{"id":37654,"date":"2025-09-11T10:54:02","date_gmt":"2025-09-11T08:54:02","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.co2news.sk\/?p=37654"},"modified":"2025-09-11T10:54:48","modified_gmt":"2025-09-11T08:54:48","slug":"ako-pripravit-inventuru-emisii-sklenikovych-plynov-sprievodca-pre-mesta","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.co2news.sk\/ar\/2025\/09\/11\/ako-pripravit-inventuru-emisii-sklenikovych-plynov-sprievodca-pre-mesta\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u062c\u0631\u062f \u0644\u0627\u0646\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062b\u0627\u062a \u063a\u0627\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a: \u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>\u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f\u0651 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0631\u0624\u0633\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 - \u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0627 (CoM EU) \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 12000 \u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0639\u0645 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0641\u0639\u0651\u0627\u0644\u0629.<!--more--> klimatick\u00fdch polit\u00edk na mestskej \u00farovni. Signat\u00e1ri paktu sa dobrovo\u013ene zav\u00e4zuj\u00fa k vypracovaniu a implement\u00e1cii <strong>Pl\u00e1nu udr\u017eate\u013enej energetiky a kl\u00edmy (SECAP)<\/strong>, ktor\u00e9ho k\u013e\u00fa\u010dovou s\u00fa\u010das\u0165ou je zostavenie invent\u00far emisi\u00ed sklen\u00edkov\u00fdch plynov (GHG). Tento <a href=\"https:\/\/euagenda.eu\/publications\/download\/654902\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">\u0648\u062b\u064a\u0642\u0629<\/span><\/a>, vydan\u00fd Spolo\u010dn\u00fdm v\u00fdskumn\u00fdm centrom (JRC) Eur\u00f3pskej komisie, poskytuje podrobn\u00e9 usmernenia, ako tak\u00fato invent\u00faru pripravi\u0165 v r\u00e1mci CoM.<\/p>\n<p><strong>V\u00fdznam a ciele inventariz\u00e1cie emisi\u00ed GHG<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Invent\u00fary emisi\u00ed sklen\u00edkov\u00fdch plynov s\u00fa nevyhnutn\u00e9 pre informovan\u00e9 pl\u00e1novanie, implement\u00e1ciu a monitorovanie \u00fa\u010dinn\u00fdch opatren\u00ed na zmiernenie zmeny kl\u00edmy na miestnej \u00farovni. Poskytuj\u00fa podrobn\u00e9 inform\u00e1cie o mestsk\u00fdch aktivit\u00e1ch, ako je kone\u010dn\u00e1 spotreba energie a produkcia odpadu, a s nimi spojen\u00fdch emisi\u00e1ch GHG pre referen\u010dn\u00fd rok. Pom\u00e1haj\u00fa samospr\u00e1vam pl\u00e1nova\u0165, monitorova\u0165 a mera\u0165 vplyvy svojho SECAPu a v priebehu \u010dasu ho prisp\u00f4sobova\u0165. Transparentn\u00e9 pl\u00e1novanie a komunik\u00e1cia v\u00fdsledkov zvy\u0161uje d\u00f4veryhodnos\u0165 a zapojenie v\u0161etk\u00fdch zainteresovan\u00fdch str\u00e1n.<\/p>\n<p><strong>R\u00e1mec pre inventariz\u00e1ciu emisi\u00ed CoM<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>R\u00e1mec CoM sa riadi hlavn\u00fdmi princ\u00edpmi kvality, konzistentnosti, transparentnosti a porovnate\u013enosti \u00fadajov, pri\u010dom zabezpe\u010duje flexibilitu pre splnenie miestnych a region\u00e1lnych potrieb. D\u00f4raz sa kladie na princ\u00edp \u201eenergia je na prvom mieste\u201c, ktor\u00fd uprednost\u0148uje zni\u017eovanie dopytu po energii, v s\u00falade so smernicou o energetickej \u00fa\u010dinnosti. Ciele CoM pre zni\u017eovanie emisi\u00ed GHG s\u00fa v s\u00falade so z\u00e1v\u00e4zkami E\u00da, a to <strong>55 % zn\u00ed\u017eenie emisi\u00ed do roku 2030 a klimatick\u00e1 neutralita do roku 2050<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>K\u013e\u00fa\u010dov\u00e9 koncepty:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Emisn\u00e1 invent\u00fara:<\/strong> Kvantifikuje ro\u010dn\u00e9 emisie GHG spojen\u00e9 s miestnym \u00fazem\u00edm pre referen\u010dn\u00fd rok pod\u013ea sektorov \u010dinnost\u00ed.