{"id":36324,"date":"2025-06-23T06:20:06","date_gmt":"2025-06-23T04:20:06","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.co2news.sk\/?p=36324"},"modified":"2025-06-23T06:23:10","modified_gmt":"2025-06-23T04:23:10","slug":"preco-zaradenie-spalovni-odpadu-do-eu-ets-znamena-zelensiu-buducnost-a-viac-pracovnych-miest","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.co2news.sk\/ar\/2025\/06\/23\/preco-zaradenie-spalovni-odpadu-do-eu-ets-znamena-zelensiu-buducnost-a-viac-pracovnych-miest\/","title":{"rendered":"Pre\u010do zaradenie spa\u013eovn\u00ed odpadu do EU ETS znamen\u00e1 zelen\u0161iu bud\u00facnos\u0165 a viac pracovn\u00fdch miest!"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Vedeli ste, \u017ee spa\u013eovanie komun\u00e1lneho odpadu je v s\u00fa\u010dasnosti vy\u0148at\u00e9 z Eur\u00f3pskeho syst\u00e9mu obchodovania s emisiami (EU ETS)? Ak sa v\u0161ak spa\u013eovne zaradia do tohto syst\u00e9mu v roku 2028, m\u00f4\u017ee to prinies\u0165 v\u00fdznamn\u00e9 <!--more-->klimatick\u00e9 a zamestnaneck\u00e9 v\u00fdhody. Nov\u00e1 <a href=\"https:\/\/euagenda.eu\/publications\/download\/639357\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">\u064a\u0630\u0627\u0643\u0631<\/span><\/a> od CE Delft sk\u00famala dopady tohto kroku.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Nov\u00e9 pravidl\u00e1, nov\u00e9 motiv\u00e1cie<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>EU ETS je trhov\u00fd mechanizmus na zni\u017eovanie emisi\u00ed CO2, ktor\u00fd stimuluje spolo\u010dnosti k n\u00e1kladovo efekt\u00edvnemu zni\u017eovaniu sklen\u00edkov\u00fdch plynov. Zaradenie spa\u013eovn\u00ed do EU ETS bude znamena\u0165, \u017ee odpadov\u00e9 spolo\u010dnosti bud\u00fa musie\u0165 kupova\u0165 emisn\u00e9 povolenky za ka\u017ed\u00fa tonu CO2, ktor\u00fa vypustia. Tieto dodato\u010dn\u00e9 n\u00e1klady na spa\u013eovanie m\u00f4\u017eu fungova\u0165 ako <strong>motiv\u00e1cia pre predch\u00e1dzanie vzniku odpadu a recykl\u00e1ciu<\/strong>, ktor\u00e9 sa tak stan\u00fa konkurencieschopnej\u0161\u00edmi a menej n\u00e1kladn\u00fdmi ako spa\u013eovanie. D\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e9 je tie\u017e zabr\u00e1ni\u0165 presunu odpadu na skl\u00e1dky, \u010do je u\u017e obmedzen\u00e9 smernicou o skl\u00e1dkach. \u0160t\u00fadia zva\u017eovala dva scen\u00e1re: zaradenie emisi\u00ed fos\u00edlneho p\u00f4vodu (FC) a zaradenie emisi\u00ed fos\u00edlneho aj biog\u00e9nneho p\u00f4vodu (FBC).<\/p>\n<p><strong>Klimatick\u00e9 pr\u00ednosy pre Eur\u00f3pu<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Zahrnutie spa\u013eovania odpadu do EU ETS by viedlo k <strong>zn\u00ed\u017eeniu emisi\u00ed v rozsahu 4 a\u017e 7 mili\u00f3nov ton v roku 2030 a 18 a\u017e 32 mili\u00f3nov ton v roku 2040<\/strong> v r\u00e1mci syst\u00e9mu EU ETS. Toto zn\u00ed\u017eenie je pova\u017eovan\u00e9 za minimum, ke\u010f\u017ee nezah\u0155\u0148a redukcie emisi\u00ed mimo priameho rozsahu EU ETS. \u00daspory m\u00f4\u017eu by\u0165 v\u00fdsledkom:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Predzberov\u00e9ho triedenia<\/strong> (dom\u00e1cnosti a spolo\u010dnosti).<\/li>\n<li><strong>Triedenia zvy\u0161kov\u00e9ho zmie\u0161an\u00e9ho odpadu<\/strong> v \u0161pecializovan\u00fdch zariadeniach.