{"id":37114,"date":"2025-07-30T19:55:30","date_gmt":"2025-07-30T17:55:30","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.co2news.sk\/?p=37114"},"modified":"2025-07-30T19:56:34","modified_gmt":"2025-07-30T17:56:34","slug":"klesajuca-schopnost-europskych-lesov-pohlcovat-uhlik-vyzva-a-riesenia","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.co2news.sk\/ar\/2025\/07\/30\/klesajuca-schopnost-europskych-lesov-pohlcovat-uhlik-vyzva-a-riesenia\/","title":{"rendered":"Klesaj\u00faca schopnos\u0165 eur\u00f3pskych lesov pohlcova\u0165 uhl\u00edk: V\u00fdzva a rie\u0161enia"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Lesy pokr\u00fdvaj\u00fa pribli\u017ene 40 % \u00fazemia Eur\u00f3pskej \u00fanie (E\u00da) a v obdob\u00ed rokov 1990 a\u017e 2022 pohltili asi 10 % emisi\u00ed E\u00da poch\u00e1dzaj\u00facich z \u013eudskej \u010dinnosti. Tento proces odstra\u0148ovania uhl\u00edka z atmosf\u00e9ry sa be\u017ene ozna\u010duje ako<!--more--> <strong>uhl\u00edkov\u00fd pohlcova\u010d<\/strong>. Je v\u0161ak znepokojuj\u00face, \u017ee s\u00fa\u010dasn\u00e9 d\u00f4kazy nazna\u010duj\u00fa oslabovanie tohto uhl\u00edkov\u00e9ho pohlcova\u010da, \u010do znamen\u00e1, \u017ee eur\u00f3pske lesy absorbuj\u00fa menej oxidu uhli\u010dit\u00e9ho z atmosf\u00e9ry.<\/p>\n<p>V\u00fdznamn\u00fd \u010dl\u00e1nok publikovan\u00fd v \u010dasopise Nature, veden\u00fd Spolo\u010dn\u00fdm v\u00fdskumn\u00fdm centrom (JRC), podrobne opisuje pokles uhl\u00edkov\u00e9ho pohlcova\u010da v lesoch a jeho pr\u00ed\u010diny. Pod\u013ea invent\u00fary sklen\u00edkov\u00fdch plynov E\u00da, ktor\u00fa v roku 2024 zverejnila Eur\u00f3pska environment\u00e1lna agent\u00fara (EEA), sa <strong>priemern\u00fd uhl\u00edkov\u00fd pohlcova\u010d lesov medzi rokmi 2020 a 2022 zn\u00ed\u017eil pribli\u017ene o 27 %<\/strong> v porovnan\u00ed s priemern\u00fdm pohlcova\u010dom v rokoch 2010 \u2013 2014. Nov\u00e1 invent\u00fara E\u00da z roku 2025 nazna\u010duje e\u0161te v\u00fdraznej\u0161\u00ed pokles v tomto obdob\u00ed. Pre ilustr\u00e1ciu, priemern\u00fd uhl\u00edkov\u00fd pohlcova\u010d lesov klesol z -456,9 MtCO2eq\/rok v obdob\u00ed 2010 \u2013 2014 na -374,9 MtCO2eq\/rok v rokoch 2015 \u2013 2019 a \u010falej na -332,6 MtCO2eq\/rok v obdob\u00ed 2020 \u2013 2022.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Pr\u00ed\u010diny klesaj\u00facej absorpcie uhl\u00edka s\u00fa rozmanit\u00e9<\/strong>. Jedn\u00fdm z faktorov je <strong>zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00e1 \u0165a\u017eba dreva<\/strong>. Okrem toho, <strong>zmena kl\u00edmy sp\u00f4sobuje \u010dastej\u0161ie vlny hor\u00fa\u010dav a such\u00e1<\/strong>, \u010do zni\u017euje rast stromov. Klimatick\u00e9 zmeny tie\u017e maj\u00fa tendenciu zvy\u0161ova\u0165 v\u00fdskyt ru\u0161iv\u00fdch udalost\u00ed, ako s\u00fa <strong>hmyzie kalamity, lesn\u00e9 po\u017eiare a \u00famrtnos\u0165 stromov<\/strong>, ktor\u00e9 sa v niektor\u00fdch oblastiach stali \u010dastej\u0161\u00edmi a z\u00e1va\u017enej\u0161\u00edmi.