{"id":37831,"date":"2025-09-24T08:15:17","date_gmt":"2025-09-24T06:15:17","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.co2news.sk\/?p=37831"},"modified":"2025-09-24T08:16:06","modified_gmt":"2025-09-24T06:16:06","slug":"defosilizacia-priemyslu-potencial-a-prekazky-rozsiahleho-nasadenia-ccu-technologii","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.co2news.sk\/ar\/2025\/09\/24\/defosilizacia-priemyslu-potencial-a-prekazky-rozsiahleho-nasadenia-ccu-technologii\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0625\u0632\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0641\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629: \u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0639\u0642\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u062d\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0647"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631\u064c \u0647\u0627\u0645\u064c \u0644\u0627\u0646\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062b\u0627\u062a \u063a\u0627\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a. \u0648\u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0633\u0639\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0629\u064b \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0635\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062b\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c zachyt\u00e1vanie a vyu\u017e\u00edvanie uhl\u00edka (CCU)<\/strong> ukazuje ako s\u013eubn\u00e1 cesta. CCU pon\u00faka potenci\u00e1l na konverziu zachyten\u00e9ho CO2 na hodnotn\u00e9 produkty, ako s\u00fa paliv\u00e1, chemik\u00e1lie a stavebn\u00e9 materi\u00e1ly, \u010d\u00edm prispieva k zni\u017eovaniu emisi\u00ed a potenci\u00e1lne vytv\u00e1ra nov\u00e9 priemyseln\u00e9 hodnotov\u00e9 toky. Tieto technol\u00f3gie maj\u00fa potenci\u00e1l \u201edefosilizova\u0165\u201c<\/strong> odvetvia, ktor\u00e9 s\u00fa z\u00e1visl\u00e9 od uhl\u00edkov\u00fdch surov\u00edn.<\/p>\n

Hoci CCU s\u013eubuje v\u00fdznamn\u00e9 pr\u00edle\u017eitosti pre udr\u017eate\u013en\u00fd priemyseln\u00fd prechod, v praxi \u010del\u00ed mnoh\u00fdm syst\u00e9mov\u00fdm prek\u00e1\u017ekam. S v\u00fdnimkou u\u017e zrel\u00fdch aplik\u00e1ci\u00ed, ako je v\u00fdroba mo\u010doviny pre hnojiv\u00e1, je v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ina aplik\u00e1ci\u00ed op\u00e4tovne pou\u017eit\u00e9ho uhl\u00edka len v pilotnom a demon\u0161tra\u010dnom rozsahu a komer\u010dne nezrel\u00e1.<\/p>\n

S\u00fa\u010dasn\u00fd stav a projekcie<\/strong><\/p>\n

CCU m\u00e1 potenci\u00e1l sta\u0165 sa cennou p\u00e1kou v \u0161ir\u0161om \u00fasil\u00ed o prechod k udr\u017eate\u013enej a obehovej ekonomike. Zachyten\u00e9 CO2 m\u00f4\u017ee poch\u00e1dza\u0165 z fos\u00edlnych bodov\u00fdch zdrojov, biog\u00e9nnych zdrojov alebo priameho zachyt\u00e1vania zo vzduchu (DAC). DAC<\/strong> (Direct Air Capture) je v s\u00fa\u010dasnosti najdrah\u0161\u00edm a najmenej dostupn\u00fdm zdrojom.<\/p>\n

Napriek teoretick\u00e9mu potenci\u00e1lu, re\u00e1lne invest\u00edcie zaost\u00e1vaj\u00fa. Medzin\u00e1rodn\u00e1 energetick\u00e1 agent\u00fara (IEA) predpovedala, \u017ee do roku 2050 by sa malo vyu\u017ei\u0165 369 mili\u00f3nov ton ro\u010dne (Mtpa)<\/strong> CO2, \u010do je v s\u00falade s jej Scen\u00e1rom udr\u017eate\u013en\u00e9ho rozvoja. Av\u0161ak aktu\u00e1lny projektov\u00fd pipeline<\/em> invest\u00edci\u00ed do CCU zost\u00e1va ve\u013emi n\u00edzky, s celkovou kapacitou len pribli\u017ene 21 Mtpa<\/strong> v r\u00e1mci v\u00fdvoja do roku 2040. S\u00fa\u010dasn\u00e9 pl\u00e1novan\u00e9 invest\u00edcie sa zameriavaj\u00fa najm\u00e4 na v\u00fdrobu pal\u00edv<\/strong> (ako je PtL SAF a metanol), s men\u0161\u00edm podielom chemik\u00e1li\u00ed a stavebn\u00fdch materi\u00e1lov. Napr\u00edklad dopyt po e-metanole<\/strong> by mohol do roku 2050 dosiahnu\u0165 pribli\u017ene 40 Mtpa.<\/p>\n

Politick\u00e9 a finan\u010dn\u00e9 prek\u00e1\u017eky<\/strong><\/p>\n

Nov\u00e9 CCU technol\u00f3gie \u010delia trom hlavn\u00fdm syst\u00e9mov\u00fdm bari\u00e9ram: nejednotn\u00fdm politick\u00fdm r\u00e1mcom, finan\u010dn\u00fdm prek\u00e1\u017ekam a potrebe intenz\u00edvnej medzi-sektorovej spolupr\u00e1ce.<\/p>\n

