{"id":37462,"date":"2025-08-28T19:59:15","date_gmt":"2025-08-28T17:59:15","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.co2news.sk\/?p=37462"},"modified":"2025-08-28T20:00:39","modified_gmt":"2025-08-28T18:00:39","slug":"zivotny-cyklus-clt-a-jeho-environmentalny-dopad","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.co2news.sk\/ar\/2025\/08\/28\/zivotny-cyklus-clt-a-jeho-environmentalny-dopad\/","title":{"rendered":"\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0634\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0642\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0637\u0639 \u0648\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u062a\u0643\u062a\u0633\u0628 \u0647\u064a\u0627\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0634\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0642\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644\u0628 (CLT) \u0634\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0632\u0627\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0643\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0644\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0623\u062b\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0646\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062b\u0627\u062a \u063a\u0627\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0637\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629<\/strong> - \u0645\u0646 \u0165a\u017eby dreva, cez v\u00fdrobu, mont\u00e1\u017e a pou\u017e\u00edvanie, a\u017e po koniec \u017eivotnosti.<\/p>\n

F\u00e1zy \u017eivotn\u00e9ho cyklu a emisie:<\/strong><\/p>\n

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  1. \u0164a\u017eba a v\u00fdroba lamiel (A1\u2013A3):<\/strong> Emisie v tejto po\u010diato\u010dnej f\u00e1ze zah\u0155\u0148aj\u00fa \u0165a\u017ebu dreva, jeho spracovanie na lamely a samotn\u00fa v\u00fdrobu CLT panelov.\n
      \n
    • \u0164a\u017eba a spracovanie dreva<\/strong> spotrebuj\u00fa relat\u00edvne m\u00e1lo fos\u00edlnych pal\u00edv, napr\u00edklad \u0161t\u00fadia CORRIM uv\u00e1dza pre prekl\u00e1dku a spracovanie dreva pribli\u017ene 62 kg CO\u2082ekv\/m\u00b3 (19 kg z \u0165a\u017eby + 43 kg z v\u00fdroby dosiek). In\u00e9 zdroje uv\u00e1dzaj\u00fa pre \u0165a\u017ebu a \u0165a\u017ebu dosiek (A1-A2) n\u00edzke emisie v rozmedz\u00ed pribli\u017ene 19\u201332 kgCO\u2082\/m\u00b3.<\/li>\n
    • V\u00fdroba CLT panelov<\/strong> (lisovanie, su\u0161enie, lepenie) je v\u0161ak najv\u00fdznamnej\u0161ou f\u00e1zou<\/strong>, prispieva typicky \u010fal\u0161\u00edmi 96\u2013117 kg CO\u2082ekv\/m\u00b3. V tejto f\u00e1ze sa spotrebuje ve\u013ea energie (elektrina, plyn) a lepidiel. Samotn\u00e9 lepidlo (polyuret\u00e1n alebo MF \u017eivica) m\u00f4\u017ee tvori\u0165 a\u017e pribli\u017ene 30 % celkov\u00e9ho potenci\u00e1lu glob\u00e1lneho otep\u013eovania (GWP) v\u00fdroby<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

      \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0629 \u0623\u0646 region\u00e1lne a technologick\u00e9 rozdiely<\/strong> maj\u00fa obrovsk\u00fd vplyv na emisie. Napr\u00edklad, v\u00fdrobca v \u0160kandin\u00e1vii (s \u010distou energetickou sie\u0165ou) m\u00f4\u017ee uv\u00e1dza\u0165 len pribli\u017ene 34\u201360 kgCO\u2082\/m\u00b3 pre f\u00e1zy A1\u2013A3, zatia\u013e \u010do v Austr\u00e1lii (s energetickou sie\u0165ou z\u00e1vislou od uhlia) to m\u00f4\u017ee by\u0165 a\u017e pribli\u017ene 447 kgCO\u2082\/m\u00b3. Eur\u00f3pske podmienky, napr\u00edklad rak\u00faska v\u00fdroba Stora Enso, vykazuj\u00fa ni\u017e\u0161iu bilanciu A1\u2013A3, len 53,1 kgCO\u2082\/m\u00b3. Tieto rozdiely s\u00fa sp\u00f4soben\u00e9 najm\u00e4 \u010distotou elektrickej siete, mierou recykl\u00e1cie tepla v z\u00e1vode a pomerom energeticky n\u00e1ro\u010dnej \u017eivice<\/strong>.<\/li>\n