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Recykl\u00e1cie a predch\u00e1dzania vzniku odpadu<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Opatren\u00ed na zachyt\u00e1vanie a ukladanie uhl\u00edka (CCS)<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Zn\u00ed\u017eenia emisi\u00ed v in\u00fdch sektoroch EU ETS<\/strong>, ke\u010f\u017ee odpadov\u00e9 spolo\u010dnosti bud\u00fa nakupova\u0165 emisn\u00e9 pr\u00e1va, \u010d\u00edm stimuluj\u00fa zni\u017eovanie sklen\u00edkov\u00fdch plynov inde. Recykl\u00e1cia tie\u017e zni\u017euje emisie v celom \u017eivotnom cykle produktov, napr\u00edklad zn\u00ed\u017een\u00edm dovozu prim\u00e1rnych plastov a s\u00favisiacich emisi\u00ed mimo E\u00da.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Viac pracovn\u00fdch miest a \u010distej\u0161\u00ed vzduch<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Okrem klimatick\u00fdch v\u00fdhod prin\u00e1\u0161a zaradenie spa\u013eovn\u00ed do EU ETS aj <strong>zamestnaneck\u00e9 benefity<\/strong>. Recykla\u010dn\u00e9 aktivity s\u00fa toti\u017e <strong>pracovne n\u00e1ro\u010dnej\u0161ie<\/strong> ako spa\u013eovanie odpadu. \u0160t\u00fadia odhaduje, \u017ee sa vytvor\u00ed <strong>8 700 a\u017e 16 400 dodato\u010dn\u00fdch pracovn\u00fdch miest v roku 2030 a 11 600 a\u017e 21 700 v roku 2040<\/strong>. Napr\u00edklad, na 1 000 ton recyklovan\u00e9ho odpadu sa vytvoria 2 FTE (ekvivalent pln\u00e9ho pracovn\u00e9ho \u00fav\u00e4zku), zatia\u013e \u010do spa\u013eovanie vedie k strate 0,1 FTE. Zlep\u0161\u00ed sa aj <strong>kvalita ovzdu\u0161ia pre ob\u010danov<\/strong>. Zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00e1 recykl\u00e1cia zni\u017euje \u0161kodliv\u00e9 emisie (napr. diox\u00edny a fur\u00e1ny) odv\u00e1dzan\u00edm materi\u00e1lov zo spa\u013eovania. Zni\u017euje sa aj tvorba spodn\u00e9ho popola, ktor\u00fd pri nespr\u00e1vnom nakladan\u00ed m\u00f4\u017ee ohrozova\u0165 \u017eivotn\u00e9 prostredie a zdravie.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Ako maximalizova\u0165 dopad a zmierni\u0165 n\u00e1klady?<\/strong> Aj ke\u010f zaradenie do EU ETS prinesie zv\u00fd\u0161enie n\u00e1kladov na zne\u0161kod\u0148ovanie odpadu pre dom\u00e1cnosti a firmy, tieto <strong>n\u00e1klady sa daj\u00fa zmierni\u0165 recykl\u00e1ciou v\u00fdnosov z predaja emisn\u00fdch povoleniek<\/strong> zo strany vl\u00e1dy. Pre posilnenie dopadu sa odpor\u00fa\u010daj\u00fa dodato\u010dn\u00e9 politiky, ako napr\u00edklad povinn\u00fd obsah recyklovan\u00e9ho materi\u00e1lu pre plasty, zavedenie variabilnej\u0161\u00edch poplatkov za odpad (PAYT) pre ob\u010danov alebo lacnej\u0161ie n\u00e1doby na separovan\u00fd zber.<\/p>\n<p>Integr\u00e1cia spa\u013eovn\u00ed odpadu do EU ETS predstavuje <strong>k\u013e\u00fa\u010dov\u00fd krok k udr\u017eate\u013enej\u0161ej bud\u00facnosti<\/strong> v Eur\u00f3pe. S\u013eubuje <strong>v\u00fdznamn\u00e9 zn\u00ed\u017eenie emisi\u00ed sklen\u00edkov\u00fdch plynov, podporu cirkul\u00e1rnej ekonomiky a vytvorenie tis\u00edcok nov\u00fdch pracovn\u00fdch miest<\/strong>. Je to jasn\u00e1 cesta k \u010distej\u0161iemu prostrediu a silnej\u0161ej ekonomike. <em><strong>SpringR<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p><strong>\u0645\u0633\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>EU ETS (Eur\u00f3psky syst\u00e9m obchodovania s emisiami):<\/strong> Trhovo orientovan\u00fd mechanizmus na zni\u017eovanie emisi\u00ed CO2, ktor\u00fd spolo\u010dnostiam poskytuje stimuly na n\u00e1kladovo efekt\u00edvne zni\u017eovanie emisi\u00ed sklen\u00edkov\u00fdch plynov.