{"id":37133,"date":"2025-07-31T16:43:24","date_gmt":"2025-07-31T14:43:24","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.co2news.sk\/?p=37133"},"modified":"2025-07-31T16:43:59","modified_gmt":"2025-07-31T14:43:59","slug":"nesulad-medzi-diverzitou-nadzemnych-rastlin-a-biodiverzitou-podzemnych-hub-na-zemi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.co2news.sk\/ar\/2025\/07\/31\/nesulad-medzi-diverzitou-nadzemnych-rastlin-a-biodiverzitou-podzemnych-hub-na-zemi\/","title":{"rendered":"Nes\u00falad medzi diverzitou nadzemn\u00fdch rastl\u00edn a biodiverzitou podzemn\u00fdch h\u00fab na Zemi"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Ochrana biodiverzity je k\u013e\u00fa\u010dov\u00e1 pre udr\u017eanie zdravia a odolnosti ekosyst\u00e9mov v \u010dase glob\u00e1lnych zmien. Hoci organizmy v p\u00f4de tvoria najrozmanitej\u0161ie spolo\u010denstvo na s\u00fa\u0161i a s\u00fa hnacou silou takmer v\u0161etk\u00fdch<!--more--> ekosyst\u00e9mov\u00fdch procesov, s\u00fa len zriedka zoh\u013ead\u0148ovan\u00e9 v pl\u00e1noch ochrany pr\u00edrody. Nov\u00e1 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41467-025-60106-8\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">\u064a\u0630\u0627\u0643\u0631<\/span><\/a> vrh\u00e1 svetlo na kritick\u00fd rozdiel medzi nadzemnou a podzemnou biodiverzitou, konkr\u00e9tne medzi cievnat\u00fdmi rastlinami a mykor\u00edznymi hubami, \u010do m\u00e1 z\u00e1sadn\u00e9 d\u00f4sledky pre strat\u00e9gie ochrany pr\u00edrody.<\/p>\n<p>Mykor\u00edzne symbi\u00f3zy s\u00fa mimoriadne d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e9, preto\u017ee sa vyskytuj\u00fa u viac ako 90 % druhov cievnat\u00fdch rastl\u00edn a maj\u00fa zna\u010dn\u00fd vplyv na produktivitu a funkciu ekosyst\u00e9mov. Doteraz v\u0161ak nebol k dispoz\u00edcii komplexn\u00fd glob\u00e1lny preh\u013ead o vz\u0165ahoch medzi diverzitou rastl\u00edn a h\u00fab a o tom, ako sa l\u00ed\u0161ia v r\u00f4znych mierkach.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Korela\u010dn\u00e9 Vz\u0165ahy naprie\u010d Mierkami<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>V\u00fdskumn\u00edci sk\u00famali silu a smer vz\u0165ahov medzi diverzitou rastl\u00edn a arbuskul\u00e1rnych mykor\u00edznych (AM) h\u00fab, ako aj ektomykor\u00edznych (ECM) h\u00fab, naprie\u010d r\u00f4znymi priestorov\u00fdmi mierkami \u2013 glob\u00e1lnou, bi\u00f3movou a ekoregion\u00e1lnou. Zistili, \u017ee korel\u00e1cie medzi diverzitou rastl\u00edn a h\u00fab s\u00fa na glob\u00e1lnej \u00farovni slab\u00e9. Pre AM huby bola glob\u00e1lna korel\u00e1cia r = 0,4 a pre ECM huby bola e\u0161te slab\u0161ia, r = 0,04.<\/p>\n<p>Situ\u00e1cia sa v\u0161ak men\u00ed pri men\u0161\u00edch priestorov\u00fdch mierkach:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Region\u00e1lne korel\u00e1cie s\u00fa silnej\u0161ie a m\u00f4\u017eu by\u0165 pozit\u00edvne aj negat\u00edvne<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<li>Korel\u00e1cie medzi rastlinami a AM hubami s\u00fa vo v\u0161eobecnosti <strong>negat\u00edvne v lesn\u00fdch bi\u00f3moch<\/strong> (ako s\u00fa tropick\u00e9 vlhk\u00e9 lesy a mierne listnat\u00e9 lesy) a <strong>pozit\u00edvne v tr\u00e1vnat\u00fdch bi\u00f3moch<\/strong> (ako s\u00fa tropick\u00e9 tr\u00e1vnat\u00e9 plochy, mierne tr\u00e1vnat\u00e9 plochy, horsk\u00e9 tr\u00e1vnat\u00e9 plochy, bore\u00e1lne lesy, tundra a p\u00fa\u0161te).<\/li>\n<li>Korel\u00e1cie medzi rastlinami a ECM hubami s\u00fa v\u00e4\u010d\u0161inou <strong>pozit\u00edvne alebo neutr\u00e1lne<\/strong>, pri\u010dom s\u00fa v\u00fdznamne pozit\u00edvne vo v\u0161etk\u00fdch bi\u00f3moch okrem tropick\u00fdch ihli\u010dnat\u00fdch lesov.