{"id":34581,"date":"2025-03-23T18:58:55","date_gmt":"2025-03-23T17:58:55","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.co2news.sk\/?p=34581"},"modified":"2025-03-23T19:04:02","modified_gmt":"2025-03-23T18:04:02","slug":"metodiky-znizovania-emisii-z-odlesnovania-a-degradacie-lesov-reddmf","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.co2news.sk\/ar\/2025\/03\/23\/metodiky-znizovania-emisii-z-odlesnovania-a-degradacie-lesov-reddmf\/","title":{"rendered":"Metodiky zni\u017eovania emisi\u00ed z odles\u0148ovania a degrad\u00e1cie lesov (REDD+MF)."},"content":{"rendered":"<p>\u0647\u0630\u0627 <a href=\"https:\/\/verra.org\/documents\/vm0007-redd-methodology-framework-v1-8-clean\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">metodol\u00f3gia<\/span><\/a> definuje \u0161trukt\u00faru a postupy pre v\u00fdpo\u010det zn\u00ed\u017eenia emisi\u00ed sklen\u00edkov\u00fdch plynov a zv\u00fd\u0161enia ich odstra\u0148ovania z projektov zameran\u00fdch na zabr\u00e1nenie odles\u0148ovaniu<!--more--> a degrad\u00e1cii lesov, ako aj na obnovu a ochranu mokrad\u00ed (Wetlands Restoration and Conservation &#8211; WRC).<\/p>\n<p><strong>Autori a v\u00fdvoj metodol\u00f3gie:<\/strong> Metodol\u00f3giu p\u00f4vodne vyvinuli Avoided Deforestation Partners a Climate Focus. Medzi hlavn\u00fdch autorov patria Silvestrum Climate Associates, Winrock International, Carbon Decisions International a TerraCarbon. Nesk\u00f4r na r\u00f4znych verzi\u00e1ch spolupracovali aj The Field Museum, Permian Global, Greifswald University, Restore America\u2019s Estuaries a mnoh\u00e9 \u010fal\u0161ie organiz\u00e1cie a experti. Verziu 1.8 pripravila spolo\u010dnos\u0165 Verra.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f:<\/strong> Dokument obsahuje defin\u00edcie, podmienky pou\u017eite\u013enosti, postupy na stanovenie projektov\u00fdch hran\u00edc (geografick\u00fdch, \u010dasov\u00fdch, uhl\u00edkov\u00fdch z\u00e1sobn\u00edkov a zdrojov emisi\u00ed), metodiku stanovenia z\u00e1kladn\u00e9ho scen\u00e1ra, preuk\u00e1zanie adicionality, kvantifik\u00e1ciu zn\u00ed\u017eenia emisi\u00ed a zv\u00fd\u0161enia odstra\u0148ovania sklen\u00edkov\u00fdch plynov, po\u017eiadavky na monitorovanie a zoznam referenci\u00ed. Obsahuje aj pr\u00edlohu o testovan\u00ed v\u00fdznamnosti emisi\u00ed sklen\u00edkov\u00fdch plynov a hist\u00f3riu dokumentu.<\/p>\n<p><strong>K\u013e\u00fa\u010dov\u00e9 aspekty metodol\u00f3gie:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Rozsah metodol\u00f3gie:<\/strong> Metodol\u00f3gia VM0007 je modul\u00e1rny r\u00e1mec, ktor\u00fd vyu\u017e\u00edva <strong>preddefinovan\u00e9 moduly a n\u00e1stroje<\/strong> na vykon\u00e1vanie \u0161pecifick\u00fdch funkci\u00ed pri v\u00fdpo\u010dte z\u00e1kladn\u00e9ho scen\u00e1ra a monitorovan\u00ed projektov REDD+ a WRC. Je aplikovate\u013en\u00e1 na aktivity ako <strong>zabr\u00e1nenie nepl\u00e1novan\u00e9mu odles\u0148ovaniu (AUDef), zabr\u00e1nenie pl\u00e1novan\u00e9mu odles\u0148ovaniu (APDef), ochrana nedotknut\u00fdch mokrad\u00ed (CIW) vr\u00e1tane zabr\u00e1nenia pl\u00e1novanej (APWD) a nepl\u00e1novanej degrad\u00e1cie mokrad\u00ed (AUWD), a obnova ekosyst\u00e9mov mokrad\u00ed (RWE)<\/strong>. Metodol\u00f3gia <strong>nepokr\u00fdva zlep\u0161enie hospod\u00e1renia v lesoch (IFM) a zales\u0148ovanie, obnovu lesov a reveget\u00e1ciu (ARR)<\/strong> ako samostatn\u00e9 projektov\u00e9 aktivity. Ak projekty WRC implementuj\u00fa aktivity ARR, musia pou\u017ei\u0165 vhodn\u00fa metodol\u00f3giu ARR (napr. VM0047) v kombin\u00e1cii s modulmi WRC.