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Spa\u013eovanie odpadu:<\/strong> Proces spa\u013eovania odpadov\u00fdch materi\u00e1lov za \u00fa\u010delom zn\u00ed\u017eenia ich objemu a niekedy aj v\u00fdroby energie.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Klimatick\u00e9 pr\u00ednosy:<\/strong> Pozit\u00edvne vplyvy na kl\u00edmu, ako je zn\u00ed\u017eenie emisi\u00ed sklen\u00edkov\u00fdch plynov, vypl\u00fdvaj\u00face z ur\u010dit\u00fdch \u010dinnost\u00ed alebo polit\u00edk.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Predch\u00e1dzanie vzniku odpadu:<\/strong> Opatrenia prijat\u00e9 na zn\u00ed\u017eenie mno\u017estva odpadu, ktor\u00fd vznik\u00e1, prostredn\u00edctvom zmien v dizajne v\u00fdrobkov, vzorcoch spotreby alebo op\u00e4tovn\u00e9ho pou\u017eitia.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Recykl\u00e1cia:<\/strong> Proces premeny odpadov\u00fdch materi\u00e1lov na nov\u00e9 v\u00fdrobky s cie\u013eom zabr\u00e1ni\u0165 plytvaniu, zn\u00ed\u017ei\u0165 spotrebu \u010derstv\u00fdch surov\u00edn a zn\u00ed\u017ei\u0165 emisie.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Emisn\u00e9 kredity:<\/strong> Obchodovate\u013en\u00e9 povolenia, ktor\u00e9 umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00fa dr\u017eite\u013eovi emitova\u0165 jednu tonu ekvivalentu CO2, ktor\u00e9 si musia spolo\u010dnosti k\u00fapi\u0165 v r\u00e1mci syst\u00e9mu ETS.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Scen\u00e1r FC (fos\u00edlny CO2):<\/strong> Scen\u00e1r v \u0161t\u00fadii, ktor\u00fd posudzuje zahrnutie emisi\u00ed CO2 len z fos\u00edlneho p\u00f4vodu.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Scen\u00e1r FBC (fos\u00edlny a biog\u00e9nny CO2):<\/strong> Scen\u00e1r v \u0161t\u00fadii, ktor\u00fd posudzuje zahrnutie emisi\u00ed CO2 z fos\u00edlneho aj biog\u00e9nneho p\u00f4vodu.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Landfill Directive (Smernica o skl\u00e1dkach):<\/strong> Legislat\u00edva E\u00da, ktor\u00e1 sa sna\u017e\u00ed zn\u00ed\u017ei\u0165 nepriazniv\u00e9 vplyvy skl\u00e1dkovania odpadu na \u017eivotn\u00e9 prostredie a \u013eudsk\u00e9 zdravie.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Cenov\u00e9 elasticity:<\/strong> Miera, do akej reaguje dopyt po tovare alebo slu\u017ebe na zmenu jeho ceny. V kontexte \u0161t\u00fadie to meria, ako zmeny n\u00e1kladov na spa\u013eovanie ovplyv\u0148uj\u00fa mieru recykl\u00e1cie a predch\u00e1dzania vzniku odpadu.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Pre-collection sorting (Predzberov\u00e9 triedenie):<\/strong> Triedenie odpadu dom\u00e1cnos\u0165ami alebo podnikmi pred jeho zberom (napr. triedenie plastov, papiera at\u010f. do samostatn\u00fdch n\u00e1dob).<\/li>\n<li><strong>Residual mixed waste sorting (Triedenie zvy\u0161kov\u00e9ho zmesov\u00e9ho odpadu):<\/strong> Proces separ\u00e1cie recyklovate\u013en\u00fdch materi\u00e1lov zo zvy\u0161kov\u00e9ho (netrieden\u00e9ho) odpadu po jeho zbere prostredn\u00edctvom \u0161pecializovan\u00fdch zariaden\u00ed.