{"id":36831,"date":"2025-07-15T05:54:11","date_gmt":"2025-07-15T03:54:11","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.co2news.sk\/?p=36831"},"modified":"2025-07-15T05:55:19","modified_gmt":"2025-07-15T03:55:19","slug":"znizovanie-stelesnenych-uhlikovych-emisii-v-mestach-cesta-k-uhlikovej-neutralite","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.co2news.sk\/ar\/2025\/07\/15\/znizovanie-stelesnenych-uhlikovych-emisii-v-mestach-cesta-k-uhlikovej-neutralite\/","title":{"rendered":"\u062e\u0641\u0636 \u0627\u0646\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062b\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646: \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646\u064a"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>\u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u064a\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0646\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062b\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062b\u0627\u062a. <strong>37 % \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062b\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629<\/strong>, \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 <strong>10 % \u064a\u0623\u062a\u064a \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064a<\/strong>. <!--more--> K\u013e\u00fa\u010dov\u00fdm, no \u010dasto prehliadan\u00fdm faktorom je <strong>stelesnen\u00fd uhl\u00edk<\/strong> \u2013 emisie, ktor\u00e9 vznikaj\u00fa pri \u0165a\u017ebe materi\u00e1lov, v\u00fdrobe, preprave, in\u0161tal\u00e1cii, \u00fadr\u017ebe a demol\u00e1cii. Hoci v\u00fdskum a regul\u00e1cie pokro\u010dili v oblasti opera\u010dnej energetickej \u00fa\u010dinnosti budov, st\u00e1le existuje kritick\u00e1 medzera v ch\u00e1pan\u00ed cel\u00e9ho \u017eivotn\u00e9ho cyklu stelesnen\u00e9ho uhl\u00edka v budov\u00e1ch na \u00farovni cel\u00e9ho mesta, najm\u00e4 v rozvinut\u00fdch krajin\u00e1ch. Rie\u0161enie klimatickej kr\u00edzy a dosiahnutie uhl\u00edkovej neutrality si vy\u017eaduje kvantifik\u00e1ciu v\u0161etk\u00fdch uhl\u00edkov\u00fdch emisi\u00ed z budov a implement\u00e1ciu strat\u00e9gi\u00ed na ich zn\u00ed\u017eenie.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s42949-025-00196-x.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">Nov\u00fd v\u00fdskum<\/span><\/a> predstavuje systematick\u00fd r\u00e1mec pre hodnotenie emisi\u00ed stelesnen\u00e9ho uhl\u00edka v budov\u00e1ch v mestskom meradle. Jeho cie\u013eom je vytvori\u0165 dataset emisi\u00ed \u017eivotn\u00e9ho cyklu budov vo vysokom rozl\u00ed\u0161en\u00ed pre mestsk\u00e9 oblasti, vyhodnoti\u0165 r\u00f4zne strat\u00e9gie zmier\u0148ovania a identifikova\u0165 najvplyvnej\u0161ie faktory ovplyv\u0148uj\u00face mestsk\u00e9 stelesnen\u00e9 uhl\u00edkov\u00e9 emisie. \u0160t\u00fadia sa zameriava na f\u00e1zy \u201eod kol\u00edsky po hrob\u201c (f\u00e1zy A\u2013C) \u017eivotn\u00e9ho cyklu budovy, s vyl\u00fa\u010den\u00edm opera\u010dn\u00e9ho uhl\u00edka z f\u00e1zy B, aby sa s\u00fastredila v\u00fdlu\u010dne na stelesnen\u00fd uhl\u00edk. Tento v\u00fdskum, uskuto\u010dnen\u00fd na pr\u00edklade metropolitnej oblasti Chicaga, simuloval viac ako mili\u00f3n budov a 350 000 iter\u00e1ci\u00ed, \u010d\u00edm poskytol hlbok\u00fd poh\u013ead na emisie CO2 v r\u00e1mci r\u00f4znych scen\u00e1rov mestsk\u00e9ho pl\u00e1novania. Pre dosiahnutie vysok\u00e9ho rozl\u00ed\u0161enia \u00fadajov boli pou\u017eit\u00e9 met\u00f3dy &#8222;bottom-up&#8220;, ktor\u00e9 analyzuj\u00fa jednotliv\u00e9 budovy, materi\u00e1ly alebo technol\u00f3gie pred ich roz\u0161\u00edren\u00edm na \u0161ir\u0161\u00ed poh\u013ead na cel\u00fa budovu.