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Identifik\u00e1cia VCS-sp\u00f4sobil\u00fdch aktiv\u00edt:<\/strong> Dokument obsahuje rozhodovacie stromy (Tabu\u013eka 1 a\u017e 3) na ur\u010denie typu VCS-sp\u00f4sobilej projektovej aktivity, pri\u010dom sa zd\u00f4raz\u0148uje, \u017ee je potrebn\u00e9 aplikova\u0165 relevantn\u00e9 moduly pre z\u00e1kladn\u00fd scen\u00e1r (BL-UP, BL-PL, BL-PEAT, BL-TW) s pr\u00edslu\u0161n\u00fdmi podmienkami pou\u017eite\u013enosti. Projekt m\u00f4\u017ee zah\u0155\u0148a\u0165 oblasti s r\u00f4znymi sp\u00f4sobilos\u0165ami, ktor\u00e9 musia by\u0165 jasne oddelen\u00e9. Projekty m\u00f4\u017eu by\u0165 samostatn\u00e9 REDD alebo WRC, alebo m\u00f4\u017eu kombinova\u0165 obe kateg\u00f3rie.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Podmienky pou\u017eite\u013enosti:<\/strong> Metodol\u00f3gia stanovuje <strong>v\u0161eobecn\u00e9 podmienky pou\u017eite\u013enosti<\/strong> a \u0161pecifick\u00e9 podmienky pre <strong>aktivity REDD<\/strong> (v\u0161etky typy, zabr\u00e1nenie nepl\u00e1novan\u00e9mu a pl\u00e1novan\u00e9mu odles\u0148ovaniu) a <strong>aktivity WRC<\/strong> (v\u0161etky typy, obnova ekosyst\u00e9mov mokrad\u00ed, ochrana nedotknut\u00fdch mokrad\u00ed, zabr\u00e1nenie nepl\u00e1novanej a pl\u00e1novanej degrad\u00e1cii mokrad\u00ed). Pre aktivity REDD sa vy\u017eaduje, aby bola dan\u00e1 oblas\u0165 lesom minim\u00e1lne 10 rokov pred za\u010diatkom projektu. Pre WRC aktivity existuj\u00fa podmienky t\u00fdkaj\u00face sa napr\u00edklad hladiny podzemnej vody, akumul\u00e1cie organick\u00e9ho uhl\u00edka v p\u00f4de, hydrologickej prepojenosti, spa\u013eovania organickej p\u00f4dy a pou\u017eitia dus\u00edkat\u00fdch hnoj\u00edv.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Projektov\u00e9 hranice:<\/strong> Projektov\u00e9 hranice musia by\u0165 jasne definovan\u00e9 z h\u013eadiska <strong>geografie, \u010dasu, uhl\u00edkov\u00fdch z\u00e1sobn\u00edkov a zdrojov emisi\u00ed sklen\u00edkov\u00fdch plynov<\/strong>. Geografick\u00e9 hranice s\u00fa fixn\u00e9. Pre REDD aktivity sa rozli\u0161uj\u00fa r\u00f4zne typy hran\u00edc v z\u00e1vislosti od kateg\u00f3rie (pl\u00e1novan\u00e9 vs. nepl\u00e1novan\u00e9 odles\u0148ovanie). Pre WRC projekty musia oblasti sp\u013a\u0148a\u0165 medzin\u00e1rodne akceptovan\u00fa defin\u00edciu mokrad\u00ed. \u010casov\u00e9 hranice zah\u0155\u0148aj\u00fa <strong>za\u010diatok a koniec historick\u00e9ho referen\u010dn\u00e9ho obdobia<\/strong> \u0648 <strong>za\u010diatok a koniec obdobia pride\u013eovania kreditov projektu<\/strong>. Musia sa identifikova\u0165 relevantn\u00e9 <strong>uhl\u00edkov\u00e9 z\u00e1sobn\u00edky<\/strong> (napr. nadzemn\u00e1 a podzemn\u00e1 biomasa, m\u0155ve drevo, stelivo, organick\u00fd uhl\u00edk v p\u00f4de, v\u00fdrobky z dreva) a <strong>zdroje emisi\u00ed GHG<\/strong> (napr. spa\u013eovanie biomasy a ra\u0161eliny, spa\u013eovanie fos\u00edlnych pal\u00edv, pou\u017eitie hnoj\u00edv), ktor\u00e9 projekt ovplyv\u0148uje.