{"id":37771,"date":"2025-09-18T17:08:33","date_gmt":"2025-09-18T15:08:33","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.co2news.sk\/?p=37771"},"modified":"2025-09-18T17:09:33","modified_gmt":"2025-09-18T15:09:33","slug":"svetove-ocakavania-od-klimatickeho-summitu-cop30-v-brazilii","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.co2news.sk\/ar\/2025\/09\/18\/svetove-ocakavania-od-klimatickeho-summitu-cop30-v-brazilii\/","title":{"rendered":"\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e COP30 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0632\u064a\u0644"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0645\u0629 COP30 <strong>\u0645\u0646 10 \u0625\u0644\u0649 21 \u0646\u0648\u0641\u0645\u0628\u0631 2025 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0645\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0632\u064a\u0644<\/strong>. \u062a\u0623\u062a\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0642\u062a \u062a\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u0645 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0623\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e\u060c \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0639\u0642\u0627\u0628 \u062a\u062d\u0630\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0627\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0634\u0623\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a <!--more-->otep\u013eovania o 1,5 \u00b0C je na spadnutie. Svetov\u00e1 meteorologick\u00e1 organiz\u00e1cia potvrdila, \u017ee v roku 2024 priemern\u00e1 glob\u00e1lna teplota dosiahla pribli\u017ene 1,55 \u00b0C nad predindustri\u00e1lnu \u00farove\u0148, \u010do pod\u010diarkuje naliehavos\u0165 situ\u00e1cie.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Vedeck\u00e9 varovania a naliehavos\u0165 opatren\u00ed<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Medzivl\u00e1dny panel pre zmenu kl\u00edmy (IPCC) zd\u00f4raz\u0148uje, \u017ee hranicu 1,5 \u00b0C mo\u017eno udr\u017ea\u0165 len vtedy, ak <strong>glob\u00e1lne emisie sklen\u00edkov\u00fdch plynov dosiahnu vrchol pred rokom 2025 a do roku 2030 klesn\u00fa pribli\u017ene o 43 %<\/strong>. Vedci opakovane upozor\u0148uj\u00fa, \u017ee ka\u017ed\u00e9 \u010fal\u0161ie oteplenie o 0,1 \u00b0C by dramaticky zhor\u0161ilo dopady klimatickej kr\u00edzy, zv\u00fd\u0161ilo frekvenciu a intenzitu extr\u00e9mnych udalost\u00ed (ako s\u00fa vlny hor\u00fa\u010dav a povodne) a zv\u00fd\u0161ilo pravdepodobnos\u0165 \u201eklimatick\u00fdch sp\u00e4tn\u00fdch v\u00e4zieb\u201c. IPCC varuje, \u017ee prekro\u010denie oteplenia aj len na ur\u010dit\u00fd \u010das zvy\u0161uje riziko tzv. klimatick\u00fdch \u201etippingov\u201c, ako je kolaps \u013eadov\u00fdch \u0161t\u00edtov Gr\u00f3nska alebo Antarkt\u00eddy, ktor\u00fd by sp\u00f4sobil nezvratn\u00e9 st\u00fapnutie hladiny mor\u00ed. Na zabr\u00e1nenie t\u00fdmto scen\u00e1rom klimatol\u00f3govia zd\u00f4raz\u0148uj\u00fa <strong>neodkladn\u00e9 zn\u00ed\u017eenie emisi\u00ed<\/strong> a potrebu dosiahnu\u0165 glob\u00e1lne nulov\u00e9 \u010dist\u00e9 emisie CO\u2082 pribli\u017ene do roku 2050 (pre limit 1,5 \u00b0C). S\u00fa\u010dasn\u00e9 n\u00e1rodn\u00e9 z\u00e1v\u00e4zky (NDC) v\u0161ak pokr\u00fdvaj\u00fa len zlomok potrebn\u00fdch redukci\u00ed (pribli\u017ene 5\u20136 % do roku 2030).