\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u062d\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0623\u0643\u0645\u0644\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0628\u062f\u0621\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0648\u062d\u062a\u0649<\/p>","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[6,4],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-37941","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-uhlikova-stopa","category-klimaticka-zmena"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.co2news.sk\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/37941","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.co2news.sk\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.co2news.sk\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.co2news.sk\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/7"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.co2news.sk\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=37941"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.co2news.sk\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/37941\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.co2news.sk\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=37941"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.co2news.sk\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=37941"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.co2news.sk\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=37941"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}