<\/p>\n<p><strong>K\u013e\u00fa\u010dov\u00e9 zistenia zo simul\u00e1cie v Chicagu<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Simul\u00e1cia v Chicagu, ktor\u00e1 zah\u0155\u0148ala 1 010 840 budov, odhalila z\u00e1sadn\u00e9 poznatky o emisi\u00e1ch stelesnen\u00e9ho uhl\u00edka. Priemern\u00e1 celkov\u00e1 zmenen\u00e1 emisia mesta bola 5,49 \u00d7 10^9 kg CO2, s rozsahom od 1,93 \u00d7 10^9 kg CO2 do 1,62 \u00d7 10^10 kg CO2, \u010do poukazuje na obrovsk\u00fd rozdiel a potrebu informovanej politiky.<\/p>\n<p>Medzi najd\u00f4le\u017eitej\u0161ie z\u00e1very patria:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u017divotnos\u0165 budov<\/strong>: \u0160t\u00fadia zistila, \u017ee budovy s <strong>50-ro\u010dnou \u017eivotnos\u0165ou emituj\u00fa pribli\u017ene trikr\u00e1t viac CO2<\/strong> ako tie, ktor\u00e9 maj\u00fa \u017eivotnos\u0165 80 rokov. Pred\u013a\u017eenie \u017eivotnosti budovy je spojen\u00e9 so zn\u00ed\u017een\u00edm riz\u00edk s\u00favisiacich s o\u010dak\u00e1van\u00fdmi emisiami v scen\u00e1roch mestsk\u00e9ho pl\u00e1novania. Tento exponenci\u00e1lny efekt \u017eivotnosti budov na emisie zd\u00f4raz\u0148uje naliehav\u00fa potrebu strat\u00e9gi\u00ed, ktor\u00e9 uprednost\u0148uj\u00fa dlhovekos\u0165 budov.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Plocha budovy<\/strong>: Okrem \u017eivotnosti m\u00e1 na emisie z\u00e1sadn\u00fd vplyv aj plocha budovy. Zmena plochy budovy o <strong>20 % m\u00f4\u017ee negova\u0165 v\u00fdhody pred\u013a\u017eenej \u017eivotnosti<\/strong> alebo zmierni\u0165 negat\u00edvne dopady kr\u00e1tkej \u017eivotnosti. To znamen\u00e1, \u017ee <strong>hybridn\u00fd pr\u00edstup<\/strong> k zmier\u0148ovaniu emisi\u00ed, ktor\u00fd zah\u0155\u0148a pred\u013a\u017eenie \u017eivotnosti <em>aj<\/em> zmen\u0161enie plochy budov, je nevyhnutn\u00fd.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Renov\u00e1cia vs. nov\u00e1 v\u00fdstavba<\/strong>: Vplyv novej v\u00fdstavby v Chicagu je v priemere pribli\u017ene 5,42 \u00d7 10^5 kg CO2, zatia\u013e \u010do vplyv v\u00fdmeny a renov\u00e1cie je pribli\u017ene 4,09 \u00d7 10^9 kg CO2. To znamen\u00e1, \u017ee <strong>v\u00fdstavba nov\u00fdch budov emituje 7 500-kr\u00e1t viac stelesnen\u00e9ho uhl\u00edka ako renov\u00e1cia a op\u00e4tovn\u00e9 pou\u017eitie<\/strong> existuj\u00facich budov. Bud\u00face politiky rozvoja miest by mali uprednost\u0148ova\u0165 zachovanie a renov\u00e1ciu existuj\u00facich budov pred v\u00fdstavbou nov\u00fdch.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Predv\u00eddate\u013enos\u0165 strat\u00e9gi\u00ed<\/strong>: Renova\u010dn\u00e9 strat\u00e9gie zameran\u00e9 na pred\u013a\u017eenie \u017eivotnosti budov s\u00fa nielen preferovate\u013en\u00e9, ale aj predv\u00eddate\u013en\u00e9 a sp\u00e1jaj\u00fa sa s ni\u017e\u0161\u00edm rizikom pre strat\u00e9gie kontroly emisi\u00ed. Naopak, v\u00fdmenn\u00e9 scen\u00e1re s\u00fa ove\u013ea n\u00e1chylnej\u0161ie na vy\u0161\u0161ie emisie a maj\u00fa \u0161ir\u0161ie p\u00e1smo pravdepodobnosti, \u010do ich rob\u00ed rizikovej\u0161\u00edmi. V s\u00fa\u010dasnosti sa renovuje len pribli\u017ene 1 % budov ro\u010dne.