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Z\u00e1kladn\u00fd scen\u00e1r:<\/strong> Stanovenie najpravdepodobnej\u0161ieho z\u00e1kladn\u00e9ho scen\u00e1ra vych\u00e1dza z anal\u00fdzy adicionality a mus\u00ed by\u0165 v s\u00falade s podmienkami pred za\u010diatkom projektu. Pou\u017e\u00edva sa <strong>n\u00e1stroj VT0001<\/strong> na pos\u00fadenie adicionality. Stanovuj\u00fa sa <strong>plauzibiln\u00e9 alternat\u00edvne scen\u00e1re vyu\u017eitia p\u00f4dy<\/strong> a pomocou anal\u00fdzy bari\u00e9r alebo investi\u010dnej anal\u00fdzy sa vyberie najpravdepodobnej\u0161\u00ed scen\u00e1r bez projektu. Z\u00e1kladn\u00fd scen\u00e1r sa mus\u00ed <strong>pravidelne prehodnocova\u0165<\/strong> pod\u013ea \u0161tandardu VCS.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629:<\/strong> Pre v\u0161etky projektov\u00e9 aktivity okrem ochrany a obnovy pr\u00edlivov\u00fdch mokrad\u00ed sa na preuk\u00e1zanie adicionality pou\u017e\u00edva <strong>n\u00e1stroj VT0001<\/strong>. Pre projekty ochrany a obnovy pr\u00edlivov\u00fdch mokrad\u00ed sa pou\u017e\u00edva <strong>met\u00f3da aktivity<\/strong> s vyu\u017eit\u00edm modulu <strong>ADD-AM<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Kvantifik\u00e1cia zn\u00ed\u017eenia emisi\u00ed a zv\u00fd\u0161enia odstra\u0148ovania:<\/strong> V\u00fdpo\u010det sa vykon\u00e1va pre ka\u017ed\u00fd typ aktivity zahrnut\u00fd v projekte a pre kombinovan\u00e9 aktivity sa vyv\u00edja jedine\u010dn\u00fd z\u00e1kladn\u00fd scen\u00e1r zoh\u013ead\u0148uj\u00faci organick\u00fd uhl\u00edk v p\u00f4de. Postupy sa l\u00ed\u0161ia pre <strong>z\u00e1kladn\u00e9 emisie (REDD a WRC)<\/strong>, <strong>projektov\u00e9 emisie (REDD a WRC)<\/strong> \u0648 <strong>\u00faniky<\/strong>. Pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa sa \u0161pecifick\u00e9 moduly (napr. BL-UP, BL-PL, BL-PEAT, BL-TW, M-REDD, M-PEAT, M-TW, LK-ASU, LK-ASP, LK-ME, LK-ECO). Stanovuje sa <strong>celkov\u00e9 \u010dist\u00e9 zn\u00ed\u017eenie emisi\u00ed sklen\u00edkov\u00fdch plynov<\/strong> a vypo\u010d\u00edtava sa <strong>pr\u00edspevok do spolo\u010dn\u00e9ho vyrovn\u00e1vacieho \u00fa\u010dtu AFOLU<\/strong> na pokrytie rizika nepermanencie. Zoh\u013ead\u0148uje sa aj <strong>anal\u00fdza neistoty<\/strong> pomocou modulu X-UNC a na z\u00e1klade upraven\u00e9ho zn\u00ed\u017eenia emisi\u00ed sa vypo\u010d\u00edtava <strong>po\u010det overen\u00fdch uhl\u00edkov\u00fdch jednotiek (VCU)<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Monitorovanie:<\/strong> Mus\u00ed sa vypracova\u0165 <strong>pl\u00e1n monitorovania<\/strong>, ktor\u00fd pokr\u00fdva implement\u00e1ciu projektu, zmeny uhl\u00edkov\u00fdch z\u00e1sobn\u00edkov a emisie GHG v projektovej oblasti a oblasti \u00faniku, ako aj ex post odhad \u010dist\u00fdch zmien uhl\u00edkov\u00fdch z\u00e1sobn\u00edkov a emisi\u00ed GHG. Pl\u00e1n