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Tieto zistenia nazna\u010duj\u00fa, \u017ee rastlinn\u00e1 diverzita m\u00f4\u017ee by\u0165 primeran\u00fdm ukazovate\u013eom diverzity mykor\u00edznych h\u00fab len v \u0161pecifick\u00fdch situ\u00e1ci\u00e1ch a lokalit\u00e1ch.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Vodiace Mechanizmy Korel\u00e1cie Diverzity<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u0160t\u00fadia sk\u00famala tri hlavn\u00e9 hypot\u00e9zy o tom, \u010do ovplyv\u0148uje korela\u010dn\u00e9 vzory diverzity:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>Vplyvy symbi\u00f3zy<\/strong>: Predpoklad\u00e1 sa, \u017ee vz\u00e1jomn\u00e9 vz\u0165ahy m\u00f4\u017eu vies\u0165 k \u201espojeniu\u201c diverzity, kde n\u00e1rast diverzity jednej skupiny priamo vedie k n\u00e1rastu diverzity druhej. \u0160t\u00fadia zistila, \u017ee <strong>vz\u0165ahy medzi AM hubami a rastlinami boli silnej\u0161ie a pozit\u00edvnej\u0161ie<\/strong> ako medzi ECM hubami a rastlinami. Je to pravdepodobne preto, \u017ee v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ina cievnat\u00fdch rastl\u00edn (72 %) je hostite\u013eom AM h\u00fab, zatia\u013e \u010do len 2 % s\u00fa hostite\u013emi ECM h\u00fab. Napriek tomu sa nepotvrdila hypot\u00e9za, \u017ee vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdskyt hostite\u013esk\u00fdch rastl\u00edn povedie k silnej\u0161iemu spojeniu diverzity.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Environment\u00e1lne vplyvy<\/strong>: Ak rastliny a mikroorganizmy reaguj\u00fa odli\u0161ne na prostredie, m\u00f4\u017eu vznika\u0165 negat\u00edvne korel\u00e1cie. Zistilo sa, \u017ee korel\u00e1cie boli \u010dastej\u0161ie pozit\u00edvne, ke\u010f rastlinn\u00e1 a hubov\u00e1 diverzita reagovali na teplotu rovnak\u00fdm smerom, a negat\u00edvne, ke\u010f reagovali odli\u0161ne. Napr\u00edklad v tropick\u00fdch vlhk\u00fdch lesoch a miernych listnat\u00fdch lesoch bola diverzita AM h\u00fab pozit\u00edvne viazan\u00e1 na pH p\u00f4dy (vy\u0161\u0161ia diverzita v z\u00e1saditej\u0161\u00edch p\u00f4dach), zatia\u013e \u010do diverzita rastl\u00edn bola negat\u00edvne viazan\u00e1, \u010do mohlo vies\u0165 k negat\u00edvnym korel\u00e1ci\u00e1m.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Dedi\u010dn\u00e9 efekty (Legacy effects)<\/strong>: Dlhodob\u00e9 evolu\u010dn\u00e9 vzory alebo ned\u00e1vne naru\u0161enia m\u00f4\u017eu ovplyvni\u0165 vz\u0165ahy diverzity. \u0160t\u00fadia potvrdila, \u017ee <strong>korel\u00e1cie medzi rastlinami a AM hubami boli pozit\u00edvnej\u0161ie v regi\u00f3noch s historicky stabilnej\u0161\u00edm podneb\u00edm<\/strong>. Nepreuk\u00e1zal sa v\u0161ak v\u00fdznamn\u00fd vz\u0165ah medzi korel\u00e1ciami a \u013eudskou \u010dinnos\u0165ou.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><strong>Prekryv Hor\u00facich Miest Diverzity<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Jedn\u00fdm z k\u013e\u00fa\u010dov\u00fdch zisten\u00ed \u0161t\u00fadie je <strong>v\u00fdrazn\u00fd nes\u00falad v umiestnen\u00ed hor\u00facich miest diverzity rastl\u00edn a h\u00fab<\/strong>. Hor\u00face miesta s\u00fa definovan\u00e9 ako oblasti s hodnotami diverzity v hornom 95. percentile.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Iba <strong>8,8 % hor\u00facich miest AM h\u00fab<\/strong> \u0648 <strong>1,5 % hor\u00facich miest ECM h\u00fab<\/strong> sa prekr\u00fdva s hor\u00facimi miestami rastl\u00edn.<\/li>\n<li>Glob\u00e1lne hor\u00face miesta diverzity rastl\u00edn s\u00fa s\u00fastreden\u00e9 v tropick\u00fdch a subtropick\u00fdch lesoch Strednej a Ju\u017enej Ameriky, strednej Afriky, Madagaskaru a juhov\u00fdchodnej \u00c1zie.<\/li>\n<li>Hor\u00face miesta AM h\u00fab s\u00fa tie\u017e preva\u017ene v tropick\u00fdch regi\u00f3noch, ako s\u00fa Braz\u00edlske Cerrado, Guinejsk\u00e9 lesy z\u00e1padnej Afriky a juhov\u00fdchodn\u00e1 \u00c1zia.