{"id":37156,"date":"2025-08-02T06:51:06","date_gmt":"2025-08-02T04:51:06","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.co2news.sk\/?p=37156"},"modified":"2025-08-02T06:51:55","modified_gmt":"2025-08-02T04:51:55","slug":"klimaticka-kriza-a-prava-prelomove-stanovisko-medziamerickeho-sudu-pre-ludske-prava","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.co2news.sk\/ar\/2025\/08\/02\/klimaticka-kriza-a-prava-prelomove-stanovisko-medziamerickeho-sudu-pre-ludske-prava\/","title":{"rendered":"Klimatick\u00e1 kr\u00edza a pr\u00e1va: Prelomov\u00e9 stanovisko Medziamerick\u00e9ho s\u00fadu pre \u013eudsk\u00e9 pr\u00e1va"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>V \u010dase, ke\u010f sa plan\u00e9ta pot\u00fdka s bezprecedentn\u00fdmi environment\u00e1lnymi v\u00fdzvami, z\u00edskavaj\u00fa pr\u00e1vne n\u00e1stroje na rie\u0161enie klimatickej kr\u00edzy \u010doraz v\u00e4\u010d\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdznam. V\u00fdznamn\u00fdm prelomom na glob\u00e1lnej \u00farovni je ned\u00e1vne<!--more--> <strong>Poradn\u00e9 stanovisko 32\/2025 (Opini\u00f3n Consultiva 32\/2025)<\/strong>, ktor\u00e9 vydal Medziamerick\u00fd s\u00fad pre \u013eudsk\u00e9 pr\u00e1va (La Corte Interamericana de Derechos Humanos) 3. j\u00fala 2025. Toto stanovisko je v\u00fdsledkom \u017eiadosti vl\u00e1d \u010cile a Kolumbie, ktor\u00e9 po\u017eiadali S\u00fad o objasnenie povinnost\u00ed \u0161t\u00e1tov v reakcii na klimatick\u00fa n\u00fadzov\u00fa situ\u00e1ciu v r\u00e1mci medzin\u00e1rodn\u00e9ho pr\u00e1va \u013eudsk\u00fdch pr\u00e1v. Hoci poch\u00e1dza z region\u00e1lneho s\u00fadu, jeho z\u00e1very maj\u00fa potenci\u00e1l formova\u0165 <strong>medzin\u00e1rodn\u00e9 pr\u00e1vo<\/strong> a pr\u00edstup k ochrane \u017eivotn\u00e9ho prostredia a \u013eudsk\u00fdch pr\u00e1v na celom svete.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Uznanie pr\u00e1va na zdrav\u00fa kl\u00edmu ako auton\u00f3mneho pr\u00e1va<\/strong> Jedn\u00fdm z najk\u013e\u00fa\u010dovej\u0161\u00edch aspektov stanoviska je <strong>uznanie \u201e\u013eudsk\u00e9ho pr\u00e1va na zdrav\u00fa kl\u00edmu\u201c ako auton\u00f3mneho pr\u00e1va<\/strong>. Toto pr\u00e1vo je odvoden\u00e9 od pr\u00e1va na zdrav\u00e9 \u017eivotn\u00e9 prostredie, ale umo\u017e\u0148uje vymedzi\u0165 \u0161t\u00e1tne povinnosti, ktor\u00fdch plnenie m\u00f4\u017ee by\u0165 vy\u017eadovan\u00e9 nez\u00e1visle od in\u00fdch environment\u00e1lnych z\u00e1v\u00e4zkov. S\u00fad \u010falej spres\u0148uje, \u017ee <strong>\u201ezdrav\u00e1 kl\u00edma\u201c je tak\u00e1, ktor\u00e1 vypl\u00fdva z klimatick\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu bez nebezpe\u010dn\u00fdch antropog\u00e9nnych z\u00e1sahov pre \u013eud\u00ed a pre pr\u00edrodu<\/strong>. Toto uznanie povy\u0161uje klimatick\u00fa kr\u00edzu na <strong>z\u00e1kladn\u00fa ot\u00e1zku \u013eudsk\u00fdch pr\u00e1v<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Posilnen\u00e9 povinnosti \u0161t\u00e1tov v reakcii na klimatick\u00fa n\u00fadzov\u00fa situ\u00e1ciu<\/strong> Stanovisko jasne stanovuje posilnen\u00e9 povinnosti \u0161t\u00e1tov v r\u00e1mci klimatickej n\u00fadzovej situ\u00e1cie. Medzi ne patria:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Predch\u00e1dzanie a zmier\u0148ovanie environment\u00e1lnych a klimatick\u00fdch \u0161k\u00f4d<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Prisp\u00f4sobovanie polit\u00edk a noriem<\/strong> tak, aby reagovali na zmeny kl\u00edmy.