{"id":36316,"date":"2025-06-22T07:05:00","date_gmt":"2025-06-22T05:05:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.co2news.sk\/?p=36316"},"modified":"2025-06-22T07:05:32","modified_gmt":"2025-06-22T05:05:32","slug":"skryva-sa-za-rastucou-absorpciou-slnecneho-ziarenia-zeme-prekvapivy-vinnik-oblaky-sa-zmensuju","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.co2news.sk\/ar\/2025\/06\/22\/skryva-sa-za-rastucou-absorpciou-slnecneho-ziarenia-zeme-prekvapivy-vinnik-oblaky-sa-zmensuju\/","title":{"rendered":"Skr\u00fdva sa za rast\u00facou absorpciou slne\u010dn\u00e9ho \u017eiarenia Zeme prekvapiv\u00fd vinn\u00edk? Oblaky sa zmen\u0161uj\u00fa!"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Zem absorbuje \u010doraz viac slne\u010dn\u00e9ho \u017eiarenia, \u010do prispieva k zvy\u0161ovaniu jej teploty. Vedci u\u017e dlh\u0161ie vedia, \u017ee za t\u00fdmto trendom stoj\u00ed predov\u0161etk\u00fdm zn\u00ed\u017eenie odrazu slne\u010dn\u00e9ho svetla oblakmi. Ned\u00e1vna \u0161t\u00fadia, publikovan\u00e1 v<!--more--> <em>Geophysical Research Letters<\/em>, prin\u00e1\u0161a k\u013e\u00fa\u010dov\u00fd ch\u00fdbaj\u00faci dielik do sklada\u010dky, ktor\u00fd odha\u013euje hlavn\u00e9ho vinn\u00edka tohto javu v 21. storo\u010d\u00ed. <strong>Ukazuje sa, \u017ee hlavn\u00fdm d\u00f4vodom je kontrakcia (zmen\u0161ovanie) svetov\u00fdch b\u00farkov\u00fdch oblakov.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u010co sa deje s oblakmi?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Anal\u00fdza satelitn\u00fdch pozorovan\u00ed za posledn\u00fdch 24 rokov (obdobie 2001-2024) odhalila znepokojuj\u00faci trend: z\u00f3ny b\u00farkov\u00fdch oblakov v tropick\u00fdch a stredn\u00fdch \u0161\u00edrkach sa <strong>kontrahuj\u00fa tempom 1,5 % a\u017e 3 % za desa\u0165ro\u010die<\/strong>. Konkr\u00e9tne, oblasti s vysokou obla\u010dnos\u0165ou (ozna\u010dovan\u00e9 ako re\u017eimy \u201eLarge Total Cloud Cover\u201c, L-TCC) vykazuj\u00fa \u0161tatisticky v\u00fdznamn\u00e9 poklesy od 1,84 % \u00b1 0,38 % do 3,20 % \u00b1 0,97 % za desa\u0165ro\u010die vo vysok\u00fdch \u0161\u00edrkach a 2,07 % \u00b1 0,45 % za desa\u0165ro\u010die v n\u00edzkych \u0161\u00edrkach. Podobn\u00e9 zmen\u0161ovanie vykazuj\u00fa aj oblasti siln\u00e9ho kr\u00e1tkovlnn\u00e9ho oblakov\u00e9ho radia\u010dn\u00e9ho efektu (tzv. S-SWCRE re\u017eimy), a to tempom 0,88 % \u00b1 0,4 % a\u017e 1,32 % \u00b1 0,3 % za desa\u0165ro\u010die.<\/p>\n<p>Toto zmen\u0161ovanie, ktor\u00e9 sa prejavuje ako kontrakcia stredolatit\u00fadnych b\u00farkov\u00fdch oblast\u00ed a zu\u017eovanie medzitropickej z\u00f3ny konvergencie (ITCZ), spolu s \u00fabytkom obla\u010dnosti v n\u00edzkych \u0161\u00edrkach, <strong>umo\u017e\u0148uje viac slne\u010dn\u00e9ho \u017eiarenia dopadn\u00fa\u0165 na zemsk\u00fd povrch<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Dopad na absorpciu slne\u010dn\u00e9ho \u017eiarenia:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00e1 absorpcia slne\u010dn\u00e9ho \u017eiarenia Zeme je v\u00fdznamn\u00e1, pri\u010dom celosvetov\u00fd trend pre obdobie 2001\u20132024 je <strong>0,45 W\/m\u00b2 za desa\u0165ro\u010die<\/strong>. Z tejto hodnoty <strong>a\u017e 0,37 W\/m\u00b2 za desa\u0165ro\u010die mo\u017eno prip\u00edsa\u0165 pr\u00e1ve kontrakcii spom\u00ednan\u00fdch svetov\u00fdch b\u00farkov\u00fdch a tropick\u00fdch konvek\u010dn\u00fdch\/stratocumulusov\u00fdch re\u017eimov<\/strong>. Tento jav je op\u00edsan\u00fd ako \u201eoblakov\u00e9 radia\u010dn\u00e9 otep\u013eovanie\u201c.