<\/li>\n<li>Hlavn\u00e9 hor\u00face miesta ECM h\u00fab s\u00fa v\u0161ak rozlo\u017een\u00e9 preva\u017ene v miernych a bore\u00e1lnych lesoch v Kanade, severoz\u00e1padnej USA, strednej Eur\u00f3pe, Rusku a v\u00fdchodnej \u00c1zii.<\/li>\n<li>Hlavn\u00e9 oblasti prekr\u00fdvania hor\u00facich miest sa vyskytli v Strednej Amerike a juhov\u00fdchodnej \u00c1zii pre oba typy h\u00fab.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>D\u00f4sledky pre Ochranu Pr\u00edrody<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Obmedzen\u00fd rozsah prekr\u00fdvania hor\u00facich miest diverzity rastl\u00edn a h\u00fab jasne nazna\u010duje, \u017ee <strong>hor\u00face miesta rastl\u00edn s\u00fa vo v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ine situ\u00e1ci\u00ed neadekv\u00e1tnymi ukazovate\u013emi pre hor\u00face miesta mykor\u00edznych h\u00fab<\/strong>. Zameranie ochrann\u00fdch rozhodnut\u00ed v\u00fdlu\u010dne na nadzemn\u00e9 rastlinn\u00e9 spolo\u010denstv\u00e1 m\u00f4\u017ee prehliadnu\u0165 najrozmanitej\u0161ie oblasti mykor\u00edznych h\u00fab, ktor\u00e9 s\u00fa pritom kritick\u00e9 pre fungovanie ekosyst\u00e9mov.<\/p>\n<p>To silne podporuje ned\u00e1vne v\u00fdzvy na to, aby tvorcovia polit\u00edk lep\u0161ie za\u010dlenili huby a in\u00e9 mikroorganizmy pri navrhovan\u00ed strat\u00e9gi\u00ed ochrany a mana\u017ementu. Vzh\u013eadom na to, \u017ee vz\u0165ahy medzi diverzitou rastl\u00edn a h\u00fab s\u00fa vysoko kontextovo z\u00e1visl\u00e9 a ovplyvnen\u00e9 radom interakt\u00edvnych ekologick\u00fdch mechanizmov, <strong>\u00fa\u010dinn\u00e1 ochrana podzemnej biodiverzity si pravdepodobne vy\u017eiada \u0161pecifick\u00e9 mana\u017e\u00e9rske \u00favahy<\/strong>. Bud\u00faca pr\u00e1ca by sa mala zamera\u0165 na sk\u00famanie vz\u0165ahov medzi in\u00fdmi typmi opatren\u00ed diverzity rastl\u00edn a h\u00fab, ako s\u00fa beta diverzita, gama diverzita, fylogenetick\u00e1 diverzita, vz\u00e1cnos\u0165 a endemicita, aby sa z\u00edskal komplexnej\u0161\u00ed obraz o prepojeniach medzi nadzemnou a podzemnou biodiverzitou. <em><strong>\u062c\u064a\u0647 \u0622\u0631 \u0622\u064a<\/strong><\/em><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Ochrana biodiverzity je k\u013e\u00fa\u010dov\u00e1 pre udr\u017eanie zdravia a odolnosti ekosyst\u00e9mov v \u010dase glob\u00e1lnych zmien. Hoci organizmy v p\u00f4de tvoria najrozmanitej\u0161ie spolo\u010denstvo na s\u00fa\u0161i a s\u00fa hnacou silou takmer v\u0161etk\u00fdch<\/p>","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[43],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-37133","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-biodiverzita"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.co2news.sk\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/37133","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.co2news.sk\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.co2news.sk\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.co2news.sk\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/7"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.co2news.sk\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=37133"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.co2news.sk\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/37133\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.co2news.sk\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=37133"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.co2news.sk\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=37133"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.co2news.sk\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=37133"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}