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Zabezpe\u010denie komplexnej n\u00e1pravy<\/strong>, ak d\u00f4jde k poru\u0161eniu pr\u00e1v z klimatick\u00fdch pr\u00ed\u010din.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Zdr\u017eanie sa prij\u00edmania regres\u00edvnych polit\u00edk<\/strong>, ktor\u00e9 by mohli situ\u00e1ciu zhor\u0161i\u0165.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Klimatick\u00e1 spravodlivos\u0165 a rovnocennos\u0165<\/strong> D\u00f4le\u017eit\u00fdm bodom je aj princ\u00edp <strong>spolo\u010dn\u00fdch, av\u0161ak diferencovan\u00fdch zodpovednost\u00ed<\/strong>. S\u00fad uzn\u00e1va, \u017ee krajiny s v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ou zodpovednos\u0165ou za klimatick\u00fa zmenu by mali kona\u0165 vo v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ej miere ne\u017e krajiny s men\u0161\u00edm vplyvom na klimatick\u00fa kr\u00edzu. Taktie\u017e sa zd\u00f4raz\u0148uje <strong>potreba chr\u00e1ni\u0165 zranite\u013en\u00e9 skupiny<\/strong>, ktor\u00e9 s\u00fa \u010dasto najviac postihnut\u00e9 d\u00f4sledkami zmeny kl\u00edmy.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00da\u010das\u0165, pr\u00edstup k spravodlivosti a transparentnos\u0165<\/strong> Pre efekt\u00edvnu ochranu pr\u00e1v s\u00fa nevyhnutn\u00e9 aj z\u00e1v\u00e4zky \u0161t\u00e1tov t\u00fdkaj\u00face sa pr\u00edstupu k inform\u00e1ci\u00e1m a \u00fa\u010dasti verejnosti. \u0160t\u00e1ty s\u00fa povinn\u00e9:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Zaru\u010di\u0165 \u00fa\u010dinn\u00fa \u00fa\u010das\u0165 obyvate\u013estva na environment\u00e1lnych a klimatick\u00fdch rozhodnutiach<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Poskytova\u0165 jasn\u00e9 a pr\u00edstupn\u00e9 environment\u00e1lne inform\u00e1cie<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Nebr\u00e1ni\u0165 pr\u00edstupu k pravdiv\u00fdm a \u00fapln\u00fdm inform\u00e1ci\u00e1m<\/strong>, ktor\u00e9 s\u00fa nevyhnutn\u00e9 pre obyvate\u013estvo, aby sa mohlo vyrovna\u0165 s rizikami vypl\u00fdvaj\u00facimi z klimatickej n\u00fadzovej situ\u00e1cie.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Uznanie pr\u00edrody a jej zlo\u017eiek ako subjektov pr\u00e1v<\/strong> S\u00fad objas\u0148uje, \u017ee toto <strong>uznanie predstavuje normat\u00edvny v\u00fdvoj, ktor\u00fd posil\u0148uje ochranu integrity a funk\u010dnosti ekosyst\u00e9mov<\/strong>. Poskytuje \u00fa\u010dinn\u00e9 pr\u00e1vne n\u00e1stroje v boji proti klimatickej kr\u00edze a u\u013eah\u010duje predch\u00e1dzanie \u0161kod\u00e1m predt\u00fdm, ako dosiahnu nezvratn\u00fd charakter. Okrem toho sa stanovuje <strong>imperat\u00edvny z\u00e1kaz antropog\u00e9nnych konan\u00ed, ktor\u00e9 by mohli nezvratne ovplyvni\u0165 \u017eivotne d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00fa rovnov\u00e1hu spolo\u010dn\u00e9ho ekosyst\u00e9mu<\/strong>, ktor\u00fd umo\u017e\u0148uje \u017eivot druhov \u2013 ide o <strong>normu <em>jus