<\/p>\n<p>Vedci, vr\u00e1tane autorov <a href=\"https:\/\/agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1029\/2025GL114882\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a<\/span><\/a> Georga Tselioudisa (koresponduj\u00faci autor), Jasmine Remillard, Christiana Jakoba a Williama B. Rossowa, analyzovali d\u00e1ta z pr\u00edstrojov Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) a Clouds and the Earth&#8217;s Radiant Energy System (CERES) na satelitoch Terra a Aqua. T\u00fdmto sp\u00f4sobom dok\u00e1zali rozlo\u017ei\u0165 trendy slne\u010dnej radia\u010dnej bilancie na zlo\u017eky s\u00favisiace so v\u0161eobecnou cirkul\u00e1ciou atmosf\u00e9ry a na zlo\u017eky ovplyvnen\u00e9 lok\u00e1lnymi procesmi v oblakoch.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Pre\u010do sa to deje? Spojenie s atmosf\u00e9rickou cirkul\u00e1ciou:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Kontrakcia b\u00farkov\u00fdch oblakov \u00fazko s\u00favis\u00ed s pozorovan\u00fdmi posunmi v celkovej atmosf\u00e9rickej cirkul\u00e1cii Zeme. \u0160t\u00fadia Tselioudis et al. (2024), na ktor\u00fa sa odkazuje v tomto v\u00fdskume, u\u017e predt\u00fdm zistila:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Polewardn\u00fd posun stredolatit\u00fadnych b\u00farkov\u00fdch oblakov<\/strong>, podobn\u00fd posunu atmosf\u00e9rick\u00e9ho pr\u00fadov\u00e9ho pr\u00fadenia (jet streamov).<\/li>\n<li><strong>Polewardn\u00e1 expanzia subtropickej oblasti s n\u00edzkou obla\u010dnos\u0165ou<\/strong>, \u010do sa zhoduje s roz\u0161irovan\u00edm glob\u00e1lnych tr\u00f3pov.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Zu\u017eovanie medzitropickej z\u00f3ny konvergencie (ITCZ)<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Tieto zmeny v atmosf\u00e9rickej cirkul\u00e1cii s\u00fa dobre zdokumentovan\u00e9 v pozorovaniach a modelovac\u00edch \u0161t\u00fadi\u00e1ch a <strong>nazna\u010duj\u00fa v\u00fdznamn\u00fd vplyv antropog\u00e9nneho p\u00f4sobenia<\/strong> (\u010dinnosti \u010dloveka). Ve\u013ek\u00e9 rozdiely v kr\u00e1tkovlnnom oblakovom radia\u010dnom efekte (SWCRE) medzi definovan\u00fdmi re\u017eimami znamenaj\u00fa, \u017ee aj mal\u00e9 zmeny v relat\u00edvnom pokryt\u00ed t\u00fdchto re\u017eimov m\u00f4\u017eu vies\u0165 k v\u00fdznamn\u00fdm zmen\u00e1m v radia\u010dnej bilancii.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u010eal\u0161ie faktory:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Hoci s\u00fa posuny v celkovej cirkul\u00e1cii dominantn\u00e9, k trendom prispievaj\u00fa aj lok\u00e1lne procesy ovplyv\u0148uj\u00face oblaky. V n\u00edzkych \u0161\u00edrkach pozorovali vedci v\u00fdznamn\u00e9 cloudov\u00e9 radia\u010dn\u00e9 otep\u013eovanie (0,21 W\/m\u00b2\/desa\u0165ro\u010die), ktor\u00e9 m\u00f4\u017ee by\u0165 sp\u00f4soben\u00e9 nepriamymi \u00fa\u010dinkami aeros\u00f3lov (napr\u00edklad zn\u00ed\u017een\u00edm emisi\u00ed z lod\u00ed) alebo poklesom n\u00edzkej obla\u010dnosti v d\u00f4sledku zmien v procesoch