    • Doprava materi\u00e1lov (A4):<\/strong> Doprava materi\u00e1lov prid\u00e1va desiatky kg CO\u2082 na meter kubick\u00fd. Napr\u00edklad, preprava CLT z Eur\u00f3py do Ve\u013ekej Brit\u00e1nie m\u00f4\u017ee by\u0165 0,119\u20130,173 kgCO\u2082\/kg (pribli\u017ene 57\u201383 kg\/m\u00b3). V eur\u00f3pskom EPD sa uv\u00e1dza pribli\u017ene 25,9 kg CO\u2082\/m\u00b3 pre dopravu na stavbu. Emisie z\u00e1visia od vzdialenosti a sp\u00f4sobu dopravy: n\u00e1morn\u00e1 doprava je na 1000 km relat\u00edvne \u00fasporn\u00e1 (pribli\u017ene 0,08 kgCO\u2082\/t\u00b7km), zatia\u013e \u010do kami\u00f3nov\u00e1 cestn\u00e1 doprava je o nie\u010do vy\u0161\u0161ia (pribli\u017ene 0,075 kgCO\u2082\/t\u00b7km na 1000 km), a \u017eelezni\u010dn\u00e1 doprava m\u00e1 GWP medzi nimi (pribli\u017ene 0,077 kg\/t\u00b71000km).<\/li>\n
    • Mont\u00e1\u017e a in\u0161tal\u00e1cia (A5):<\/strong> T\u00e1to f\u00e1za prid\u00e1va len jednotky kg\/m\u00b3. V EPD Stora Enso to bolo napr\u00edklad 5,4 kg CO\u2082\/m\u00b3.<\/li>\n
    • Pou\u017e\u00edvanie a \u00fadr\u017eba (B):<\/strong> Po\u010das pou\u017e\u00edvania panely takmer nevy\u017eaduj\u00fa \u017eiadne energie ani \u00fadr\u017ebu<\/strong>. D\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e9 je, \u017ee v\u010faka svojej \u0161trukt\u00farovanej forme vs\u00e1dzaj\u00fa uhl\u00edk zo stromov<\/strong>, ktor\u00fd zost\u00e1va viazan\u00fd. 1 m\u00b3 CLT dok\u00e1\u017ee ulo\u017ei\u0165 pribli\u017ene 985 kg CO\u2082.<\/li>\n
    • Koniec \u017eivotnosti (C):<\/strong> Na konci \u017eivotnosti sa uhl\u00edk uvo\u013en\u00ed spa\u013eovan\u00edm alebo rozkladom. Ak sa CLT sp\u00e1li, pribli\u017ene 95 % ulo\u017een\u00e9ho uhl\u00edka (\u010do predstavuje pribli\u017ene 985 kgCO\u2082\/m\u00b3) sa uvo\u013en\u00ed ako CO\u2082. Z h\u013eadiska LCA sa v\u0161ak emisie zo spa\u013eovania dreva \u010dasto pova\u017euj\u00fa za klimaticky neutr\u00e1lne<\/strong> (pod\u013ea IPCC sa rie\u0161ia v sektore LULUCF, nie vo v\u00fdrobnej f\u00e1ze). Ove\u013ea v\u00fdhodnej\u0161\u00ed je recykla\u010dn\u00fd scen\u00e1r<\/strong>, pri\u010dom literat\u00fara odpor\u00fa\u010da najm\u00e4 op\u00e4tovn\u00e9 pou\u017eitie (reuse) a recykl\u00e1ciu pred spa\u013eovan\u00edm, s minimaliz\u00e1ciou skl\u00e1dkovania.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

      Porovnanie s bet\u00f3nom a oce\u013eou:<\/strong><\/p>\n

      V porovnan\u00ed s tradi\u010dn\u00fdmi materi\u00e1lmi vych\u00e1dza CLT z h\u013eadiska emisi\u00ed zna\u010dne lep\u0161ie<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