cogens<\/em><\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Zni\u017eovanie emisi\u00ed sklen\u00edkov\u00fdch plynov (GEI)<\/strong> \u0160t\u00e1ty s\u00fa explicitne povinn\u00e9 chr\u00e1ni\u0165 glob\u00e1lny klimatick\u00fd syst\u00e9m a predch\u00e1dza\u0165 poru\u0161ovaniu \u013eudsk\u00fdch pr\u00e1v vypl\u00fdvaj\u00facemu z jeho naru\u0161enia, \u010do si vy\u017eaduje <strong>zmier\u0148ovanie emisi\u00ed sklen\u00edkov\u00fdch plynov<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>Hoci poradn\u00e9 stanovisk\u00e1 S\u00fadu nie s\u00fa samy osebe priamo z\u00e1v\u00e4zn\u00e9 pre n\u00e1rodn\u00fdch sudcov (napr. v Mexiku), m\u00f4\u017eu by\u0165 za\u010dlenen\u00e9 do vn\u00fatro\u0161t\u00e1tneho pr\u00e1va prostredn\u00edctvom medzin\u00e1rodn\u00e9ho pou\u017eitia S\u00fadom v sporn\u00fdch pr\u00edpadoch alebo vn\u00fatro\u0161t\u00e1tne, ak ich Najvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed s\u00fad spravodlivosti n\u00e1roda za\u010dlen\u00ed do svojich z\u00e1v\u00e4zn\u00fdch precedensov. Okrem toho maj\u00fa tieto stanovisk\u00e1 <strong>interpreta\u010dn\u00fa autoritu<\/strong>, ktor\u00e1 ovplyv\u0148uje ch\u00e1panie pr\u00e1v a rozsah z\u00e1v\u00e4zkov prijat\u00fdch na medzin\u00e1rodnej \u00farovni, a preto m\u00f4\u017eu by\u0165 zoh\u013eadnen\u00e9 pri vyd\u00e1van\u00ed s\u00fadnych rozhodnut\u00ed. To predstavuje v\u00fdznamn\u00fd <strong>krok vpred v glob\u00e1lnej ochrane \u017eivotn\u00e9ho prostredia<\/strong> a \u013eudsk\u00fdch pr\u00e1v v kontexte klimatickej kr\u00edzy. <em><strong>\u062c\u064a\u0647 \u0622\u0631 \u0622\u064a<\/strong><\/em><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>V \u010dase, ke\u010f sa plan\u00e9ta pot\u00fdka s bezprecedentn\u00fdmi environment\u00e1lnymi v\u00fdzvami, z\u00edskavaj\u00fa pr\u00e1vne n\u00e1stroje na rie\u0161enie klimatickej kr\u00edzy \u010doraz v\u00e4\u010d\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdznam. V\u00fdznamn\u00fdm prelomom na glob\u00e1lnej \u00farovni je ned\u00e1vne<\/p>","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[4],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-37156","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-klimaticka-zmena"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.co2news.sk\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/37156","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.co2news.sk\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.co2news.sk\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.co2news.sk\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/7"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.co2news.sk\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=37156"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.co2news.sk\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/37156\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.co2news.sk\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=37156"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.co2news.sk\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=37156"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.co2news.sk\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=37156"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}