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Odpor\u00fa\u010dania pre bud\u00facnos\u0165<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>V\u00fdsledky simul\u00e1cie a citlivostnej anal\u00fdzy jasne nazna\u010duj\u00fa, \u017ee pre minimaliz\u00e1ciu emisi\u00ed je optim\u00e1lny <strong>hybridn\u00fd pr\u00edstup<\/strong>. Ten spo\u010d\u00edva v po\u010diato\u010dnom pou\u017eit\u00ed krat\u0161\u00edch \u017eivotnost\u00ed s men\u0161ou zastavanou plochou, po ktorom nasleduj\u00fa pred\u013a\u017eenia \u017eivotnosti prostredn\u00edctvom renov\u00e1ci\u00ed. Pre \u00faspe\u0161n\u00e9 zmier\u0148ovanie mestsk\u00fdch emisi\u00ed je naliehavo potrebn\u00e9, aby mestsk\u00ed pl\u00e1nova\u010di prijali normy a predpisy, ktor\u00e9 u\u013eah\u010duj\u00fa renov\u00e1cie budov, najm\u00e4 s prib\u00fadaj\u00facim vekom budov. Tieto zistenia s\u00fa cenn\u00fdm n\u00e1strojom pre mestsk\u00fdch a urbanistick\u00fdch pl\u00e1nova\u010dov, tvorcov polit\u00edk v stavebn\u00edctve, environment\u00e1lnych in\u017einierov a cel\u00fa komunitu stavebn\u00e9ho in\u017einierstva pri efekt\u00edvnom zmier\u0148ovan\u00ed mestsk\u00fdch uhl\u00edkov\u00fdch emisi\u00ed. <em><strong>SpringR<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p>Zistenia s\u00fa\u00a0<span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><a style=\"color: #0000ff;\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s42949-025-00196-x\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">publikovan\u00e9<\/a><\/span>\u00a0\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629\u00a0<i>npj Urban Sustainability<\/i>\u00a0.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Stavebn\u00fd priemysel je jedn\u00fdm z najv\u00e4\u010d\u0161\u00edch prispievate\u013eov ku glob\u00e1lnym uhl\u00edkov\u00fdm emisi\u00e1m, pri\u010dom predstavuje 37 % environment\u00e1lnych emisi\u00ed, z \u010doho 10 % poch\u00e1dza priamo z v\u00fdstavby budov.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[27,6],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-36831","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-udrzatelnost_uhlikova-neutralita","category-uhlikova-stopa"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.co2news.sk\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/36831","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.co2news.sk\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.co2news.sk\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.co2news.sk\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/7"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.co2news.sk\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=36831"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.co2news.sk\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/36831\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.co2news.sk\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=36831"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.co2news.sk\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=36831"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.co2news.sk\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=36831"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}