    \n
  1. Politick\u00e9 bari\u00e9ry:<\/strong> Politick\u00e9 r\u00e1mce s\u00fa fragmentovan\u00e9 a nekonzistentn\u00e9<\/strong> v r\u00f4znych jurisdikci\u00e1ch a \u010dasto uprednost\u0148uj\u00fa sekvestr\u00e1ciu (CCS)<\/strong> pred vyu\u017eit\u00edm (CCU). T\u00e1to nerovnov\u00e1ha brzd\u00ed invest\u00edcie. Napr\u00edklad, v Eur\u00f3pskej \u00fanii (E\u00da) syst\u00e9m EU ETS (European Union Emissions Trading System) vytv\u00e1ra disincent\u00edvu pre CCU, preto\u017ee n\u00e1klady s\u00fa \u00fa\u010dtovan\u00e9, pokia\u013e uhl\u00edk nie je trvalo ulo\u017een\u00fd. Na druhej strane, USA so svoj\u00edm da\u0148ov\u00fdm \u00faverom 45Q pri\u0165ahuj\u00fa invest\u00edcie, hoci politick\u00e1 volatilita viedla k neistote medzi investormi.<\/li>\n
  2. Finan\u010dn\u00e9 bari\u00e9ry:<\/strong> CCU spolo\u010dnosti \u010delia \u201e\u00fadoliam smrti\u201c<\/strong> (valleys of death), ktor\u00e9 s\u00fa charakterizovan\u00e9 dlh\u00fdmi v\u00fdvojov\u00fdmi \u010dasmi, vysok\u00fdmi kapit\u00e1lov\u00fdmi n\u00e1rokmi a nezrel\u00fdmi obchodn\u00fdmi modelmi. To s\u0165a\u017euje pr\u00edstup ku konven\u010dn\u00fdm form\u00e1m financovania. Invest\u00edcie do CCU spolo\u010dnost\u00ed s\u00edce od roku 2020 prudko vzr\u00e1stli, najm\u00e4 v oblasti pal\u00edv a chemik\u00e1li\u00ed, pri\u010dom v invest\u00edci\u00e1ch st\u00e1le dominuj\u00fa spolo\u010dnosti so s\u00eddlom v USA. Pre prekonanie t\u00fdchto prek\u00e1\u017eok je nevyhnutn\u00fd pacientsky kapit\u00e1l<\/strong>, ktor\u00fd toleruje neistotu a pon\u00faka dlh\u0161ie investi\u010dn\u00e9 horizonty.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    Cesty vpred: Stabilita a spolupr\u00e1ca<\/strong><\/p>\n

    Aby sa CCU stalo \u017eivotaschopn\u00fdm, vy\u017eaduje podporn\u00e9 politick\u00e9 r\u00e1mce, trpezliv\u00fd kapit\u00e1l a \u00fazku spolupr\u00e1cu medzi zainteresovan\u00fdmi stranami. Ak chc\u00fa vl\u00e1dy zavies\u0165 CCU, musia sa zaviaza\u0165 k stabiln\u00fdm a dlhodob\u00fdm stimulom<\/strong>. K\u013e\u00fa\u010dov\u00e9 je vyvin\u00fa\u0165 konsenzus o metodike anal\u00fdzy \u017eivotn\u00e9ho cyklu (LCA)<\/strong>, aby sa zabezpe\u010dilo, \u017ee CCU skuto\u010dne prinesie zn\u00ed\u017eenie emisi\u00ed.<\/p>\n

    Rast CCU z\u00e1vis\u00ed aj od bezprecedentnej medzi-sektorovej spolupr\u00e1ce<\/strong>. CCU inov\u00e1tori musia spolupracova\u0165 s existuj\u00facimi priemyseln\u00fdmi hr\u00e1\u010dmi, aby z\u00edskali pr\u00edstup k infra\u0161trukt\u00fare, odborn\u00fdm znalostiam a trhov\u00fdm kan\u00e1lom. Verejn\u00fd sektor m\u00f4\u017ee toto nasadenie podpori\u0165 napr\u00edklad poskytnut\u00edm katalytick\u00e9ho kapit\u00e1lu, navrhnut\u00edm mechanizmov zdie\u013eania rizika (ako s\u00fa z\u00e1ruky za \u00favery) a stanoven\u00edm po\u017eiadaviek na obstar\u00e1vanie CCU produktov.<\/p>\n

    CCU tak predstavuje nielen environment\u00e1lnu pr\u00edle\u017eitos\u0165, ale aj ekonomick\u00fa, preto\u017ee vytv\u00e1ra nov\u00e9 zdroje pr\u00edjmov z valoriz\u00e1cie odpadov\u00fdch tokov. \u00daspech CCU bude z\u00e1visie\u0165 od toho, ako sa zainteresovan\u00e9 strany rozhodn\u00fa vytvori\u0165 spr\u00e1vne podmienky pre inov\u00e1cie, nasadenie a u\u010denie. \u062c\u064a\u0647 \u0622\u0631 \u0622\u064a<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n

    \n

    Zdroj : Biela kniha<\/span><\/a> Svetov\u00e9ho ekonomick\u00e9ho f\u00f3ra (WEF)<\/strong>\u00a0s n\u00e1zvom \u201eDefossilizing Industry: Considerations for Scaling-up Carbon Capture and Utilization Pathways\u201c<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    \u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631\u064c \u0647\u0627\u0645\u064c \u0644\u0627\u0646\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062b\u0627\u062a \u063a\u0627\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a. \u0648\u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0633\u0639\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0629\u064b \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0635\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062b\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c<\/p>","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-37831","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-znizovanie_co2_cdr_ccs_ccu_dac"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.co2news.sk\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/37831","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.co2news.sk\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.co2news.sk\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.co2news.sk\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/7"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.co2news.sk\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=37831"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.co2news.sk\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/37831\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.co2news.sk\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=37831"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.co2news.sk\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=37831"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.co2news.sk\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=37831"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}