<\/p>\n<p>V\u00fdskum JRC sk\u00fama pr\u00ed\u010diny poklesu uhl\u00edkov\u00e9ho pohlcova\u010da a h\u013ead\u00e1 naj\u00fa\u010dinnej\u0161ie sp\u00f4soby, ako zn\u00ed\u017ei\u0165 ich dopad. Hoci zni\u017eovanie emisi\u00ed sklen\u00edkov\u00fdch plynov zost\u00e1va najd\u00f4le\u017eitej\u0161ou strat\u00e9giou na zmiernenie \u00fa\u010dinkov zmeny kl\u00edmy, je tie\u017e k\u013e\u00fa\u010dov\u00e9 <strong>upravi\u0165 re\u017eimy \u0165a\u017eby dreva a prehodnoti\u0165 sp\u00f4sob obhospodarovania lesov<\/strong>, aby sa stali odolnej\u0161\u00edmi vo\u010di zmene kl\u00edmy a extr\u00e9mnym prejavom po\u010dasia. Pre v\u00fdvoj \u00fa\u010dinn\u00fdch polit\u00edk a praktick\u00fdch opatren\u00ed je nevyhnutn\u00e9 ma\u0165 k dispoz\u00edcii <strong>lep\u0161ie a v\u010dasnej\u0161ie \u00fadaje o z\u00e1sob\u00e1ch uhl\u00edka a zdrav\u00ed lesov<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>\u0160t\u00fadia tie\u017e identifikovala nieko\u013eko <strong>medzier v poznatkoch<\/strong> t\u00fdkaj\u00facich sa monitorovania a modelovania eur\u00f3pskych lesov. Dve priority s\u00fa obzvl\u00e1\u0161\u0165 d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e9: po prv\u00e9, naliehav\u00e1 potreba <strong>presnej\u0161ie a v\u010dasnej\u0161ie mera\u0165 toky uhl\u00edka<\/strong> sledovan\u00edm jeho pohybu medzi p\u00f4dou, veget\u00e1ciou a atmosf\u00e9rou. Po druh\u00e9, <strong>spresni\u0165 predpovede<\/strong>, ako extr\u00e9mne poveternostn\u00e9 udalosti a najhor\u0161ie scen\u00e1re ovplyvnia uhl\u00edkov\u00fd pohlcova\u010d. Rie\u0161enie t\u00fdchto probl\u00e9mov je nevyhnutn\u00e9 pre vybudovanie komplexn\u00e9ho celoeur\u00f3pskeho syst\u00e9mu monitorovania lesov a uhl\u00edkov\u00e9ho pohlcova\u010da.<\/p>\n<p>\u0628\u064a\u0646 <strong>hlavn\u00e9 oblasti, kde je potrebn\u00fd \u010fal\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdskum<\/strong>, patria:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Pozorovanie Zeme:<\/strong> Vysokorozli\u0161ovacie satelitn\u00e9 sn\u00edmky v kombin\u00e1cii s leteck\u00fdmi \u00fadajmi a sie\u0165ami pozemn\u00e9ho pozorovania s\u00fa k\u013e\u00fa\u010dov\u00e9 pre v\u010dasn\u00e9 monitorovanie lesov E\u00da. Mnoh\u00e9 krajiny E\u00da sa v s\u00fa\u010dasnosti spoliehaj\u00fa najm\u00e4 na periodick\u00e9 invent\u00fary lesov, ktor\u00e9 neposta\u010duj\u00fa na udr\u017eanie kroku s r\u00fdchlym tempom zhor\u0161ovania zdravia lesov. Existuj\u00face s\u00fabory \u00fadajov o lesoch si tie\u017e vy\u017eaduj\u00fa v\u00e4\u010d\u0161iu transparentnos\u0165 a \u0161tandardiz\u00e1ciu.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Odolnos\u0165 lesov:<\/strong> Je potrebn\u00e9 zlep\u0161i\u0165 pochopenie vz\u00e1jomn\u00e9ho p\u00f4sobenia biodiverzity, odolnosti a obhospodarovania lesov. Rozvoj komplexn\u00e9ho r\u00e1mca monitorovania biodiverzity, zalo\u017een\u00e9ho na kombin\u00e1cii pozemn\u00fdch \u00fadajov a pozorovania Zeme, by mohol pom\u00f4c\u0165 preklen\u00fa\u0165 t\u00fato medzeru v poznatkoch. Pochopenie t\u00fdchto interakci\u00ed by mohlo podpori\u0165 obhospodarovanie lesov priazniv\u00e9 pre biodiverzitu, pri\u010dom sa berie do \u00favahy, \u017ee <strong>zmie\u0161an\u00e9 druhy lesov lep\u0161ie zn\u00e1\u0161aj\u00fa poruchy a extr\u00e9mne klimatick\u00e9 podmienky a maj\u00fa v\u00e4\u010d\u0161\u00ed potenci\u00e1l uhl\u00edkov\u00e9ho pohlcova\u010da<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Predpovedanie a anticip\u00e1cia:<\/strong> Rozhodnutia o obhospodarovan\u00ed lesov a pr\u00edrodn\u00fdch rie\u0161eniach kl\u00edmy maj\u00fa ve\u013ek\u00fd potenci\u00e1l zachova\u0165 alebo dokonca zv\u00fd\u0161i\u0165 uhl\u00edkov\u00fd pohlcova\u010d lesov. K\u013e\u00fa\u010dov\u00e9 je v\u0161ak predv\u00edda\u0165 potenci\u00e1lne ne\u00famyseln\u00e9 dlhodob\u00e9 negat\u00edvne dopady t\u00fdchto rie\u0161en\u00ed, ako napr\u00edklad vplyvy zales\u0148ovania na miestne vodn\u00e9 zdroje, s cie\u013eom zv\u00fd\u0161i\u0165 bud\u00facu odolnos\u0165 lesov a adapt\u00e1ciu na zmenu kl\u00edmy.