<\/p>\n<p><strong>K\u013e\u00fa\u010dov\u00e9 politick\u00e9 rozhodnutia o\u010dak\u00e1van\u00e9 na COP30<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Politick\u00e9 kroky na summite by sa mali zamera\u0165 na syst\u00e9mov\u00fd odklon od fos\u00edlnych pal\u00edv a zav\u00e1dzanie klimatick\u00fdch opatren\u00ed. Medzi najd\u00f4le\u017eitej\u0161ie patria:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Postupn\u00fd odklon od fos\u00edlnych pal\u00edv:<\/strong> Zak\u00e1zanie v\u00fdstavby nov\u00fdch uho\u013en\u00fdch, ropn\u00fdch a plynov\u00fdch elektr\u00e1rn\u00ed a postupn\u00e9 zru\u0161enie dot\u00e1ci\u00ed pre fos\u00edlne paliv\u00e1, s podporou prechodu na obnovite\u013en\u00e9 zdroje energie (OZE). IEA nazna\u010duje, \u017ee v scen\u00e1ri uhl\u00edkovej neutrality do roku 2050 by takmer 90 % elektriny mohlo poch\u00e1dza\u0165 z OZE.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Z\u00e1v\u00e4zn\u00e9 klimatick\u00e9 z\u00e1kony:<\/strong> Prijatie pr\u00edsnych legislat\u00edvnych cie\u013eov (napr\u00edklad uhl\u00edkovej neutrality do roku 2050), uhl\u00edkov\u00fdch rozpo\u010dtov a <strong>syst\u00e9mu cenotvorby CO\u2082<\/strong> (emisn\u00e9 povolenky alebo uhl\u00edkov\u00e1 da\u0148).<\/li>\n<li><strong>Funguj\u00faci trh s uhl\u00edkom:<\/strong> Implement\u00e1cia kone\u010dn\u00fdch pravidiel Emisn\u00e9ho obchodn\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu Par\u00ed\u017eskej dohody (\u010dl\u00e1nok 6) s jednotn\u00fdmi \u0161tandardmi a spo\u013eahlivou metodikou merania emisi\u00ed.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Mas\u00edvny rozvoj \u010dist\u00fdch technol\u00f3gi\u00ed:<\/strong> V\u00fdznamn\u00e9 nav\u00fd\u0161enie invest\u00edci\u00ed do OZE, bat\u00e9riov\u00fdch \u00falo\u017e\u00edsk, inteligentn\u00fdch siet\u00ed a technol\u00f3gi\u00ed zni\u017euj\u00facich emisie. Glob\u00e1lny s\u00fahrn v\u00fdstupov COP28 vyzval krajiny na <strong>trojn\u00e1sobn\u00e9 roz\u0161\u00edrenie kapac\u00edt OZE a zdvojn\u00e1sobenie energetickej \u00fa\u010dinnosti do roku 2030<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Elektrifik\u00e1cia dopravy:<\/strong> Zavedenie z\u00e1v\u00e4zn\u00e9ho term\u00ednu na ukon\u010denie predaja nov\u00fdch \u00e1ut na fos\u00edlne paliv\u00e1 (napr. do roku 2035) a podpora n\u00e1rastu elektrick\u00fdch vozidiel.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644:<\/strong> Zabezpe\u010denie podpory pre pracovn\u00edkov a komunity z\u00e1visl\u00e9 na fos\u00edlnych zdrojoch (rekvalifik\u00e1cie, invest\u00edcie do zelen\u00e9ho priemyslu).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Potrebn\u00e9 spr\u00edsnenie n\u00e1rodn\u00fdch z\u00e1v\u00e4zkov (NDC)<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Krajiny musia svoje n\u00e1rodn\u00e9 klimatick\u00e9 pl\u00e1ny (NDC) z\u00e1sadne spr\u00edsni\u0165, aby zodpovedali vedeck\u00fdm po\u017eiadavk\u00e1m. O\u010dak\u00e1vaj\u00fa sa ambici\u00f3znej\u0161ie ciele zni\u017eovania emisi\u00ed (pribli\u017ene o 43 % do roku 2030 oproti roku 2019) a komplexn\u00e9 pokrytie v\u0161etk\u00fdch sektorov a sklen\u00edkov\u00fdch plynov. NDC by mali zah\u0155\u0148a\u0165 dlhodob\u00fa v\u00edziu uhl\u00edkovej neutrality do polovice storo\u010dia a medzistup\u0148ov\u00e9 ciele. D\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e9 je tie\u017e posilnenie adapta\u010dn\u00fdch opatren\u00ed, zv\u00fd\u0161enie transparentnosti a splnenie z\u00e1v\u00e4zkov rozvinut\u00fdch kraj\u00edn financova\u0165 klimatick\u00e9 opatrenia v rozvojov\u00fdch \u0161t\u00e1toch.