{"id":34777,"date":"2025-04-06T07:45:26","date_gmt":"2025-04-06T05:45:26","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.co2news.sk\/?p=34777"},"modified":"2025-04-06T07:52:10","modified_gmt":"2025-04-06T05:52:10","slug":"databaza-priestorovych-hranic-projektov-uhlikovej-kompenzacie-zalozenych-na-prirode","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.co2news.sk\/ar\/2025\/04\/06\/databaza-priestorovych-hranic-projektov-uhlikovej-kompenzacie-zalozenych-na-prirode\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u062a\u0639\u0648\u064a\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629<\/span><\/a> \u064a\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u062a\u0639\u0648\u064a\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u0632\u0621\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a zameran\u00fdch na zn\u00ed\u017eenie atmosf\u00e9rick\u00e9ho CO2 a zmiernenie dopadov zmeny kl\u00edmy. Kompenz\u00e1cie uhl\u00edka sa stali jednou z najroz\u0161\u00edrenej\u0161\u00edch strat\u00e9gi\u00ed NBS, av\u0161ak tieto projekty boli kritizovan\u00e9 za prehnan\u00e9 kompenz\u00e1cie.<\/p>\n

Verifik\u00e1cia efekt\u00edvnosti kompenz\u00e1ci\u00ed uhl\u00edka odvoden\u00fdch z NBS je komplikovan\u00e1 nedostatkom \u013eahko dostupn\u00fdch ge priestorov\u00fdch \u00fadajov o hraniciach projektov.<\/strong> Hoci trh s obchodovan\u00edm s uhl\u00edkov\u00fdmi kreditmi rastie, objavili sa obavy t\u00fdkaj\u00face sa vyd\u00e1vania kreditov, poru\u0161ovania \u013eudsk\u00fdch pr\u00e1v a ch\u00fdb v \u00fa\u010dtovn\u00edctve, \u010do spochyb\u0148uje \u00fa\u010dinnos\u0165 pr\u00edrodn\u00fdch uhl\u00edkov\u00fdch projektov.<\/p>\n

Na rie\u0161enie probl\u00e9mov spojen\u00fdch s hranicami projektov NBS bola vytvoren\u00e1 glob\u00e1lna datab\u00e1za priestorov\u00fdch hran\u00edc 575 pr\u00edrodn\u00fdch lesn\u00fdch uhl\u00edkov\u00fdch projektov v 55 krajin\u00e1ch.<\/strong> T\u00e1to datab\u00e1za obsahuje tri typy projektov: zabr\u00e1nenie odles\u0148ovaniu (AD), zales\u0148ovanie, obnova lesov a reveget\u00e1cia (ARR) a zlep\u0161en\u00e9 hospod\u00e1renie v lesoch (IFM). Projekty v datab\u00e1ze s\u00fa registrovan\u00e9 v \u0161iestich uhl\u00edkov\u00fdch registroch: American Carbon Registry, BioCarbon Standard, Climate Action Reserve, EcoRegistry, Gold Standard a Verra.<\/p>\n

\u00dadaje o hraniciach boli z\u00edskan\u00e9 kombin\u00e1ciou met\u00f3d:<\/strong> z\u00edskavanie \u00fadajov z registrov uhl\u00edkov\u00fdch projektov (n = 433, 75,3%), manu\u00e1lne georeferencovanie a digitaliz\u00e1cia (n = 127, 22,1%). Ak neboli k dispoz\u00edcii geo priestorov\u00e9 \u00fadaje, boli kontaktovan\u00ed projektov\u00ed mana\u017e\u00e9ri. Ak sa nepodarilo z\u00edska\u0165 \u00fadaje, vykonalo sa manu\u00e1lne georeferencovanie a digitaliz\u00e1cia hran\u00edc projektu pomocou softv\u00e9ru QGIS. V niektor\u00fdch pr\u00edpadoch, ke\u010f boli hranice projektu distribuovan\u00e9 ako line\u00e1rne prvky, boli tieto spracovan\u00e9 na z\u00edskanie polyg\u00f3nov\u00fdch hran\u00edc. Pre \u0161es\u0165 projektov boli hranice vytvoren\u00e9 na z\u00e1klade postupu op\u00edsan\u00e9ho v projektovej dokument\u00e1cii (PDD).<\/p>\n

Datab\u00e1za rozli\u0161uje medzi projektovou oblas\u0165ou (geografick\u00e1 oblas\u0165, kde sa realizuj\u00fa aktivity na zn\u00ed\u017eenie odles\u0148ovania) a oblas\u0165ou \u00fa\u010dtovania projektu (geografick\u00e1 oblas\u0165 pou\u017eit\u00e1 na v\u00fdpo\u010det vydan\u00fdch uhl\u00edkov\u00fdch kreditov).<\/strong> Vo v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ine pr\u00edpadov (83%) s\u00fa tieto dve oblasti rovnak\u00e9.<\/p>\n