hrani\u010dnej vrstvy. Naopak, vo vysok\u00fdch \u0161\u00edrkach do\u0161lo k ochladzuj\u00facemu efektu oblakov (0,20 W\/m\u00b2\/desa\u0165ro\u010die), ktor\u00fd m\u00f4\u017ee by\u0165 sp\u00f4soben\u00fd zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00edm albeda a podielu n\u00edzkych a stredn\u00fdch oblakov v d\u00f4sledku \u201esp\u00e4tnej v\u00e4zby f\u00e1zy oblakov\u201c. <strong>Glob\u00e1lny dopad t\u00fdchto lok\u00e1lnych procesov je v\u0161ak minimalizovan\u00fd ich protichodn\u00fdm charakterom<\/strong> v r\u00f4znych zemepisn\u00fdch \u0161\u00edrkach.<\/p>\n<p><strong>K\u013e\u00fa\u010dov\u00fd dielik do sklada\u010dky:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>T\u00e1to \u0161t\u00fadia <strong>pon\u00faka z\u00e1sadn\u00fd ch\u00fdbaj\u00faci dielik do sklada\u010dky pochopenia zvy\u0161ovania absorpcie slne\u010dn\u00e9ho \u017eiarenia v 21. storo\u010d\u00ed a ve\u013ekej tepelnej anom\u00e1lie z roku 2023<\/strong>. Zd\u00f4raz\u0148uje, \u017ee je nevyhnutn\u00e9, aby klimatick\u00e9 modely boli schopn\u00e9 presne simulova\u0165 pozorovan\u00fa kontrakciu b\u00farkov\u00fdch oblakov a aby sa \u010falej sk\u00famali interakcie medzi zmenami atmosf\u00e9rickej dynamiky a obla\u010dnosti.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Zistili sme, \u017ee kontrakcia b\u00farkov\u00fdch z\u00f3n je hlavn\u00fdm faktorom ned\u00e1vneho zv\u00fd\u0161enia absorpcie slne\u010dn\u00e9ho \u017eiarenia<\/strong>, \u010d\u00edm sa otv\u00e1ra nov\u00e1 kapitola v pochopen\u00ed klimatick\u00fdch zmien a ich prepojenia s dynamikou na\u0161ej atmosf\u00e9ry. <em><strong>SpringR<\/strong><\/em><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Zem absorbuje \u010doraz viac slne\u010dn\u00e9ho \u017eiarenia, \u010do prispieva k zvy\u0161ovaniu jej teploty. Vedci u\u017e dlh\u0161ie vedia, \u017ee za t\u00fdmto trendom stoj\u00ed predov\u0161etk\u00fdm zn\u00ed\u017eenie odrazu slne\u010dn\u00e9ho svetla oblakmi. Ned\u00e1vna \u0161t\u00fadia, publikovan\u00e1 v<\/p>","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[4],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-36316","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-klimaticka-zmena"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.co2news.sk\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/36316","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.co2news.sk\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.co2news.sk\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.co2news.sk\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/7"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.co2news.sk\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=36316"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.co2news.sk\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/36316\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.co2news.sk\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=36316"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.co2news.sk\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=36316"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.co2news.sk\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=36316"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}