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Roz\u0161irovanie:<\/strong> Roz\u0161\u00edrenie a zlep\u0161enie prebiehaj\u00faceho v\u00fdskumu, ktor\u00fd integruje modely rastu lesov a socioekonomick\u00e9 modely, by poskytlo tvorcom polit\u00edk jasnej\u0161\u00ed preh\u013ead o tom, ako \u0165a\u017eba dreva a dreven\u00e9 v\u00fdrobky ovplyv\u0148uj\u00fa uhl\u00edkov\u00fd pohlcova\u010d lesov.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>V\u00fdskum na\u010drt\u00e1va mo\u017en\u00e9 opatrenia v oblasti monitorovania, modelovania a obhospodarovania lesov, ktor\u00e9 by mohli zabr\u00e1ni\u0165 poklesu uhl\u00edkov\u00e9ho pohlcova\u010da lesov. \u0160t\u00fadia vyz\u00fdva na <strong>integrovan\u00e9 politiky, ktor\u00e9 rie\u0161ia klimatick\u00e9 aj environment\u00e1lne ciele<\/strong>, a predstavuje pl\u00e1n v\u00fdskumu, ktor\u00fd m\u00e1 tieto politick\u00e9 rozhodnutia vies\u0165. Spojen\u00edm v\u010dasn\u00fdch nariaden\u00ed s podnetmi na udr\u017eate\u013en\u00e9 postupy m\u00f4\u017ee E\u00da st\u00e1le zvr\u00e1ti\u0165 pokles uhl\u00edkov\u00e9ho pohlcova\u010da svojich lesov a zachova\u0165 ich o\u010dak\u00e1van\u00fd pr\u00edspevok ku <strong>klimatickej neutralite do roku 2050<\/strong>. <em><strong>SpringR<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<hr \/>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Lesy pokr\u00fdvaj\u00fa pribli\u017ene 40 % \u00fazemia Eur\u00f3pskej \u00fanie (E\u00da) a v obdob\u00ed rokov 1990 a\u017e 2022 pohltili asi 10 % emisi\u00ed E\u00da poch\u00e1dzaj\u00facich z \u013eudskej \u010dinnosti. Tento proces odstra\u0148ovania uhl\u00edka z atmosf\u00e9ry sa be\u017ene ozna\u010duje ako<\/p>","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[4,1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-37114","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-klimaticka-zmena","category-znizovanie_co2_cdr_ccs_ccu_dac"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.co2news.sk\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/37114","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.co2news.sk\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.co2news.sk\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.co2news.sk\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/7"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.co2news.sk\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=37114"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.co2news.sk\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/37114\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.co2news.sk\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=37114"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.co2news.sk\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=37114"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.co2news.sk\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=37114"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}