Hodnotenie presnosti procesu georeferencovania a digitaliz\u00e1cie preuk\u00e1zalo vysok\u00fa mieru presnosti (sk\u00f3re Intersection over Union (IoU) 0,98 \u00b1 0,015).<\/strong><\/p>\n

Datab\u00e1za obsahuje geo bal\u00edky (.gpkg) pre ka\u017ed\u00fd kontinent a indexov\u00fd s\u00fabor CSV.<\/strong> Ka\u017ed\u00fd z\u00e1znam obsahuje atrib\u00faty ako n\u00e1zov projektu, ID projektu, n\u00e1zov registra, metodol\u00f3gia, typ projektu, krajina, meno developera, d\u00e1tumy za\u010datia a ukon\u010denia projektu, d\u00e1tum pridania do datab\u00e1zy a inform\u00e1cie o spracovan\u00ed hran\u00edc. Geo bal\u00edky obsahuj\u00fa geo priestorov\u00e9 reprezent\u00e1cie projektovej oblasti a oblasti \u00fa\u010dtovania projektu vo form\u00e1te Well-Known Text (WKT).<\/p>\n

\u00dasilie o vytvorenie tejto datab\u00e1zy m\u00e1 za cie\u013e demokratizova\u0165 pr\u00edstup k hraniciam projektov pre bud\u00face iniciat\u00edvy merania, vykazovania a overovania (MRV).<\/strong> T\u00e1to datab\u00e1za umo\u017en\u00ed komplexnej\u0161ie anal\u00fdzy klimatick\u00fdch v\u00fdhod poskytovan\u00fdch NBS a je v s\u00falade s cie\u013emi regula\u010dn\u00fdch a priemyseln\u00fdch \u0161tandardov, ako s\u00fa Z\u00e1kladn\u00e9 princ\u00edpy Integrity Council for the Voluntary Carbon Market (ICVCM), ktor\u00e9 vy\u017eaduj\u00fa transparentnos\u0165 v vykazovan\u00ed uhl\u00edkov\u00fdch projektov.<\/p>\n

Pou\u017e\u00edvatelia by si mali by\u0165 vedom\u00ed niektor\u00fdch obmedzen\u00ed datab\u00e1zy.<\/strong> Datab\u00e1za nereprezentuje s\u00fapis v\u0161etk\u00fdch pr\u00edrodn\u00fdch uhl\u00edkov\u00fdch projektov a neobsahuje v\u0161etky ich druhy. Pou\u017e\u00edvatelia by mali overi\u0165, \u010di pr\u00edpadn\u00e9 nepresnosti georeferencovania nebud\u00fa v\u00fdznamne ovplyv\u0148ova\u0165 ich anal\u00fdzy. Datab\u00e1za odr\u00e1\u017ea \u00fadaje dostupn\u00e9 v registroch v \u010dase pr\u00edstupu a pou\u017e\u00edvatelia by mali starostlivo rozli\u0161ova\u0165 medzi celkovou projektovou oblas\u0165ou a oblas\u0165ou \u00fa\u010dtovania projektu. Presnos\u0165 hran\u00edc vytvoren\u00fdch z line\u00e1rnych prvkov alebo pod\u013ea protokolu poskytnut\u00e9ho v\u00fdvoj\u00e1rom nebola overen\u00e1 a pou\u017e\u00edvatelia sa vyz\u00fdvaj\u00fa, aby tieto hranice pos\u00fadili individu\u00e1lne.<\/p>\n

\u00dadaje o hraniciach projektov boli odvoden\u00e9 pomocou softv\u00e9ru QGIS.<\/strong> Datab\u00e1za je otvoren\u00e1 a dostupn\u00e1 na platforme Zenodo. SpringR<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n