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Financovanie adapt\u00e1cie a fond pre straty a \u0161kody<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>COP30 m\u00e1 prinies\u0165 drastick\u00e9 nav\u00fd\u0161enie zdrojov na klimatick\u00fa adapt\u00e1ciu v rozvojov\u00fdch krajin\u00e1ch. Odhadovan\u00e1 potreba adapt\u00e1cie je 200\u2013300 mili\u00e1rd USD ro\u010dne do roku 2030, zatia\u013e \u010do medzin\u00e1rodn\u00e9 toky na adapt\u00e1ciu dosiahli v roku 2022 len pribli\u017ene 28 mili\u00e1rd USD. Prelomovou by mala by\u0165 <strong>nov\u00e1 kolekt\u00edvna kvantifikovan\u00e1 cie\u013eov\u00e1 suma (NCQG) na klimatick\u00e9 financovanie<\/strong>, ktor\u00fa COP29 navrhol zv\u00fd\u0161i\u0165 na <strong>300 mili\u00e1rd USD ro\u010dne do roku 2035<\/strong> (s cestovnou mapou na 1,3 bili\u00f3na do roku 2035), pri\u010dom v\u00fdznamn\u00e1 \u010das\u0165 by mala smerova\u0165 na adapt\u00e1ciu.<\/p>\n<p>\u010eal\u0161ou k\u013e\u00fa\u010dovou t\u00e9mou s\u00fa <strong>spolo\u010dn\u00e9 zodpovednosti za neekonomick\u00e9 straty a \u0161kody<\/strong>. Na COP27 bol vytvoren\u00fd Fond pre straty a \u0161kody, do ktor\u00e9ho u\u017e na COP28 prispelo pribli\u017ene 0,66 miliardy USD. Svetov\u00e1 banka bola do\u010dasne poveren\u00e1 \u00falohou hostite\u013esk\u00e9ho sekretari\u00e1tu na prv\u00e9 \u0161tyri roky. Na COP30 sa o\u010dak\u00e1vaj\u00fa \u010fal\u0161ie finan\u010dn\u00e9 z\u00e1v\u00e4zky a jasn\u00e9 mechanizmy fungovania fondu, pri\u010dom nov\u00e1 nez\u00e1visl\u00e1 Rada fondu m\u00e1 schva\u013eova\u0165 priority a krit\u00e9ri\u00e1 financovania. O\u010dak\u00e1va sa, \u017ee fond za\u010dne poskytova\u0165 prv\u00e9 platby postihnut\u00fdm komunit\u00e1m v roku 2025. Diskutuj\u00fa sa aj n\u00e1vrhy na zavedenie finan\u010dn\u00fdch pr\u00edspevkov od kraj\u00edn zodpovedn\u00fdch za emisie, napr\u00edklad prostredn\u00edctvom uhl\u00edkov\u00fdch dan\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Technologick\u00e9 inov\u00e1cie pre klimatick\u00e9 ciele<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Technologick\u00fd pokrok je k\u013e\u00fa\u010dov\u00fd pre dosiahnutie klimatick\u00fdch cie\u013eov. Medzi hlavn\u00e9 rie\u0161enia patria:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Obnovite\u013en\u00e9 zdroje energie (OZE):<\/strong> Sol\u00e1rne, vetern\u00e9, vodn\u00e9 a geoterm\u00e1lne elektr\u00e1rne musia v\u00fdrazne nahradi\u0165 fos\u00edlne zdroje. IEA odhaduje, \u017ee v scen\u00e1ri uhl\u00edkovej neutrality zohraj\u00fa OZE do roku 2050 dominantn\u00fa \u00falohu, zabezpe\u010duj\u00fac a\u017e 90 % v\u00fdroby elektriny.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Zachyt\u00e1vanie uhl\u00edka (CCS) a odstr\u00e1nenie CO\u2082:<\/strong> Nevyhnutn\u00e9 pre sektory s \u0165a\u017eko nahradite\u013en\u00fdmi emisiami (napr. oce\u013e, bet\u00f3n). V\u0161etky cesty k 1,5 \u00b0C po\u010d\u00edtaj\u00fa s vyu\u017eit\u00edm tzv. carbon removal, ako je BECCS (bioenergia s CCS) alebo priame zachyt\u00e1vanie CO\u2082 z ovzdu\u0161ia. Tieto technol\u00f3gie vy\u017eaduj\u00fa mas\u00edvne invest\u00edcie do v\u00fdskumu a v\u00fdvoja.