<\/li>\n<li><strong>D\u00e1tov\u00e9 aktivity:<\/strong> Kvantifikuj\u00fa \u013eudsk\u00e9 \u010dinnosti na miestnom \u00fazem\u00ed (napr. spotreba energie v MWh, mno\u017estvo odpadu v ton\u00e1ch).<\/li>\n<li><strong>Emisn\u00fd faktor (EF):<\/strong> Vyjadruje emisie GHG na jednotku aktivity (napr. emisie GHG na MWh spotrebovanej energie).<\/li>\n<li><strong>Z\u00e1kladn\u00fd rok (Baseline Year):<\/strong> Rok, ku ktor\u00e9mu sa porovn\u00e1va cie\u013e zn\u00ed\u017eenia emisi\u00ed. Mus\u00ed by\u0165 od roku 1990 alebo nesk\u00f4r, pri\u010dom be\u017ene sa pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa roky 2005 a 2010.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Z\u00e1kladn\u00e1 emisn\u00e1 invent\u00fara (BEI):<\/strong> Kvantifikuje emisie GHG pre z\u00e1kladn\u00fd rok a je v\u00fdchodiskov\u00fdm bodom pre SECAP.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Monitorovacia emisn\u00e1 invent\u00fara (MEI):<\/strong> Zostavuje sa pravidelne na monitorovanie pokroku smerom k cie\u013eom zni\u017eovania emisi\u00ed.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Rozsah, hranice a sektory aktiv\u00edt<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Invent\u00fary CoM pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa <strong>teritori\u00e1lny pr\u00edstup<\/strong>, \u010do znamen\u00e1, \u017ee sa zaznamen\u00e1vaj\u00fa emisie z aktiv\u00edt prebiehaj\u00facich v r\u00e1mci geografick\u00fdch hran\u00edc obce. Zah\u0155\u0148aj\u00fa <strong>priame emisie<\/strong> (Scope 1) z miestnej spotreby energie a neenergetick\u00fdch \u010dinnost\u00ed (napr. spa\u013eovanie pal\u00edv) a <strong>nepriame emisie<\/strong> (Scope 2) s\u00favisiace s lok\u00e1lnou spotrebou energie dod\u00e1vanej zo siete (elektrina, teplo, chlad).<\/p>\n<p><strong>K\u013e\u00fa\u010dov\u00e9 sektory aktiv\u00edt, ktor\u00e9 sa maj\u00fa zahrn\u00fa\u0165:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Obecn\u00e9 budovy, zariadenia a vybavenie<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>Terci\u00e1rne (neobecn\u00e9) budovy, zariadenia a vybavenie<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>Obytn\u00e9 budovy<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a<\/strong> Odpor\u00fa\u010da sa tie\u017e zahrn\u00fa\u0165 <strong>odpadov\u00e9 hospod\u00e1rstvo a \u010distenie odpadov\u00fdch v\u00f4d<\/strong>. Sektory a \u010dinnosti pokryt\u00e9 sch\u00e9mou EU ETS (napr. ve\u013ek\u00fd priemysel, s v\u00fdnimkou \u0161pecifick\u00fdch pr\u00edpadov) by sa mali vyl\u00fa\u010di\u0165, zatia\u013e \u010do tie ned\u00e1vno pridan\u00e9 do ETS2 (budovy, cestn\u00e1 doprava, spa\u013eovanie komun\u00e1lneho odpadu) zostan\u00fa zahrnut\u00e9.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Metodick\u00e9 vo\u013eby<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Pri v\u00fdpo\u010dte emisi\u00ed GHG sa d\u00e1tov\u00e9 aktivity n\u00e1sobia emisn\u00fdmi faktormi. Samospr\u00e1vy si m\u00f4\u017eu vybra\u0165 z dvoch pr\u00edstupov:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Pr\u00edstup zalo\u017een\u00fd na aktivite (Activity-based approach):<\/strong> Zameriava sa na emisie GHG, ktor\u00e9 vznikaj\u00fa pri energetickej konverzii (napr. spa\u013eovanie paliva).<\/li>\n<li><strong>Pr\u00edstup zalo\u017een\u00fd na \u017eivotnom cykle (LC-based approach):<\/strong> Roz\u0161iruje rozsah o emisie GHG spojen\u00e9 s dod\u00e1vate\u013esk\u00fdm re\u0165azcom energie.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Sklen\u00edkov\u00e9 plyny:<\/strong> Odpor\u00fa\u010da sa zahrn\u00fa\u0165 tri referen\u010dn\u00e9 GHG: <strong>CO2, CH4 a N2O<\/strong>, ktor\u00e9 sa potom prepo\u010d\u00edtaj\u00fa na ekvivalenty oxidu uhli\u010dit\u00e9ho (CO2-eq) pomocou hodn\u00f4t potenci\u00e1lu glob\u00e1lneho otep\u013eovania (GWP) IPCC.