monitorovania mus\u00ed obsahova\u0165 technick\u00fd popis \u00faloh monitorovania, \u00fadaje na zber, postupy zberu \u00fadajov, kontrolu kvality a zabezpe\u010denie kvality, archiv\u00e1ciu \u00fadajov a zodpovednosti. D\u00f4raz sa kladie na <strong>zn\u00ed\u017eenie neist\u00f4t<\/strong>, vyu\u017e\u00edvanie overen\u00fdch met\u00f3d IPCC a odbornej expert\u00edzy. Monitoruje sa aj dodr\u017eiavanie podmienok pou\u017eite\u013enosti metodol\u00f3gie. Z\u00e1kladn\u00fd scen\u00e1r sa <strong>pravidelne reviduje<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Testovanie v\u00fdznamnosti emisi\u00ed GHG:<\/strong> Ak projekt nesp\u013a\u0148a podmienky pou\u017eite\u013enosti n\u00e1stroja T-SIG, pou\u017e\u00edva sa <strong>postupn\u00fd proces<\/strong> na testovanie v\u00fdznamnosti emisi\u00ed GHG s cie\u013eom od\u00f4vodni\u0165 vynechanie ur\u010dit\u00fdch z\u00e1sobn\u00edkov alebo zdrojov emisi\u00ed.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Dokument obsahuje podrobn\u00e9 inform\u00e1cie o jednotliv\u00fdch krokoch a po\u017eiadavk\u00e1ch na implement\u00e1ciu projektov REDD+ a WRC v r\u00e1mci Verified Carbon Standard (VCS) Program. Je k\u013e\u00fa\u010dov\u00fdm dokumentom pre projektov\u00fdch developerov, valid\u00e1torov a verifik\u00e1torov v oblasti kompenz\u00e1cie uhl\u00edka. <em><strong>SpringR<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p><strong>\u0645\u0633\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Additionality (Dodato\u010dnos\u0165):<\/strong> Princ\u00edp, \u017ee zn\u00ed\u017eenie emisi\u00ed sklen\u00edkov\u00fdch plynov alebo zv\u00fd\u0161enie sekvestr\u00e1cie uhl\u00edka by nenastalo bez realiz\u00e1cie projektovej aktivity.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Baseline Scenario (Z\u00e1kladn\u00fd Scen\u00e1r):<\/strong> Scen\u00e1r, ktor\u00fd opisuje, ako by sa vyu\u017e\u00edvanie p\u00f4dy a emisie sklen\u00edkov\u00fdch plynov vyv\u00edjali v projektovej oblasti v pr\u00edpade, \u017ee by projekt REDD+ alebo WRC nebol implementovan\u00fd.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Carbon Pool (Uhl\u00edkov\u00fd Fond):<\/strong> Z\u00e1soba uhl\u00edka v r\u00e1mci ur\u010dit\u00e9ho ekosyst\u00e9mu alebo z\u00e1sobn\u00edka, napr\u00edklad biomasa nad zemou, biomasa pod zemou, m\u0155ve drevo, opad (litter), organick\u00fd uhl\u00edk v p\u00f4de a drevn\u00e9 v\u00fdrobky.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u063a\u0627\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0641\u064a\u0626\u0629 (GHG):<\/strong> Sklen\u00edkov\u00fd plyn, napr\u00edklad oxid uhli\u010dit\u00fd (CO2), met\u00e1n (CH4) a oxid dusn\u00fd (N2O), ktor\u00fd prispieva k glob\u00e1lnemu otep\u013eovaniu.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Leakage (\u00danik Emisi\u00ed):<\/strong> Nepriame zv\u00fd\u0161enie emisi\u00ed sklen\u00edkov\u00fdch plynov mimo projektovej oblasti, ktor\u00e9 je priamo alebo nepriamo sp\u00f4soben\u00e9 projektovou aktivitou.<\/li>\n<li><strong>REDD (Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and forest Degradation):<\/strong> Iniciat\u00edva zameran\u00e1 na zni\u017eovanie emisi\u00ed z odles\u0148ovania a degrad\u00e1cie lesov v rozvojov\u00fdch krajin\u00e1ch.