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Inov\u00e1cie v po\u013enohospod\u00e1rstve a pozemkoch:<\/strong> Prec\u00edzne a regenerat\u00edvne po\u013enohospod\u00e1rstvo, \u0161etrnej\u0161ie pou\u017e\u00edvanie hnoj\u00edv a zni\u017eovanie plytvania potravinami dok\u00e1\u017eu podstatne zn\u00ed\u017ei\u0165 emisie. D\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e9 je tie\u017e zales\u0148ovanie a programy v\u00fdskumu nov\u00fdch odr\u00f4d odoln\u00fdch vo\u010di extr\u00e9mnym vplyvom po\u010dasia.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u010eal\u0161ie \u010dist\u00e9 technol\u00f3gie:<\/strong> Mas\u00edvna elektrifik\u00e1cia dopravy a vykurovania, rozvoj vod\u00edkov\u00fdch hospod\u00e1rstiev a moderniz\u00e1cia stavebn\u00e9ho sektora.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Svet o\u010dak\u00e1va, \u017ee COP30 prinesie nielen politick\u00e9 po\u017eiadavky, ale aj konkr\u00e9tne pokroky v pr\u00edprave a financovan\u00ed technick\u00fdch inov\u00e1ci\u00ed, ktor\u00e9 umo\u017enia zn\u00ed\u017ei\u0165 emisie a zlep\u0161i\u0165 adaptabilitu spolo\u010dnost\u00ed. V\u0161etky tieto opatrenia by mali by\u0165 zakotven\u00e9 vo form\u00e1lnych uzneseniach summitu a n\u00e1sledne implementovan\u00e9 v n\u00e1rodn\u00fdch politik\u00e1ch, aby sa dosiahli konkr\u00e9tne v\u00fdsledky. <em><strong>\u062c\u064a\u0647 \u0622\u0631 \u0622\u064a<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<hr \/>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Nasleduj\u00faci 30. klimatick\u00fd summit COP30 sa uskuto\u010dn\u00ed od 10. do 21. novembra 2025 v Bel\u00e9me v Braz\u00edlii. Tento summit prich\u00e1dza v \u010dase prehlbuj\u00facej sa klimatickej kr\u00edzy a po naliehav\u00fdch varovaniach vedcov, \u017ee prekro\u010denie hranice glob\u00e1lneho<\/p>","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[17],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-37771","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-cop28-cop29-cop30-cop31"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.co2news.sk\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/37771","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.co2news.sk\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.co2news.sk\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.co2news.sk\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/7"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.co2news.sk\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=37771"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.co2news.sk\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/37771\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.co2news.sk\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=37771"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.co2news.sk\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=37771"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.co2news.sk\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=37771"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}