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Emisn\u00e9 faktory (EF):<\/strong> Samospr\u00e1vy m\u00f4\u017eu pou\u017e\u00edva\u0165 bu\u010f predvolen\u00e9 EF (napr. poskytovan\u00e9 JRC) alebo si vyvin\u00fa\u0165 vlastn\u00e9, kontextovo \u0161pecifick\u00e9 EF, ak s\u00fa spo\u013eahliv\u00e9 a transparentne zdokumentovan\u00e9.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Zber \u00fadajov a dokument\u00e1cia<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Zber \u00fadajov je neoddelite\u013enou s\u00fa\u010das\u0165ou pr\u00edpravy invent\u00fary GHG. \u00dadaje o kone\u010dnej spotrebe energie sa typicky vyjadruj\u00fa v megawatt hodin\u00e1ch (MWh) a disagreguj\u00fa sa pod\u013ea sektora \u010dinnosti a zdroja energie\/nosi\u010da (napr. elektrina, fos\u00edlne paliv\u00e1, biopaliv\u00e1, teplo\/chlad). Pre neenergetick\u00e9 sektory, ako je odpadov\u00e9 hospod\u00e1rstvo, sa pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa jednotky hmotnosti alebo objemu (napr. tony odpadu). \u00dadaje mo\u017eno z\u00edskava\u0165 z n\u00e1rodn\u00fdch\/region\u00e1lnych \u0161tatist\u00edk, od trhov\u00fdch oper\u00e1torov alebo prostredn\u00edctvom prieskumov.<\/p>\n<p><strong>V\u0161etky zozbieran\u00e9 \u00fadaje, v\u00fdpo\u010dty a predpoklady musia by\u0165 podrobne zdokumentovan\u00e9 v SECAPe<\/strong>, aby sa zabezpe\u010dila transparentnos\u0165 a konzistentnos\u0165. T\u00e1to dokument\u00e1cia by mala obsahova\u0165 inform\u00e1cie o geografick\u00fdch hraniciach, z\u00e1kladnom a referen\u010dnom roku, cieli zni\u017eovania emisi\u00ed, popul\u00e1cii, zvolenom pr\u00edstupe, zahrnut\u00fdch GHG, jednotk\u00e1ch, sektoroch \u010dinnost\u00ed, lok\u00e1lnej v\u00fdrobe energie a pou\u017eit\u00fdch emisn\u00fdch faktoroch.<\/p>\n<p>Pr\u00edprava d\u00f4kladnej invent\u00fary emisi\u00ed sklen\u00edkov\u00fdch plynov v r\u00e1mci CoM je k\u013e\u00fa\u010dov\u00e1 pre efekt\u00edvne riadenie kl\u00edmy na miestnej \u00farovni. Poskytuje z\u00e1klad pre strategick\u00e9 pl\u00e1novanie, monitorovanie pokroku a transparentn\u00fa komunik\u00e1ciu, \u010d\u00edm podporuje obce v ich snahe o udr\u017eate\u013en\u00fa energetick\u00fa transform\u00e1ciu a dosahovanie cie\u013eov klimatickej neutrality. <em><strong>\u062c\u064a\u0647 \u0622\u0631 \u0622\u064a<\/strong><\/em><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f\u0651 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0631\u0624\u0633\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 - \u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0627 (CoM EU) \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 12000 \u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0639\u0645 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0641\u0639\u0651\u0627\u0644\u0629.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[34],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-37654","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-lca_esg_ghg_csddd_csrd_iso_flr"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.co2news.sk\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/37654","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.co2news.sk\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.co2news.sk\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.co2news.sk\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/7"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.co2news.sk\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=37654"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.co2news.sk\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/37654\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.co2news.sk\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=37654"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.co2news.sk\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=37654"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.co2news.sk\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=37654"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}