\n

\u0645\u0633\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n

    \n
  • Nature-based climate solutions (NBS) \/ Klimatick\u00e9 rie\u0161enia zalo\u017een\u00e9 na pr\u00edrode:<\/strong> Opatrenia, ktor\u00e9 vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa pr\u00edrodn\u00e9 ekosyst\u00e9my alebo nimi in\u0161pirovan\u00e9 pr\u00edstupy na rie\u0161enie klimatick\u00fdch zmien a z\u00e1rove\u0148 poskytuj\u00fa \u010fal\u0161ie environment\u00e1lne, soci\u00e1lne a ekonomick\u00e9 v\u00fdhody.<\/li>\n
  • Carbon offsets \/ Uhl\u00edkov\u00e9 kompenz\u00e1cie:<\/strong> Redukcie emisi\u00ed sklen\u00edkov\u00fdch plynov alebo zv\u00fd\u0161enie sekvestr\u00e1cie uhl\u00edka v jednej lokalite, ktor\u00e9 sa pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa na kompenz\u00e1ciu emisi\u00ed inde. \u010casto sa obchoduj\u00fa ako uhl\u00edkov\u00e9 kredity.<\/li>\n
  • Geospatial boundary data \/ Priestorov\u00e9 \u00fadaje o hraniciach:<\/strong> Inform\u00e1cie o geografickom rozsahu projektov alebo oblast\u00ed, zvy\u010dajne reprezentovan\u00e9 ako polyg\u00f3ny, l\u00ednie alebo body s priraden\u00fdmi s\u00faradnicami.<\/li>\n
  • Carbon project registries \/ Registre uhl\u00edkov\u00fdch projektov:<\/strong> Datab\u00e1zy, ktor\u00e9 obsahuj\u00fa inform\u00e1cie o uhl\u00edkov\u00fdch projektoch, vr\u00e1tane ich opisu, metodol\u00f3gie a vydan\u00fdch uhl\u00edkov\u00fdch kreditov.<\/li>\n
  • Georeferencing \/ Georeferencovanie:<\/strong> Proces priradenia geografick\u00fdch s\u00faradn\u00edc k bodom na mape alebo inom obrazovom materi\u00e1li, aby sa dali presne umiestni\u0165 v priestore.<\/li>\n
  • Digitization \/ Digitaliz\u00e1cia:<\/strong> Proces konverzie anal\u00f3gov\u00fdch \u00fadajov (napr. papierov\u00fdch m\u00e1p) do digit\u00e1lnej formy, napr\u00edklad vytvoren\u00edm vektorov\u00fdch prvkov (body, l\u00ednie, polyg\u00f3ny) v geografickom informa\u010dnom syst\u00e9me (GIS).<\/li>\n
  • Avoided deforestation (AD) \/ Zabr\u00e1nenie odles\u0148ovaniu:<\/strong> Typ uhl\u00edkov\u00e9ho projektu, ktor\u00e9ho cie\u013eom je zabr\u00e1ni\u0165 pl\u00e1novan\u00e9mu alebo nepl\u00e1novan\u00e9mu odles\u0148ovaniu a t\u00fdm zamedzi\u0165 uvo\u013e\u0148ovaniu ulo\u017een\u00e9ho uhl\u00edka.<\/li>\n
  • Afforestation, reforestation and re-vegetation (ARR) \/ Zales\u0148ovanie, obnova lesov a reveget\u00e1cia:<\/strong> Typ uhl\u00edkov\u00e9ho projektu, ktor\u00fd zah\u0155\u0148a vys\u00e1dzanie stromov na ploch\u00e1ch, kde predt\u00fdm neboli lesy (zales\u0148ovanie), na ploch\u00e1ch, kde boli lesy odstr\u00e1nen\u00e9 (obnova lesov), alebo obnovu rastlinn\u00e9ho pokryvu.<\/li>\n
  • Improved forest management (IFM) \/ Zlep\u0161en\u00e9 hospod\u00e1renie v lesoch:<\/strong> Typ uhl\u00edkov\u00e9ho projektu, ktor\u00fd implementuje postupy hospod\u00e1renia s cie\u013eom zv\u00fd\u0161i\u0165 sekvestr\u00e1ciu uhl\u00edka v existuj\u00facich lesoch v porovnan\u00ed s be\u017en\u00fdmi postupmi.<\/li>\n
  • Baseline emissions scenario \/ Scen\u00e1r z\u00e1kladn\u00fdch emisi\u00ed:<\/strong> Odhad emisi\u00ed sklen\u00edkov\u00fdch plynov, ktor\u00e9 by sa pravdepodobne vyskytli v absencii implementovan\u00e9ho uhl\u00edkov\u00e9ho projektu. Pou\u017e\u00edva sa na ur\u010denie dodato\u010dnosti zn\u00ed\u017eenia emisi\u00ed.<\/li>\n
  • Intersection over Union (IoU):<\/strong> Metrika pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00e1 na hodnotenie prekrytia medzi dvoma oblas\u0165ami (napr. referen\u010dn\u00fdm polyg\u00f3nom a digitalizovan\u00fdm polyg\u00f3nom). Vypo\u010d\u00edta sa ako pomer plochy ich prieniku k ploche ich zjednotenia.<\/li>\n<\/ul>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    T\u00e1to \u0161tudijn\u00e1 pr\u00edru\u010dka podrobne opisuje vytvorenie a obsah otvorenej datab\u00e1zy geografick\u00fdch hran\u00edc pr\u00edrodn\u00fdch projektov na kompenz\u00e1ciu uhl\u00edka. Tieto pr\u00edrodn\u00e9 rie\u0161enia kl\u00edmy (NBS) sa stali d\u00f4le\u017eitou s\u00fa\u010das\u0165ou strat\u00e9gi\u00ed<\/p>","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[8,26],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-34777","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-offsetove-projekty","category-uhlikove-kredity"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.co2news.sk\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/34777","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.co2news.sk\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.co2news.sk\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.co2news.sk\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/7"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.co2news.sk\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=34777"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.co2news.sk\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/34777\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.co2news.sk\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=34777"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.co2news.sk\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=34777"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.co2news.sk\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=34777"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}