        \n
      • Pre 1 m\u00b3 be\u017en\u00e9ho bet\u00f3nu sa spravidla ud\u00e1va pribli\u017ene 100\u2013300 kg CO\u2082<\/strong> (v z\u00e1vislosti od obsahu cementu).<\/li>\n
      • Oce\u013e je extr\u00e9mne emisne n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00e1, s pribli\u017ene 1,1\u20132,5 kgCO\u2082\/kg ocele, \u010do pri hustote pribli\u017ene 7850 kg\/m\u00b3 znamen\u00e1 pribli\u017ene 8600\u201319600 kg CO\u2082\/m\u00b3<\/strong>.<\/li>\n
      • CLT m\u00e1 pri porovnate\u013enej pevnosti ve\u013emi n\u00edzku hmotnos\u0165 (400\u2013500 kg\/m\u00b3) a relat\u00edvne n\u00edzke produk\u010dn\u00e9 emisie (pribli\u017ene 0,25\u20130,5 kgCO\u2082\/kg). Navy\u0161e, CLT vyrovn\u00e1va \u010das\u0165 \u010fal\u0161\u00edch emisi\u00ed v\u010faka substit\u00facii<\/strong>: ka\u017ed\u00fd 1 m\u00b3 CLT nahr\u00e1dza pribli\u017ene 1 m\u00b3 bet\u00f3nu alebo oce\u013eov\u00fdch panelov. Meta-\u0161t\u00fadie ukazuj\u00fa, \u017ee drevostavby m\u00f4\u017eu ma\u0165 o 30\u201360 % ni\u017e\u0161iu uhl\u00edkov\u00fa stopu<\/strong> ne\u017e objekty z bet\u00f3nu\/ocele.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

        Emisn\u00e1 n\u00e1ro\u010dnos\u0165 v\u00fdroby CLT sa pohybuje r\u00e1dovo v desiatkach a\u017e stovk\u00e1ch kg CO\u2082ekv\/m\u00b3 (bez zapo\u010d\u00edtania biog\u00e9nneho uhl\u00edka). Pri detailnom LCA s pozorn\u00fdm v\u00fdberom surov\u00edn a \u010distej energie m\u00f4\u017ee by\u0165 bilancia A1\u2013A3 okolo 50\u2013150 kgCO\u2082\/m\u00b3. Ve\u013ek\u00fd rozdiel rob\u00ed doprava<\/strong> \u0648 odber drev\u00edn<\/strong> (druh a hustota). CLT je ove\u013ea v\u00fdhodnej\u0161ie \u010do do uhl\u00edkovej stopy v porovnan\u00ed so \u0161tandardn\u00fdmi materi\u00e1lmi, zvl\u00e1\u0161\u0165 ak sa zapo\u010d\u00edta mno\u017estvo ulo\u017een\u00e9ho biog\u00e9nneho uhl\u00edka. Je tie\u017e k\u013e\u00fa\u010dov\u00e9 zaobch\u00e1dza\u0165 s CLT na konci jeho \u017eivotnosti v s\u00falade s princ\u00edpmi obehov\u00e9ho hospod\u00e1rstva, kde op\u00e4tovn\u00e9 pou\u017eitie alebo recykl\u00e1cia v\u00fdrazne zn\u00ed\u017eia emisie<\/strong> viac ne\u017e konven\u010dn\u00e9 spa\u013eovanie \u010di skl\u00e1dkovanie. \u062c\u064a\u0647 \u0622\u0631 \u0622\u064a<\/strong><\/em><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

        Kon\u0161trukcie z kr\u00ed\u017eom lepen\u00e9ho dreva (CLT) si z\u00edskavaj\u00fa popularitu ako udr\u017eate\u013en\u00e1 alternat\u00edva k tradi\u010dn\u00fdm stavebn\u00fdm materi\u00e1lom. Na pos\u00fadenie ich skuto\u010dn\u00e9ho environment\u00e1lneho dopadu je k\u013e\u00fa\u010dov\u00e9 analyzova\u0165 emisie sklen\u00edkov\u00fdch plynov (GHG) po\u010das cel\u00e9ho \u017eivotn\u00e9ho cyklu \u2013 od<\/p>","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[34],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-37462","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-lca_esg_ghg_csddd_csrd_iso_flr"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.co2news.sk\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/37462","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.co2news.sk\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.co2news.sk\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.co2news.sk\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/7"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.co2news.sk\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=37462"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.co2news.sk\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/37462\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.co2news.sk\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=37462"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.co2news.sk\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=37462"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.co2news.sk\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=37462"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}