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS):<\/strong> Technol\u00f3gie a met\u00f3dy pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00e9 na zachyt\u00e1vanie CO2 z ve\u013ek\u00fdch zdrojov, ako s\u00fa elektr\u00e1rne, a jeho ukladanie, aby sa nedostal do atmosf\u00e9ry.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Pay-as-you-throw (PAYT):<\/strong> Syst\u00e9m, v ktorom s\u00fa dom\u00e1cnosti \u00fa\u010dtovan\u00e9 za likvid\u00e1ciu odpadu na z\u00e1klade mno\u017estva, ktor\u00e9 vyprodukuj\u00fa, zvy\u010dajne na z\u00e1klade hmotnosti alebo objemu.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Roz\u0161\u00edren\u00e1 zodpovednos\u0165 v\u00fdrobcu (EPR):<\/strong> Politick\u00fd pr\u00edstup, v ktorom s\u00fa v\u00fdrobcovia zodpovedn\u00ed za cel\u00fd \u017eivotn\u00fd cyklus v\u00fdrobkov, ktor\u00e9 uv\u00e1dzaj\u00fa na trh, vr\u00e1tane zberu, recykl\u00e1cie a likvid\u00e1cie po spotrebe.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Spodn\u00fd popol:<\/strong> Pevn\u00fd zvy\u0161ok, ktor\u00fd zostane po spa\u013eovan\u00ed odpadu.<\/li>\n<li><strong>PAHy (polycyklick\u00e9 aromatick\u00e9 uh\u013eovod\u00edky):<\/strong> Toxick\u00e9 zl\u00fa\u010deniny vznikaj\u00face pri ne\u00faplnom spa\u013eovan\u00ed organick\u00fdch materi\u00e1lov.<\/li>\n<li><strong>PCDD\/PCDFy (diox\u00edny a fur\u00e1ny):<\/strong> Vysoko toxick\u00e9, perzistentn\u00e9 organick\u00e9 zne\u010dis\u0165uj\u00face l\u00e1tky, ktor\u00e9 vznikaj\u00fa pri spa\u013eovan\u00ed odpadu.<\/li>\n<li><strong>CO2-eq (ekvivalent CO2):<\/strong> Miera, ktor\u00e1 vyjadruje vplyv r\u00f4znych sklen\u00edkov\u00fdch plynov na glob\u00e1lne otep\u013eovanie ako ekvivalent mno\u017estva CO2 s rovnak\u00fdm vplyvom.<\/li>\n<\/ul>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Vedeli ste, \u017ee spa\u013eovanie komun\u00e1lneho odpadu je v s\u00fa\u010dasnosti vy\u0148at\u00e9 z Eur\u00f3pskeho syst\u00e9mu obchodovania s emisiami (EU ETS)? Ak sa v\u0161ak spa\u013eovne zaradia do tohto syst\u00e9mu v roku 2028, m\u00f4\u017ee to prinies\u0165 v\u00fdznamn\u00e9<\/p>","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[26],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-36324","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-uhlikove-kredity"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.co2news.sk\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/36324","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.co2news.sk\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.co2news.sk\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.co2news.sk\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/7"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.co2news.sk\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=36324"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.co2news.sk\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/36324\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.co2news.sk\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=36324"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.co2news.sk\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=36324"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.co2news.sk\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=36324"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}