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Reference Region (Referen\u010dn\u00e1 Oblas\u0165):<\/strong> Oblas\u0165 mimo projektovej z\u00f3ny, ktor\u00e1 sa pou\u017e\u00edva na monitorovanie miery odles\u0148ovania alebo degrad\u00e1cie v pr\u00edpade nepl\u00e1novan\u00fdch aktiv\u00edt, a sl\u00fa\u017ei na \u00fapravu z\u00e1kladn\u00e9ho scen\u00e1ra.<\/li>\n<li><strong>SOC (Soil Organic Carbon):<\/strong> Organick\u00fd uhl\u00edk ulo\u017een\u00fd v p\u00f4de. Je d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00fdm uhl\u00edkov\u00fdm fondom, najm\u00e4 v mokradiach a lesn\u00fdch ekosyst\u00e9moch.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Tidal Wetland (Tid\u00e1lna Mokra\u010f):<\/strong> Podskupina mokrad\u00ed ovplyv\u0148ovan\u00e1 cyklami pr\u00edlivu a odlivu, napr\u00edklad mo\u010diare, l\u00faky s morskou tr\u00e1vou a mangrovov\u00e9 porasty.<\/li>\n<li><strong>VCU (Verified Carbon Unit):<\/strong> Obchodovate\u013en\u00e1 jednotka predstavuj\u00faca jednu tonu ekvivalentu oxidu uhli\u010dit\u00e9ho (tCO2e) zn\u00ed\u017een\u00fdch alebo sekvestrovan\u00fdch emisi\u00ed, overen\u00e1 pod\u013ea \u0161tandardov VCS.<\/li>\n<li><strong>WRC (Wetland Restoration and Conservation):<\/strong> Aktivity zameran\u00e9 na obnovu znehodnoten\u00fdch mokrad\u00ed a ochranu intaktn\u00fdch mokrad\u00ed s cie\u013eom zn\u00ed\u017ei\u0165 emisie sklen\u00edkov\u00fdch plynov a zv\u00fd\u0161i\u0165 sekvestr\u00e1ciu uhl\u00edka.<\/li>\n<\/ul>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>T\u00e1to metodol\u00f3gia definuje \u0161trukt\u00faru a postupy pre v\u00fdpo\u010det zn\u00ed\u017eenia emisi\u00ed sklen\u00edkov\u00fdch plynov a zv\u00fd\u0161enia ich odstra\u0148ovania z projektov zameran\u00fdch na zabr\u00e1nenie odles\u0148ovaniu<\/p>","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[26],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-34581","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-uhlikove-kredity"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.co2news.sk\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/34581","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.co2news.sk\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.co2news.sk\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.co2news.sk\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/7"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.co2news.sk\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=34581"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.co2news.sk\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/34581\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.co2news.sk\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=34581"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.co2news.sk\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=34581"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.co2news.sk\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=34581"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}